Aqra‘ b. Hâbis’s Life, Personality and Role in Islamic History

Emin Tahsin Bilgin; İhsan Arslan

Makale detayları

Aqra‘ b. Hâbis’s Life, Personality and Role in Islamic History

Yazarlar:

Emin Tahsin Bilgin | İhsan Arslan

Yayıncı:

Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University

Ana Başlıklar:

İslam Araştırmaları (Diğer)

Dergi:

Rize İlahiyat Dergisi Issue 26, pp.119-131

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

4/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001315476

pISSN:

2980-0331

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 Aqra who was the leader of the Temīm tribe, one of the Adnānite tribes, at the end of the Jāhiliyyah period and the beginning of Islamic spread, was a Zoroastrian before he became a Muslim. He had some physical disadvantages, such as being bald and lame, which made him a subject of ridicule from time to time. Being a tribal leader and trustworthy, he served as an arbitrator between people in various places, especially at the Ukâz fair. He participated in the battles of Kulâb and Zubāla, which took place between the tribes during the Jāhiliyyah period. He himself played an active role in the battle of Zubaila, was captured and released on parole a diet. He became a Muslim shortly before the conquest of Mecca. He accepted Islam after consultations with his friends; he did not give up on this decision throughout his life and was instrumental in his tribe being honored with Islam. At that time, the practice of muallafa al-qulûb was implemented to warm hearts of new Muslims to religion. Aqra was included in the scope of muellefe al-kulūb and received a share of spoils in this context. Thanks to this practice, Aqra, who received a share from the spoils of Hunayn during Prophets reign and a piece of gold sent from Yemen by Ali, also benefited from the aids given to the muellefe al-kulūb during the reign of Abu Bakr. Like every other new Muslim in that period when Islam was beginning to flourish, he became the reason for the revelation of some verses and the reason for some hadiths with his outbursts on issues he did not know and could not make sense of. When these matters are considered, his behavior in the mosque when he came to Medina with the delegation of Tamīm to take back captives, his reaction when he saw the Prophet playing with grandson, his questioning about how many times the Hajj should be performed, and his urination in the mosque are among the noteworthy issues. Aqra, whose military characteristics and activities are not detailed in the sources, participated in the conquest of Mecca, Hunayn and Tāif with the Messenger Allah. He participated in the conquests of Anbâr and Dûmetaljandel during the reign of Abu Bakr. He commanded the vanguard force that went to Anbar on the orders of Khalid b. Walid. In Dûmetaljandel, he succeeded in capturing Wadîa. At the end of this battle, he and some members of the army asked Khalid not to kill the Temīmīs in the army of Dūmetaljandel. Some historical sources have stated that Aqra died with his ten sons in the battle of Yarmouk, which took place during the reign of Umar. This claim made difficult to determine his activities during this period and no significant activity of his during the reign of Umar could be identified. When we look at his activities during the reign of Uthman, we see that he was assigned by Governor Ahnaf to the conquest of Jūzjān within the scope of Tohāristan conquests. Aqra went to Jūzjān with military unit under his command and conquered the city. Not only was Jūzjān easily conquered place for Muslims, but it was also the only place that Aqra conquered as commander. Aqra, conqueror of Jūzjan, died a year after this conquest.

 Aqra who was the leader of the Temīm tribe, one of the Adnānite tribes, at the end of the Jāhiliyyah period and the beginning of Islamic spread, was a Zoroastrian before he became a Muslim. He had some physical disadvantages, such as being bald and lame, which made him a subject of ridicule from time to time. Being a tribal leader and trustworthy, he served as an arbitrator between people in various places, especially at the Ukâz fair. He participated in the battles of Kulâb and Zubāla, which took place between the tribes during the Jāhiliyyah period. He himself played an active role in the battle of Zubaila, was captured and released on parole a diet. He became a Muslim shortly before the conquest of Mecca. He accepted Islam after consultations with his friends; he did not give up on this decision throughout his life and was instrumental in his tribe being honored with Islam. At that time, the practice of muallafa al-qulûb was implemented to warm hearts of new Muslims to religion. Aqra was included in the scope of muellefe al-kulūb and received a share of spoils in this context. Thanks to this practice, Aqra, who received a share from the spoils of Hunayn during Prophets reign and a piece of gold sent from Yemen by Ali, also benefited from the aids given to the muellefe al-kulūb during the reign of Abu Bakr. Like every other new Muslim in that period when Islam was beginning to flourish, he became the reason for the revelation of some verses and the reason for some hadiths with his outbursts on issues he did not know and could not make sense of. When these matters are considered, his behavior in the mosque when he came to Medina with the delegation of Tamīm to take back captives, his reaction when he saw the Prophet playing with grandson, his questioning about how many times the Hajj should be performed, and his urination in the mosque are among the noteworthy issues. Aqra, whose military characteristics and activities are not detailed in the sources, participated in the conquest of Mecca, Hunayn and Tāif with the Messenger Allah. He participated in the conquests of Anbâr and Dûmetaljandel during the reign of Abu Bakr. He commanded the vanguard force that went to Anbar on the orders of Khalid b. Walid. In Dûmetaljandel, he succeeded in capturing Wadîa. At the end of this battle, he and some members of the army asked Khalid not to kill the Temīmīs in the army of Dūmetaljandel. Some historical sources have stated that Aqra died with his ten sons in the battle of Yarmouk, which took place during the reign of Umar. This claim made difficult to determine his activities during this period and no significant activity of his during the reign of Umar could be identified. When we look at his activities during the reign of Uthman, we see that he was assigned by Governor Ahnaf to the conquest of Jūzjān within the scope of Tohāristan conquests. Aqra went to Jūzjān with military unit under his command and conquered the city. Not only was Jūzjān easily conquered place for Muslims, but it was also the only place that Aqra conquered as commander. Aqra, conqueror of Jūzjan, died a year after this conquest.

