The Impact of Tectonism and Climate Controlled Processes on the Morphology of Volcanic Structures: Geomorphic Characteristics of Craters in the Aras Mountains Volcanic Mountain Belt (Eastern Anatolia)

Yahya Öztürk; Halil Zorer

Makale detayları

The Impact of Tectonism and Climate Controlled Processes on the Morphology of Volcanic Structures: Geomorphic Characteristics of Craters in the Aras Mountains Volcanic Mountain Belt (Eastern Anatolia)

Yazarlar:

Yahya Öztürk | Halil Zorer

Yayıncı:

Ataturk University

Ana Başlıklar:

Türkiye Fiziki Coğrafyası

Dergi:

Doğu Coğrafya Dergisi Vol.29 Issue 52, pp.118-136

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

12/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001336608

pISSN:

1302-7956

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 The Aras Mountains cover about 50 km of the volcanic relief between the Pamuk and Durak Mountains, controlled by the Iğdır, Doğubayazıt and Balıkgöl fault zones. The orographic roof of the NW-SE axis volcanic mountain belt consists of a series of stratovolcanoes. To the north of the Aras Mountains are the Tuzluca and Iğdır pull-apart basins and to the south is a belt of tectonic depressions including the Ombulak Basin, Balıkgöl Basin, Balıkgöl Creek fluvio-tectonic trough and the Doğubayazıt Basin. All of these depressions are the remnants of the palaeo-Ağrı Basin and the Aras Mountains have evolved geomorphically by volcanism due to opening cracks in this depression system. Within this regional deformation system, parasitic cones, which formed as independent central eruptions and flank eruptions, resulted in the development of typical craters in the Aras Mountains. Fourteen distinctive crater structures have been identified on the mountain range and they are largely the topographical results of acidic lava eruptions or basaltic pyroclastic outflows. In this study, it was aimed to make a morphological descriptionclassification of the crater structures and to reveal the effect of different geologic-geomorphologic processes on crater morphology. For this purpose, crater systems were handled individually, and 3D views, swath profiles and red relief maps of the craters were produced using digital elevation models. While the results show that fluvial processes are effective on the morphology of all craters, palaeowinds affect the geomorphic texture of two craters, glacial processes affect three craters, tectonism affects seven craters and in-crater secondary volcanism affects three craters. Thus, due to these processes all craters lack the closed bowl feature. These parameters show that deformed crater structures are among the substantial geomorphic sources in understanding the changing natural environment conditions.

 The Aras Mountains cover about 50 km of the volcanic relief between the Pamuk and Durak Mountains, controlled by the Iğdır, Doğubayazıt and Balıkgöl fault zones. The orographic roof of the NW-SE axis volcanic mountain belt consists of a series of stratovolcanoes. To the north of the Aras Mountains are the Tuzluca and Iğdır pull-apart basins and to the south is a belt of tectonic depressions including the Ombulak Basin, Balıkgöl Basin, Balıkgöl Creek fluvio-tectonic trough and the Doğubayazıt Basin. All of these depressions are the remnants of the palaeo-Ağrı Basin and the Aras Mountains have evolved geomorphically by volcanism due to opening cracks in this depression system. Within this regional deformation system, parasitic cones, which formed as independent central eruptions and flank eruptions, resulted in the development of typical craters in the Aras Mountains. Fourteen distinctive crater structures have been identified on the mountain range and they are largely the topographical results of acidic lava eruptions or basaltic pyroclastic outflows. In this study, it was aimed to make a morphological descriptionclassification of the crater structures and to reveal the effect of different geologic-geomorphologic processes on crater morphology. For this purpose, crater systems were handled individually, and 3D views, swath profiles and red relief maps of the craters were produced using digital elevation models. While the results show that fluvial processes are effective on the morphology of all craters, palaeowinds affect the geomorphic texture of two craters, glacial processes affect three craters, tectonism affects seven craters and in-crater secondary volcanism affects three craters. Thus, due to these processes all craters lack the closed bowl feature. These parameters show that deformed crater structures are among the substantial geomorphic sources in understanding the changing natural environment conditions.

 The Aras Mountains cover about 50 km of the volcanic relief between the Pamuk and Durak Mountains, controlled by the Iğdır, Doğubayazıt and Balıkgöl fault zones. The orographic roof of the NW-SE axis volcanic mountain belt consists of a series of stratovolcanoes. To the north of the Aras Mountains are the Tuzluca and Iğdır pull-apart basins and to the south is a belt of tectonic depressions including the Ombulak Basin, Balıkgöl Basin, Balıkgöl Creek fluvio-tectonic trough and the Doğubayazıt Basin. All of these depressions are the remnants of the palaeo-Ağrı Basin and the Aras Mountains have evolved geomorphically by volcanism due to opening cracks in this depression system. Within this regional deformation system, parasitic cones, which formed as independent central eruptions and flank eruptions, resulted in the development of typical craters in the Aras Mountains. Fourteen distinctive crater structures have been identified on the mountain range and they are largely the topographical results of acidic lava eruptions or basaltic pyroclastic outflows. In this study, it was aimed to make a morphological descriptionclassification of the crater structures and to reveal the effect of different geologic-geomorphologic processes on crater morphology. For this purpose, crater systems were handled individually, and 3D views, swath profiles and red relief maps of the craters were produced using digital elevation models. While the results show that fluvial processes are effective on the morphology of all craters, palaeowinds affect the geomorphic texture of two craters, glacial processes affect three craters, tectonism affects seven craters and in-crater secondary volcanism affects three craters. Thus, due to these processes all craters lack the closed bowl feature. These parameters show that deformed crater structures are among the substantial geomorphic sources in understanding the changing natural environment conditions.

