In the Ottoman Empire Abu Bakr Ahmad b. Muhammad Ibn al-Jazari (Ibn al-Nāzim), one of the pioneering figures of the science of Qiraat: Life, Works and Scholarly Personality

Resul Akcan

Makale detayları

In the Ottoman Empire Abu Bakr Ahmad b. Muhammad Ibn al-Jazari (Ibn al-Nāzim), one of the pioneering figures of the science of Qiraat: Life, Works and Scholarly Personality

Yazarlar:

Resul Akcan

Yayıncı:

Fırat University

Ana Başlıklar:

Kuran-ı Kerim Okuma ve Kıraat

Dergi:

Fırat Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi Vol.29 Issue 2, pp.133-150

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

12/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001334841

pISSN:

1304-639X

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 This study focuses on the life, works, scholarly personality and place of Abu Bakr Ahmad, one of the pioneers of the science of Qiraat in the Ottoman Empire. Abū Bakr Aḥmad was the son of Ibn al-Jazari, one of the authoritative figures in the science of Qiraat, and the author is called Ibn al-Nāzim after his father. Abū Bakr Aḥmad is an important figure who came to the forefront in the field of Qiraat by being educated by the leading scholars of the period, especially Ibn al-Jazari, and wrote qualified works. Abu Bakr Ahmad distinguished himself among Ibn al-Jazaris other children. Abū Bakr Aḥmad served as a muderris in various madrasas in Damascus, such as the Great Ādiliyya, Atabekiyya and Umayyad mosques, and taught many students throughout his life. Among his students were the children of Bayezid Yildirim. After Ibn al-Jazari came to Bursa, Abu Bakr Ahmad took many books with him and taught what he learned from him to many people, especially the sultans children. The works written by Abū Bakr Aḥmad also reveal his knowledge of scientific subjects. As a matter of fact, Ibn al-Jazari said that he liked his son Abū Bakr Aḥmads commentary on Tayyibah very much, ...Although he did not even have a copy of my previous commentary on the same work, he commented it very well. Before that, he had also commented on two poems of mine very well.... Apart from this commentary, which was praised by Ibn al-Jazari, he also wrote other works. Considering the works of Abū Bakr Aḥmad, it can be said that he was a commentator. This is because most of his works have the quality of a commentary. It is reported that when Ibn al-Nāzim was a professor in the madrasas in Damascus, the chief qadi of the period and many scholars attended his lectures. Ibn al-Nāzim was also the first commentator of Tayyibat al-Nashr, which is used as the main source of Qiraat education both in our country and in other Islamic countries and on which dozens of commentaries have been written. All this reflects the authors knowledge in the field of qiraat. While Abu Bakr Ahmads personal effort, perseverance and intelligence played an important role in his reaching such a position, the fact that he was the son of a father like Ibn al-Jazari, who left his mark on the history of Qiraat and is considered an authority in his field, was undoubtedly effective. As a matter of fact, Ibn al-Jazari is a valuable figure who came to the forefront among his contemporaries in the shari sciences in general and in the field of Qiraat in particular. Aside from the words of praise uttered about him by scholars, the great works he penned and the vibrant community of students he left behind demonstrate this in the best way possible. Abu Bakr Ahmad was one of the first among the students who grew up under the tutelage of such an important scholar. When the studies on the life of Abū Bakr Aḥmad were examined, it was seen that there was no extensive and satisfactory information about the author. In fact, when the sources and documents that directly or indirectly mention the life of the commentator since his time are examined, it is seen that the information in the aforementioned sources is a repetition of what is given in Ibn al-Jazaris Ghāyat al-nihāya and sometimes contains contradictions within itself. For example, many issues such as the date of Abu Bakr Ahmads death, the number and identity of his siblings, his position as imam-hatip of the Ulucamii, the name of one of his students, Ashraf Musa, the catalog information of some of his works or their attribution to the author are either erroneous or controversial. Nevertheless, sources such as manuscript library catalogs, archival records, and works on the life of Abū Bakr Ahmad such as tabāqat, terājim, and qiraat, academic, modern, or encyclopedic works have been searched, and the information obtained has been compiled and presented in this study. At the same time, the information about his life, which is assumed to be erroneous, has been identified and corrected by going to the main sources, and finally, the correct or close to the truth has been tried to be revealed. The general opinion formed by us as a result of our research on the life of Abu Bakr Ahmad led us to such a study. The main theme of the article is the life of Abū Bakr Ahmad and it is aimed to make a humble contribution to the literature through this study.