 Aqra who was the leader of the Temīm tribe, one of the Adnānite tribes, at the end of the Jāhiliyyah period and the beginning of Islamic spread, was a Zoroastrian before he became a Muslim. He had some physical disadvantages, such as being bald and lame, which made him a subject of ridicule from time to time. Being a tribal leader and trustworthy, he served as an arbitrator between people in various places, especially at the Ukâz fair. He participated in the battles of Kulâb and Zubāla, which took place between the tribes during the Jāhiliyyah period. He himself played an active role in the battle of Zubaila, was captured and released on parole a diet. He became a Muslim shortly before the conquest of Mecca. He accepted Islam after consultations with his friends; he did not give up on this decision throughout his life and was instrumental in his tribe being honored with Islam. At that time, the practice of muallafa al-qulûb was implemented to warm hearts of new Muslims to religion. Aqra was included in the scope of muellefe al-kulūb and received a share of spoils in this context. Thanks to this practice, Aqra, who received a share from the spoils of Hunayn during Prophets reign and a piece of gold sent from Yemen by Ali, also benefited from the aids given to the muellefe al-kulūb during the reign of Abu Bakr. Like every other new Muslim in that period when Islam was beginning to flourish, he became the reason for the revelation of some verses and the reason for some hadiths with his outbursts on issues he did not know and could not make sense of. When these matters are considered, his behavior in the mosque when he came to Medina with the delegation of Tamīm to take back captives, his reaction when he saw the Prophet playing with grandson, his questioning about how many times the Hajj should be performed, and his urination in the mosque are among the noteworthy issues. Aqra, whose military characteristics and activities are not detailed in the sources, participated in the conquest of Mecca, Hunayn and Tāif with the Messenger Allah. He participated in the conquests of Anbâr and Dûmetaljandel during the reign of Abu Bakr. He commanded the vanguard force that went to Anbar on the orders of Khalid b. Walid. In Dûmetaljandel, he succeeded in capturing Wadîa. At the end of this battle, he and some members of the army asked Khalid not to kill the Temīmīs in the army of Dūmetaljandel. Some historical sources have stated that Aqra died with his ten sons in the battle of Yarmouk, which took place during the reign of Umar. This claim made difficult to determine his activities during this period and no significant activity of his during the reign of Umar could be identified. When we look at his activities during the reign of Uthman, we see that he was assigned by Governor Ahnaf to the conquest of Jūzjān within the scope of Tohāristan conquests. Aqra went to Jūzjān with military unit under his command and conquered the city. Not only was Jūzjān easily conquered place for Muslims, but it was also the only place that Aqra conquered as commander. Aqra, conqueror of Jūzjan, died a year after this conquest.

