THE POPULATION OF TURKIYE IN THE AXIS OF POPULATION GROWTH, PLANNED DEVELOPMENT AND BIRTH CONTROL (1923-2023)

Mustafa Salep

Makale detayları

THE POPULATION OF TURKIYE IN THE AXIS OF POPULATION GROWTH, PLANNED DEVELOPMENT AND BIRTH CONTROL (1923-2023)

Yazarlar:

Mustafa Salep

Yayıncı:

Dokuz Eylul University

Ana Başlıklar:

Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Tarihi

Dergi:

Çağdaş Türkiye Tarihi Araştırmaları Dergisi Vol.23 Issue 46, pp.371-423

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

7/2023

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001296875

pISSN:

1300-0756

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 Population is one of the most significant resources of a country. Societies which managed to establish their own states wanted to hold an effective and strong population. Evaluations on population have preserved their significance since early ages to the modern times with some different approaches. The arguments that rapid worldwide population growth would lead to food crisis continued into the 20th century. The Turks who had struggled through fierce wars and epidemic diseases in Anatolia until the end of 1922 lost crucial number of their educated population. This paper attempts to review major factors which affected Turkish population during the period from 1923 to 2023. The rulers of the Turkish Republic initially encouraged population growth in order to regain the population lost in wars. This attitude can be interpreted an indication of their desire to have a young and thriving nation. The perception that countries with big population growth rate would constitute risks for world future, and that the food production would fall short of feeding the growing population created a public opinion for taking population growth under control during the Cold War period. On one hand, this increased the studies to control the growth while on the other hand gave rise to planned development programs. After conducting the first census in Turkiye in 1927, the government continued to take census periodically and keep the records of population distribution across the country. Such action helped the state to set new policies. In summary, the paper deals with state policies on population throughout the Republican Era in reference to population growth rate, development plans and birth control in the light of primary sources of the period.

 Population is one of the most significant resources of a country. Societies which managed to establish their own states wanted to hold an effective and strong population. Evaluations on population have preserved their significance since early ages to the modern times with some different approaches. The arguments that rapid worldwide population growth would lead to food crisis continued into the 20th century. The Turks who had struggled through fierce wars and epidemic diseases in Anatolia until the end of 1922 lost crucial number of their educated population. This paper attempts to review major factors which affected Turkish population during the period from 1923 to 2023. The rulers of the Turkish Republic initially encouraged population growth in order to regain the population lost in wars. This attitude can be interpreted an indication of their desire to have a young and thriving nation. The perception that countries with big population growth rate would constitute risks for world future, and that the food production would fall short of feeding the growing population created a public opinion for taking population growth under control during the Cold War period. On one hand, this increased the studies to control the growth while on the other hand gave rise to planned development programs. After conducting the first census in Turkiye in 1927, the government continued to take census periodically and keep the records of population distribution across the country. Such action helped the state to set new policies. In summary, the paper deals with state policies on population throughout the Republican Era in reference to population growth rate, development plans and birth control in the light of primary sources of the period.

 Population is one of the most significant resources of a country. Societies which managed to establish their own states wanted to hold an effective and strong population. Evaluations on population have preserved their significance since early ages to the modern times with some different approaches. The arguments that rapid worldwide population growth would lead to food crisis continued into the 20th century. The Turks who had struggled through fierce wars and epidemic diseases in Anatolia until the end of 1922 lost crucial number of their educated population. This paper attempts to review major factors which affected Turkish population during the period from 1923 to 2023. The rulers of the Turkish Republic initially encouraged population growth in order to regain the population lost in wars. This attitude can be interpreted an indication of their desire to have a young and thriving nation. The perception that countries with big population growth rate would constitute risks for world future, and that the food production would fall short of feeding the growing population created a public opinion for taking population growth under control during the Cold War period. On one hand, this increased the studies to control the growth while on the other hand gave rise to planned development programs. After conducting the first census in Turkiye in 1927, the government continued to take census periodically and keep the records of population distribution across the country. Such action helped the state to set new policies. In summary, the paper deals with state policies on population throughout the Republican Era in reference to population growth rate, development plans and birth control in the light of primary sources of the period.