 This study focuses on the life, works, scholarly personality and place of Abu Bakr Ahmad, one of the pioneers of the science of Qiraat in the Ottoman Empire. Abū Bakr Aḥmad was the son of Ibn al-Jazari, one of the authoritative figures in the science of Qiraat, and the author is called Ibn al-Nāzim after his father. Abū Bakr Aḥmad is an important figure who came to the forefront in the field of Qiraat by being educated by the leading scholars of the period, especially Ibn al-Jazari, and wrote qualified works. Abu Bakr Ahmad distinguished himself among Ibn al-Jazaris other children. Abū Bakr Aḥmad served as a muderris in various madrasas in Damascus, such as the Great Ādiliyya, Atabekiyya and Umayyad mosques, and taught many students throughout his life. Among his students were the children of Bayezid Yildirim. After Ibn al-Jazari came to Bursa, Abu Bakr Ahmad took many books with him and taught what he learned from him to many people, especially the sultans children. The works written by Abū Bakr Aḥmad also reveal his knowledge of scientific subjects. As a matter of fact, Ibn al-Jazari said that he liked his son Abū Bakr Aḥmads commentary on Tayyibah very much, ...Although he did not even have a copy of my previous commentary on the same work, he commented it very well. Before that, he had also commented on two poems of mine very well.... Apart from this commentary, which was praised by Ibn al-Jazari, he also wrote other works. Considering the works of Abū Bakr Aḥmad, it can be said that he was a commentator. This is because most of his works have the quality of a commentary. It is reported that when Ibn al-Nāzim was a professor in the madrasas in Damascus, the chief qadi of the period and many scholars attended his lectures. Ibn al-Nāzim was also the first commentator of Tayyibat al-Nashr, which is used as the main source of Qiraat education both in our country and in other Islamic countries and on which dozens of commentaries have been written. All this reflects the authors knowledge in the field of qiraat. While Abu Bakr Ahmads personal effort, perseverance and intelligence played an important role in his reaching such a position, the fact that he was the son of a father like Ibn al-Jazari, who left his mark on the history of Qiraat and is considered an authority in his field, was undoubtedly effective. As a matter of fact, Ibn al-Jazari is a valuable figure who came to the forefront among his contemporaries in the shari sciences in general and in the field of Qiraat in particular. Aside from the words of praise uttered about him by scholars, the great works he penned and the vibrant community of students he left behind demonstrate this in the best way possible. Abu Bakr Ahmad was one of the first among the students who grew up under the tutelage of such an important scholar. When the studies on the life of Abū Bakr Aḥmad were examined, it was seen that there was no extensive and satisfactory information about the author. In fact, when the sources and documents that directly or indirectly mention the life of the commentator since his time are examined, it is seen that the information in the aforementioned sources is a repetition of what is given in Ibn al-Jazaris Ghāyat al-nihāya and sometimes contains contradictions within itself. For example, many issues such as the date of Abu Bakr Ahmads death, the number and identity of his siblings, his position as imam-hatip of the Ulucamii, the name of one of his students, Ashraf Musa, the catalog information of some of his works or their attribution to the author are either erroneous or controversial. Nevertheless, sources such as manuscript library catalogs, archival records, and works on the life of Abū Bakr Ahmad such as tabāqat, terājim, and qiraat, academic, modern, or encyclopedic works have been searched, and the information obtained has been compiled and presented in this study. At the same time, the information about his life, which is assumed to be erroneous, has been identified and corrected by going to the main sources, and finally, the correct or close to the truth has been tried to be revealed. The general opinion formed by us as a result of our research on the life of Abu Bakr Ahmad led us to such a study. The main theme of the article is the life of Abū Bakr Ahmad and it is aimed to make a humble contribution to the literature through this study.