 Câhiliye devrinin son bulup İslâmiyetin yayılmaya başladığı dönemde Adnânî kabilelerden Temîm kabilesinin lideri olan Akra b. Hâbis, Müslüman olmadan önce bir Mecûsîydi. Kendisi fiziki olarak zaman zaman alay konusu olan kel ve topal olmak gibi birtakım dezavantajlara sahipti. Kabile lideri olması ve güvenilirliği nedeniyle Ukâz panayırı başta olmak üzere çeşitli yerlerde insanlar arasında hakemlik görevini üstlenmiştir. O, Câhiliye döneminde kabileler arasında vuku bulan Yevm Külâb ve Yevm Zübâle savaşlarına katılmıştır. Yevm Zübâle savaşında kendisi aktif rol oynamış, esir düşmüş ve diyetle serbest kalmıştır. Mekkenin fethinden kısa bir süre önce Müslüman olmuştur. Arkadaşlarıyla yaptığı iştişareler sonucunda İslâmiyeti kabul etmiş; hayatı boyunca bu kararından vazgeçmemiş ve kabilesinin de İslâm ile şereflenmesine vesile olmuştur. O dönemde yeni Müslüman olanların kalplerini dine ısındırmak amacıyla müellefe-i kulûb uygulaması hayata geçirilmişti. Akra b. Hâbis de müellefe-i kulûb kapsamına dâhil edilmiş ve bu kapsamda ganimetlerden pay almıştır. Bu uygulama sayesinde Hz. Peygamber döneminde Huneyn ganimetlerinden ve Hz. Alinin Yemenden gönderdiği altın parçacığından pay alan Akra b. Hâbis, Hz. Ebû Bekir döneminde de müellefe-i kulûba yapılan yardımlardan faydalanmıştır. İslâmiyetin yeşermeye başladığı o dönemde her yeni Müslüman gibi o da bilmediği, anlam veremediği konularda yaptığı çıkışlarla bazı âyetlerin nüzûl sebebi, bazı hadislerin bizzat sebeb-i vürûdu olmuştur. Bu meselelere bakıldığında esirleri geri almak için Temîm heyetiyle Medineye geldiğinde mescitteki tavrı, Hz. Peygamberi torunuyla oynarken gördüğünde şaşkınlığını gizleyemeyerek verdiği tepki, haccın kaç defa yapılacağı ile alakalı soru sorması, mescitte bevletmesi gibi durumlar kayda değer konulardandır. Kaynaklarda askerî özellikleri ve faaliyetleri ile alakalı ayrıntılı bilgi bulunmayan Akra b. Hâbis, Resûlullah ile Mekkenin fethine, Huneyn ve Tâif gazvelerine katılmıştır. Hz. Ebû Bekir döneminde Enbâr ve Dûmetülcendel fetihlerinde bulunmuştur. Hâlid b. Velîdin emriyle Enbâra giden öncü kuvvete komuta etmiştir. Dûmetülcendelde ise Vedîa b. Kelbîyi esir alma başarısını göstermiştir. Bu savaş sonucunda ordudan bazı kişilerle beraber Hâlid b. Velîdden, Dûmetülcendel ordusundaki Temîmlileri öldürmemesi konusunda talepte bulunmuştur. Bazı tarihî kaynaklar Hz. Ömer döneminde gerçekleşen Yermük savaşında Akra b. Hâbisin on oğluyla birlikte öldüğünü ifade etmişlerdir. Bu iddia onun bu dönemdeki faaliyetlerinin tespitini zorlaştırmış ve Hz. Ömer döneminde kayda değer bir faaliyeti tespit edilememiştir. Hz. Osman dönemindeki faaliyetlerine bakıldığında ise Vali Ahnef b. Kays tarafından Tohâristan fetihleri kapsamında Cûzcânın fethiyle görevlendirildiği görülmektedir. Emrine verilen askerî birlikle Cûzcâna giden Akra b. Hâbis şehri fethetmiştir. Cûzcân, Müslümanlar açısından kolaylıkla fethedilen bir yer olduğu gibi Akra b. Hâbisin de komutan olarak fethettiği tek yer olmuştur. Cûzcân fatihi olan Akra b. Hâbis bu fetihten sonraki bir yıllık süre içerisinde vefat etmiştir.

Makale detayları

Aqra‘ b. Hâbis’s Life, Personality and Role in Islamic History

Yazarlar:

Emin Tahsin Bilgin | İhsan Arslan

Yayıncı:

Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University

Ana Başlıklar:

İslam Araştırmaları (Diğer)

Dergi:

Rize İlahiyat Dergisi Issue 26, pp.119-131

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

4/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001315476

pISSN:

2980-0331

Islamic history

Hz. Prophet

Aqra

Tamīm

Jāhiliyyahİslâm tarihi

Hz. Peygamber

Akra‘ b. Hâbis

Temîm

Câhiliye

Sayı

Makale detayları

Yazarlar: Emin Tahsin Bilgin | İhsan Arslan

Yayıncı: Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University

Ana Başlıklar: İslam Araştırmaları (Diğer)

Dergi: Rize İlahiyat Dergisi Issue 26, pp.119-131

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 4/2024

Belge Dili: Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.): 2001315476

pISSN: 2980-0331

Sayı

Yazarlar:

Emin Tahsin Bilgin | İhsan Arslan

Yayıncı:

Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University

Ana Başlıklar:

İslam Araştırmaları (Diğer)

Dergi:

Rize İlahiyat Dergisi Issue 26, pp.119-131

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

4/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001315476

pISSN:

2980-0331