FRANCE'S DIPLOMATIC APPROACH IN THE GREAT POWERS ARE BEFORE THE BALKAN WAR

Fatma Uygur

Makale detayları

FRANCE'S DIPLOMATIC APPROACH IN THE GREAT POWERS ARE BEFORE THE BALKAN WAR

Yazarlar:

Fatma Uygur

Yayıncı:

Dicle University

Ana Başlıklar:

Yakınçağ Balkan Tarihi

Dergi:

Dicle Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi Issue 36, pp.352-376

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

4/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001321709

pISSN:

1308-6219

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 The movements similar to liberalismnationalism dominating the 19th century started to have a negative impact on the multi-ethnic Ottoman Empire albeit belatedly. Especially, the freedom-based rebellions in the Balkans took on a new phase with the 1877-1878 Ottoman-Russian War. The overlapping or conflicting interests of the Great Powers, namely Russia and Austria, in the region became a significant factor in the fate of the Balkan peoples. Trying to ally even seemingly passive England in the chaotic environment of 1912, France pursued a policy of restraining Russia in the Balkans. On the other hand, while dealing with various troubles internally and externally, the Ottoman Empire aimed to maintain a balance policy on the international stage in order to survive. The Balkan rebellions incited and concocted from outside, which were initially an internal matter of the Ottoman state, turned into an international issue, with the Great Powers entering into competition and power struggle in the name of European harmony. They vigorously, continuously, and sometimes secretly pursued diplomacy as one of the most important tools of this struggle. While debating on maintaining the status quo in the event of a possible war in the Balkans, they decided to adopt a rigid stance on compelling the Ottoman Empire to implement reforms in the region. In this study, the diplomatic activities conducted by the Great Powers, especially France, before the Balkan Wars were evaluated according to French diplomatic documents, and the contemporary French press was also included in the study.

 The movements similar to liberalismnationalism dominating the 19th century started to have a negative impact on the multi-ethnic Ottoman Empire albeit belatedly. Especially, the freedom-based rebellions in the Balkans took on a new phase with the 1877-1878 Ottoman-Russian War. The overlapping or conflicting interests of the Great Powers, namely Russia and Austria, in the region became a significant factor in the fate of the Balkan peoples. Trying to ally even seemingly passive England in the chaotic environment of 1912, France pursued a policy of restraining Russia in the Balkans. On the other hand, while dealing with various troubles internally and externally, the Ottoman Empire aimed to maintain a balance policy on the international stage in order to survive. The Balkan rebellions incited and concocted from outside, which were initially an internal matter of the Ottoman state, turned into an international issue, with the Great Powers entering into competition and power struggle in the name of European harmony. They vigorously, continuously, and sometimes secretly pursued diplomacy as one of the most important tools of this struggle. While debating on maintaining the status quo in the event of a possible war in the Balkans, they decided to adopt a rigid stance on compelling the Ottoman Empire to implement reforms in the region. In this study, the diplomatic activities conducted by the Great Powers, especially France, before the Balkan Wars were evaluated according to French diplomatic documents, and the contemporary French press was also included in the study.

 The movements similar to liberalismnationalism dominating the 19th century started to have a negative impact on the multi-ethnic Ottoman Empire albeit belatedly. Especially, the freedom-based rebellions in the Balkans took on a new phase with the 1877-1878 Ottoman-Russian War. The overlapping or conflicting interests of the Great Powers, namely Russia and Austria, in the region became a significant factor in the fate of the Balkan peoples. Trying to ally even seemingly passive England in the chaotic environment of 1912, France pursued a policy of restraining Russia in the Balkans. On the other hand, while dealing with various troubles internally and externally, the Ottoman Empire aimed to maintain a balance policy on the international stage in order to survive. The Balkan rebellions incited and concocted from outside, which were initially an internal matter of the Ottoman state, turned into an international issue, with the Great Powers entering into competition and power struggle in the name of European harmony. They vigorously, continuously, and sometimes secretly pursued diplomacy as one of the most important tools of this struggle. While debating on maintaining the status quo in the event of a possible war in the Balkans, they decided to adopt a rigid stance on compelling the Ottoman Empire to implement reforms in the region. In this study, the diplomatic activities conducted by the Great Powers, especially France, before the Balkan Wars were evaluated according to French diplomatic documents, and the contemporary French press was also included in the study.

 XIX. yüzyıla hâkim olan liberalizmulusçuluk benzeri akımlar çok uluslu Osmanlı Devleti üzerinde geç de olsa olumsuz etki yapmaya başlamıştır. Özellikle Balkanlarda baş gösteren özgürlükçü isyanlar 1877-1878 Osmanlı-Rus savaşıyla yeni bir safhaya geçmiştir. Büyük güçlerden Rusya ve Avusturyanın bölgede örtüşen veya çatışan menfaatleri Balkan halklarının kaderi üzerinde başlı başına önemli bir faktör olmuştur. 1912de kaotik bir ortamda pasif gibi görünen İngiltereyi de yanına almaya çalışan Fransa Balkanlarda adeta Rusyayı frenleme politikası uygulamıştır. Öte yandan içerde ve dışarda birtakım gailelerle uğraşan Osmanlı Devleti ayakta kalmak için ciddi çabalarken uluslararası zeminde bir denge politikası yürütmeyi hedeflemiştir. Dışardan kışkırtılan ve kotarılan Balkan isyanları Osmanlı devletinin bir iç meselesiyken uluslararası bir hale dönüştüren Büyük Güçler Avrupa uyumu adına rekabet ve güç mücadelesine girmişlerdir. Bu mücadelenin en önemli araçlarından diplomasiyi kendi aralarında hararetle, kesintisiz ve bazen de gizlice sürdürmüşlerdir. Balkanlarda olası savaş durumunda statükoyu koruma tartışması yaparlarken Osmanlıya bölgede reform yaptırma konusunda katı bir tutum izleme kararı almışlardır. Bu çalışmada, başta Fransa olmak üzere büyük güçlerin Balkan Savaşları öncesinde yürüttükleri diplomatik faaliyetler Fransız diplomatik belgelerine göre değerlendirilmiştir ve dönemin Fransız matbuatı da çalışmaya dâhil edilmiştir.

Makale detayları

FRANCE'S DIPLOMATIC APPROACH IN THE GREAT POWERS ARE BEFORE THE BALKAN WAR

Yazarlar:

Fatma Uygur

Yayıncı:

Dicle University

Ana Başlıklar:

Yakınçağ Balkan Tarihi

Dergi:

Dicle Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi Issue 36, pp.352-376

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

4/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001321709

pISSN:

1308-6219

Balkans

European concert

Status quo

FranceBalkanlar

Avrupa Uyumu

Statüko

Fransa

Sayı

Makale detayları

Yazarlar: Fatma Uygur

Yayıncı: Dicle University

Ana Başlıklar: Yakınçağ Balkan Tarihi

Dergi: Dicle Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi Issue 36, pp.352-376

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 4/2024

Belge Dili: Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.): 2001321709

pISSN: 1308-6219

Sayı

Yazarlar:

Fatma Uygur

Yayıncı:

Dicle University

Ana Başlıklar:

Yakınçağ Balkan Tarihi

Dergi:

Dicle Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi Issue 36, pp.352-376

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

4/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001321709

pISSN:

1308-6219