 This study focuses on the life, works, scholarly personality and place of Abu Bakr Ahmad, one of the pioneers of the science of Qiraat in the Ottoman Empire. Abū Bakr Aḥmad was the son of Ibn al-Jazari, one of the authoritative figures in the science of Qiraat, and the author is called Ibn al-Nāzim after his father. Abū Bakr Aḥmad is an important figure who came to the forefront in the field of Qiraat by being educated by the leading scholars of the period, especially Ibn al-Jazari, and wrote qualified works. Abu Bakr Ahmad distinguished himself among Ibn al-Jazaris other children. Abū Bakr Aḥmad served as a muderris in various madrasas in Damascus, such as the Great Ādiliyya, Atabekiyya and Umayyad mosques, and taught many students throughout his life. Among his students were the children of Bayezid Yildirim. After Ibn al-Jazari came to Bursa, Abu Bakr Ahmad took many books with him and taught what he learned from him to many people, especially the sultans children. The works written by Abū Bakr Aḥmad also reveal his knowledge of scientific subjects. As a matter of fact, Ibn al-Jazari said that he liked his son Abū Bakr Aḥmads commentary on Tayyibah very much, ...Although he did not even have a copy of my previous commentary on the same work, he commented it very well. Before that, he had also commented on two poems of mine very well.... Apart from this commentary, which was praised by Ibn al-Jazari, he also wrote other works. Considering the works of Abū Bakr Aḥmad, it can be said that he was a commentator. This is because most of his works have the quality of a commentary. It is reported that when Ibn al-Nāzim was a professor in the madrasas in Damascus, the chief qadi of the period and many scholars attended his lectures. Ibn al-Nāzim was also the first commentator of Tayyibat al-Nashr, which is used as the main source of Qiraat education both in our country and in other Islamic countries and on which dozens of commentaries have been written. All this reflects the authors knowledge in the field of qiraat. While Abu Bakr Ahmads personal effort, perseverance and intelligence played an important role in his reaching such a position, the fact that he was the son of a father like Ibn al-Jazari, who left his mark on the history of Qiraat and is considered an authority in his field, was undoubtedly effective. As a matter of fact, Ibn al-Jazari is a valuable figure who came to the forefront among his contemporaries in the shari sciences in general and in the field of Qiraat in particular. Aside from the words of praise uttered about him by scholars, the great works he penned and the vibrant community of students he left behind demonstrate this in the best way possible. Abu Bakr Ahmad was one of the first among the students who grew up under the tutelage of such an important scholar. When the studies on the life of Abū Bakr Aḥmad were examined, it was seen that there was no extensive and satisfactory information about the author. In fact, when the sources and documents that directly or indirectly mention the life of the commentator since his time are examined, it is seen that the information in the aforementioned sources is a repetition of what is given in Ibn al-Jazaris Ghāyat al-nihāya and sometimes contains contradictions within itself. For example, many issues such as the date of Abu Bakr Ahmads death, the number and identity of his siblings, his position as imam-hatip of the Ulucamii, the name of one of his students, Ashraf Musa, the catalog information of some of his works or their attribution to the author are either erroneous or controversial. Nevertheless, sources such as manuscript library catalogs, archival records, and works on the life of Abū Bakr Ahmad such as tabāqat, terājim, and qiraat, academic, modern, or encyclopedic works have been searched, and the information obtained has been compiled and presented in this study. At the same time, the information about his life, which is assumed to be erroneous, has been identified and corrected by going to the main sources, and finally, the correct or close to the truth has been tried to be revealed. The general opinion formed by us as a result of our research on the life of Abu Bakr Ahmad led us to such a study. The main theme of the article is the life of Abū Bakr Ahmad and it is aimed to make a humble contribution to the literature through this study.