 Aras Dağları Iğdır, Doğubayazıt ve Balıkgöl fay zonları tarafından denetlenen Pliyo-Kuvaterner Pamuk ve Durak dağları arasında 50 km uzunluğundaki volkanik rölyefi kapsamaktadır. BKB-DGD eksenli dağ kuşağının orografik çatısı stratovolkanlardan oluşan bir silsileden oluşur. Aras Dağlarının kuzeyinde Tuzluca-Iğdır çek-ayır havzaları; güneyinde ise Ombulak Havzası, Balıkgöl Havzası, Balıkgöl Deresi flüvyo-tektonik oluğu ve Doğubeyazıt Havzası gibi depresyonların sıralandığı tektonik kuşak bulunmaktadır. Bu depresyonlar paleo-Ağrı Havzasının kalıntılarıdır ve Aras Dağları, bu depresyon sisteminde açılma çatlaklarına bağlı volkanizmayla gelişmiştir. Açılma çatlağının morfojenezi, KB-GD eksenli Serdarabat-Nahcivan fayı ile Balıkgöl-Siyahçeşme-Hoy fayları arasındaki aralı-aşmalı sekmelerle denetlenmiştir. Bu bölgesel deformasyon sistemi dahilinde birbirinden bağımsız merkezi püskürmeler ve kanat erüpsiyonları şeklinde gelişen parazit koniler, Aras Dağlarında tipik kraterlerin gelişimiyle sonuçlanmıştır. Silsile üzerinde büyüklük ve morfolojik olarak farklı ondört belirgin krater yapısı belirlenmiş ve bunların ortaçasidik lav erüpsiyonlarının ya da bazaltik piroklastik çıkışların topoğrafik sonuçları oldukları tespit edilmiştir. Bu çalışmada, krater yapılarının morfolojik tanıtımınısınıflandırmasını yapmak ve krater morfolojisi üzerinde etkili olan krater içi ikincil volkanizma, tektonizma, paleorüzgarlar, akarsu ve buzullaşma gibi süreçlerin etkisini ortaya koymak amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda krater sistemleri tek tek ele alınmış, sayısal yükseklik modelleri kullanılarak kraterlerin 3D görünümleri, swath profilleri, kırmızı rölyef haritaları üretilmiştir. Çalışmada derlenen veriler tüm kraterlerin morfolojileri üzerinde flüvyal süreçlerin etkili olduğunu gösterirken, paleo-rüzgarların iki, glasyal süreçlerin üç, tektonizmanın faylanma yedi, krater içi ikincil volkanizmanın ise üç kraterin jeomorfik dokusuna etki ettiği anlaşılmıştır. Morfolojik yapıyı etkileyen bu süreçlerden dolayı tüm kraterler kapalı çanak özelliğinden yoksundur. Bu parametreler, deforme olmuş krater yapılarının değişken doğal ortam koşullarını anlamada önemli jeomorfik referans kaynaklarından biri olduğunu göstermektedir.

Makale detayları

The Impact of Tectonism and Climate Controlled Processes on the Morphology of Volcanic Structures: Geomorphic Characteristics of Craters in the Aras Mountains Volcanic Mountain Belt (Eastern Anatolia)

Yazarlar:

Yahya Öztürk | Halil Zorer

Yayıncı:

Ataturk University

Ana Başlıklar:

Türkiye Fiziki Coğrafyası

Dergi:

Doğu Coğrafya Dergisi Vol.29 Issue 52, pp.118-136

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

12/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001336608

pISSN:

1302-7956

Crater geomorphology

volcanism

Aras MountainsKrater morfolojisi

volkanizma

Aras Dağları

Sayı

Makale detayları

The Impact of Tectonism and Climate Controlled Processes on the Morphology of Volcanic Structures: Geomorphic Characteristics of Craters in the Aras Mountains Volcanic Mountain Belt (Eastern Anatolia)

Yazarlar: Yahya Öztürk | Halil Zorer

Yayıncı: Ataturk University

Ana Başlıklar: Türkiye Fiziki Coğrafyası

Dergi: Doğu Coğrafya Dergisi Vol.29 Issue 52, pp.118-136

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 12/2024

Belge Dili: Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.): 2001336608

pISSN: 1302-7956

Crater geomorphology

volcanism

Aras MountainsKrater morfolojisi

volkanizma

Aras Dağları

Sayı

Yazarlar:

Yahya Öztürk | Halil Zorer

Yayıncı:

Ataturk University

Ana Başlıklar:

Türkiye Fiziki Coğrafyası

Dergi:

Doğu Coğrafya Dergisi Vol.29 Issue 52, pp.118-136

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

12/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001336608

pISSN:

1302-7956