 Nüfus, ülkelerin en önemli kaynaklarından biridir. Devlet kurmuş toplumlar, etkin ve güçlü bir nüfusa sahip olmayı hedeflemişlerdir. İlk Çağdan modern zamanlara kadar geçen sürede nüfusa ait değerlendirmeler, farklılık göstermiş olsa da önemini korumuştur. Dünya nüfusunun hızlı artışının gıda sorununa neden olacağına dair tartışmalar, 20. yüzyılda devam etmiştir. 1922 yılı sonuna kadar Anadoluda çetin savaşlar yanında salgın hastalıklarla mücadele etmiş olan Türkler, yetişmiş insan kaynağını önemli miktarda kaybetmişlerdir. Bu makalede, 1923 yılından 2023 yılına kadar geçen sürede Türkiye nüfusunu etkileyen temel etmenler incelenmiştir. Başlangıçta Türkiye Cumhuriyeti, savaşlarda kaybetmiş olduğu nüfusu yeniden kazanmak amacıyla nüfus artışını teşvik etmiştir. Bu talep, genç ve güçlü devlet olma isteğinin bir sonucu olmuştur. Soğuk Savaş döneminde nüfus artış hızı yüksek olan devletlerin dünyanın geleceği açısından riskli görülmesi, gıda üretiminin artan nüfusu beslemeye yetmeyeceğine dair görüşler, nüfusun kontrol edilmesine yönelik bir kamuoyunun oluşmasına neden olmuştur. Bu durum bir taraftan doğumların kontrol altına alınmasına yönelik çalışmaları artırmış, diğer taraftan planlı kalkınma programlarını ortaya çıkarmıştır. Türkiyede ilk nüfus sayımının 1927de gerçekleştirilmesinden sonra düzenli aralıklarla nüfus sayımı gerçekleştirilmiş ve nüfusun dağılımları ortaya çıkarılmıştır. Nüfus sayım sonuçları, devletin politikalar belirlemesine katkı sağlamıştır. Nihayet bu çalışmada, birincil kaynakların ışığında Cumhuriyet tarihi boyunca devletin nüfusla ilgili politikaları; nüfus artış hızı, kalkınma planları ve doğum kontrolü çerçevesinden değerlendirilmiştir.

Makale detayları

THE POPULATION OF TURKIYE IN THE AXIS OF POPULATION GROWTH, PLANNED DEVELOPMENT AND BIRTH CONTROL (1923-2023)

Yazarlar:

Mustafa Salep

Yayıncı:

Dokuz Eylul University

Ana Başlıklar:

Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Tarihi

Dergi:

Çağdaş Türkiye Tarihi Araştırmaları Dergisi Vol.23 Issue 46, pp.371-423

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

7/2023

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001296875

pISSN:

1300-0756

Population Growth Rate

Planning

Birth Control

MalthusNüfus Artış Hızı

Planlama

Doğum Kontrolü

Malthus

Türkiye Nüfusu

Sayı

Makale detayları

Yazarlar: Mustafa Salep

Yayıncı: Dokuz Eylul University

Ana Başlıklar: Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Tarihi

Dergi: Çağdaş Türkiye Tarihi Araştırmaları Dergisi Vol.23 Issue 46, pp.371-423

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 7/2023

Belge Dili: Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.): 2001296875

pISSN: 1300-0756

Sayı

Yazarlar:

Mustafa Salep

Yayıncı:

Dokuz Eylul University

Ana Başlıklar:

Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Tarihi

Dergi:

Çağdaş Türkiye Tarihi Araştırmaları Dergisi Vol.23 Issue 46, pp.371-423

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

7/2023

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001296875

pISSN:

1300-0756