 Bu çalışmada, Osmanlıda kıraat ilminin kurumsallaşmasına önemli katkılar sunmuş olan Ebû Bekir Ahmedin hayatı, eserleri, ilmî şahsiyeti ve kıraat tedrisatındaki yeri konu edilmiştir. Ebû Bekir Ahmed, kıraat ilminin otorite şahsiyetlerinden biri olan İbnül-Cezerînin oğludur ve müellif babasına nisbetle İbnün-Nâzım diye anılmaktadır. Ebû Bekir Ahmed, başta İbnül-Cezerî olmak üzere dönemin önde gelen âlimlerinin tedrisatında yetişmek suretiyle kıraat sahasında ön plana çıkmış ve nitelikli eserler kaleme almış önemli bir şahsiyettir. Ebû Bekir Ahmed, İbnül-Cezerînin diğer çocukları arasında ilimde temayüz etmiştir. Müellif, Şamdaki Büyük Âdiliyye, Atabekiyye ve Emeviyye Camii gibi çeşitli medreselerde müderrislik görevini deruhte etmiş ve hayatı boyunca birçok öğrenciye hocalık yapmıştır. Onun öğrencileri arasında Yıldırım Bayezidin çocukları da bulunmaktadır. Nitekim Ebû Bekir Ahmed, İbnül-Cezerî Bursaya geldikten sonra birçok kitap yanına alıp onunla gitmiş ve ondan öğrendiklerini başta sultan çocukları olmak üzere birçok kişiye öğretmiştir. Ebû Bekir Ahmedin kaleme aldığı eserler onun ilmî konulara vukûfiyetini gözler önüne sermektedir. Nitekim İbnül-Cezerî oğlu Ebû Bekir Ahmedin Tayyibe üzerine kaleme aldığı şerhi çok beğendiğini Benim daha önce aynı esere yaptığım hâşiyenin bir nüshası dahi yanında bulunmamasına rağmen eseri gayet güzel şerhetmiş. Bundan evvel bana ait iki manzumeyi de çok güzel şerhetmişti... cümlesiyle bizzat kendisi dile getirmiştir. İbnül-Cezerînin övgüsüne mazhar olan söz konusu şerh dışında onun başka eserleri de mevcuttur. Ebû Bekir Ahmedin telif ettiği eserler göz önünde bulundurulduğunda onun bir şârih olduğu söylenebilir. Zira onun eserlerinin çoğu bir şerh niteliğine sahiptir. Ebû Bekir Ahmed Şamdaki medreselerde müderrislik yaparken dönemin baş kadısının ve birçok ulemânın onun derslerine iştirak ettiği nakledilmektedir. Ebû Bekir Ahmed ayrıca, gerek ülkemizde gerekse diğer İslâm beldelerinde kıraat eğitim-öğretiminde temel kaynak olarak kullanılan ve üzerine onlarca şerh kaleme alınan Tayyibetün-Neşrin ilk şârihidir. Tüm bunlar müellifin kıraat alanındaki birikimini yansıtmaktadır. Ebû Bekir Ahmedin böyle bir konuma gelmesinde şahsi gayreti, azmi ve zekasının önemli payı bulunmakla birlikte, kıraat tarihine damgasını vurmuş ve sahasında otorite kabul edilen İbnül-Cezerî gibi bir babanın evladı olması da şüphesiz etkili olmuştur. Nitekim İbnül-Cezerî yaşadığı dönem içerisinde genel anlamda şerî ilimlerde, özellikle de kıraat sahasında muasırları arasında ön plana çıkmış kıymetli bir şahsiyettir. Âlimler tarafından hakkında söylenilen övgü dolu sözler bir tarafa, kaleme aldığı muhalled eserler ve arkasında bıraktığı canlı eser mesabesindeki öğrenci toplulukları bunu en iyi şekilde gözler önüne sermektedir. Ebû Bekir Ahmed de böylesine önemli bir âlimin tedrisatında yetişmiş öğrenciler arasında ilk sıralarda yerini almıştır. Ebû Bekir Ahmedin hayatını konu eden çalışmalar incelendiğinde müellif hakkında geniş ve tatmin edici bilgi olmadığı görülmüştür. Zira yaşadığı dönemden itibaren doğrudan veya dolaylı olarak şârihin hayatına değinen kaynak ve dokümanlar incelendiğinde, anılan kaynaklardaki bilgilerin İbnül-Cezerînin Gâyetün-nihâyesinde verilenlerin tekrarı niteliğinde olduğu, bazen de kendi içinde çelişkiler barındırdığı görülmüştür. Örneğin Ebû Bekir Ahmedin hangi tarihte vefat ettiği, kardeşlerinin sayısı ve kimler olduğu, Ulucamii imam-hatiplik görevi, öğrencilerinden biri olan Eşref Musanın ismine dair bilgiler, telif ettiği eserlerden bazılarının katalog bilgileri veya müellife aidiyeti gibi konular ya hatalı ya da ihtilaflıdır. Hal böyle olmakla birlikte yazma eser kütüphane katalogları ve Ebû Bekir Ahmedin hayatına değinen tabakat, teracim ve kıraat türü eserler, akademik, modern veya ansiklopedik çalışmalar gibi konuya ilişkin malumat bulunabileceği düşünülen kaynaklar taranmış ve elde edilen bilgiler çalışmada derli toplu bir araya getirilerek takdim edilmiştir. Aynı zamanda onun hayatına dair hatalı olduğu varsayılan bilgiler tespit edilip temel kaynaklara inilmek suretiyle tashih edilmiş, en nihayetinde doğrusu veya doğruya yakın olanı ortaya konulmaya çalışılmıştır. Ebû Bekir Ahmedin hayatına dair yaptığımız araştırmalar neticesinde şahsımızda oluşan genel kanaat, bizi böyle bir çalışmaya sevk etmiştir. Makalenin ana teması Ebû Bekir Ahmedin hayatı olup bu çalışma vesilesiyle literatüre naçizane bir katkı sunulması hedeflenmiştir.

Makale detayları

In the Ottoman Empire Abu Bakr Ahmad b. Muhammad Ibn al-Jazari (Ibn al-Nāzim), one of the pioneering figures of the science of Qiraat: Life, Works and Scholarly Personality

Yazarlar:

Resul Akcan

Yayıncı:

Fırat University

Ana Başlıklar:

Kuran-ı Kerim Okuma ve Kıraat

Dergi:

Fırat Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi Vol.29 Issue 2, pp.133-150

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

12/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001334841

pISSN:

1304-639X

Qiraat

İbn el-Nâzim

Abû Bakr Ahmad

Commentator

Ibn al-Jazari

OttomanKıraat

İbnü'n-Nâzım

Ebû Bekir Ahmed

Şârih

İbnü'l-Cezerî

Osmanlı

Sayı

Makale detayları

Yazarlar: Resul Akcan

Yayıncı: Fırat University

Ana Başlıklar: Kuran-ı Kerim Okuma ve Kıraat

Dergi: Fırat Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi Vol.29 Issue 2, pp.133-150

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 12/2024

Belge Dili: Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.): 2001334841

pISSN: 1304-639X

Sayı

Yazarlar:

Resul Akcan

Yayıncı:

Fırat University

Ana Başlıklar:

Kuran-ı Kerim Okuma ve Kıraat

Dergi:

Fırat Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi Vol.29 Issue 2, pp.133-150

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

12/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001334841

pISSN:

1304-639X