How the U.S. Press Perceived the Proclamation of the Republic in Türkiye?

Mehmet Okur

Makale detayları

How the U.S. Press Perceived the Proclamation of the Republic in Türkiye?

Yazarlar:

Mehmet Okur

Yayıncı:

Selcuk University

Ana Başlıklar:

Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Tarihi

Dergi:

Selçuk Üniversitesi Türkiyat Araştırmaları Dergisi Issue 59 Cumhuriyet’in 100. Yılı Özel Sayısı, pp.361-385

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

10/2023

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001301641

pISSN:

1300-5766

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 The concept of popular sovereignty, which was emphasized both in the congresses period and in the Grand National Assembly during the National Struggle, was actually a sign of the process that would turn into the Republic after the great victory. The idea of the Republic, however, was not mentioned in that period as the integrity of the homeland and the national independence were prioritized. Thus, Anatolian movement could be limited to the concept of national sovereignty until the proclamation of the Republic. That period, which was followed closely by many countries, was also observed by United States of America which emerged as a great power. U.S press released foundation process of the Republic of Türkiye together with the other developments in Anatolia to American public with various comments. Throughout that period, the figure whose name most remained on the agenda in the domestic and foreign public opinion regarding Türkiye was Mustafa Kemal Pasha the founding father of the new regime. In the beginning, while he did not use the word Republic in his statements to U.S press about Ankara government, he stood aloof from this regime and carried out the cautious policy followed before the proclamation of the Republic. On the other hand, while Entente Powers was putting forward the danger of Bolshevism for National Struggle movement, warning statements from Ankara that kept this danger alive were reflected in newspaper columns. The proclamation of the Republic in October 1923 and naming the regime officially were interpreted in American newspapers with praise and sometimes with the concern that Türkiye might be an authoritarian regime and Mustafa Kemal became the prominent figure in the news.

 The concept of popular sovereignty, which was emphasized both in the congresses period and in the Grand National Assembly during the National Struggle, was actually a sign of the process that would turn into the Republic after the great victory. The idea of the Republic, however, was not mentioned in that period as the integrity of the homeland and the national independence were prioritized. Thus, Anatolian movement could be limited to the concept of national sovereignty until the proclamation of the Republic. That period, which was followed closely by many countries, was also observed by United States of America which emerged as a great power. U.S press released foundation process of the Republic of Türkiye together with the other developments in Anatolia to American public with various comments. Throughout that period, the figure whose name most remained on the agenda in the domestic and foreign public opinion regarding Türkiye was Mustafa Kemal Pasha the founding father of the new regime. In the beginning, while he did not use the word Republic in his statements to U.S press about Ankara government, he stood aloof from this regime and carried out the cautious policy followed before the proclamation of the Republic. On the other hand, while Entente Powers was putting forward the danger of Bolshevism for National Struggle movement, warning statements from Ankara that kept this danger alive were reflected in newspaper columns. The proclamation of the Republic in October 1923 and naming the regime officially were interpreted in American newspapers with praise and sometimes with the concern that Türkiye might be an authoritarian regime and Mustafa Kemal became the prominent figure in the news.

 The concept of popular sovereignty, which was emphasized both in the congresses period and in the Grand National Assembly during the National Struggle, was actually a sign of the process that would turn into the Republic after the great victory. The idea of the Republic, however, was not mentioned in that period as the integrity of the homeland and the national independence were prioritized. Thus, Anatolian movement could be limited to the concept of national sovereignty until the proclamation of the Republic. That period, which was followed closely by many countries, was also observed by United States of America which emerged as a great power. U.S press released foundation process of the Republic of Türkiye together with the other developments in Anatolia to American public with various comments. Throughout that period, the figure whose name most remained on the agenda in the domestic and foreign public opinion regarding Türkiye was Mustafa Kemal Pasha the founding father of the new regime. In the beginning, while he did not use the word Republic in his statements to U.S press about Ankara government, he stood aloof from this regime and carried out the cautious policy followed before the proclamation of the Republic. On the other hand, while Entente Powers was putting forward the danger of Bolshevism for National Struggle movement, warning statements from Ankara that kept this danger alive were reflected in newspaper columns. The proclamation of the Republic in October 1923 and naming the regime officially were interpreted in American newspapers with praise and sometimes with the concern that Türkiye might be an authoritarian regime and Mustafa Kemal became the prominent figure in the news.

 Millî Mücadele döneminde gerek kongreler gerekse Büyük Millet Meclisinde vurgulanan halk egemenliği kavramı esasında büyük zaferin ardından Cumhuriyete doğru evrilecek sürecin bir nevi habercisi olmuştur. Ancak vatanın bütünlüğü ve milletin bağımsızlığının ön planda olduğu bu dönemde Cumhuriyet düşüncesi zikredilmemiş, Cumhuriyetin ilanına kadar Anadolu hareketinin mahiyeti ancak milli egemenlik kavramıyla sınırlı kalabilmiştir. Dış dünya tarafından yakından takip edilen bu dönem büyük bir güç olarak ortaya çıkan Amerika Birleşik Devletlerindeki basın tarafından da izlenmiş, Anadoludaki gelişmelerle birlikte yeni Türkiye Cumhuriyetinin kuruluş süreci çeşitli haber ve yorumlarla Amerikan kamuoyuna aktarılmıştır. Cumhuriyete doğru ilerleyen bu dönem boyunca Türkiye konusunda iç ve dış kamuoyunda ismi en çok gündemde olan kişi ise yeni rejimin mimarı olan Mustafa Kemal Paşa olmuştur. Başlarda kendisi Ankara hükümeti ile ilgili ABD basınına yansıyan açıklamalarında Cumhuriyet ifadesini kullanmazken, bu yönetim şekline mesafeli bir pozisyon almış ve Cumhuriyetin ilanı öncesinde izlenen temkinli politikayı bizzat yürütmüştür. Öte yandan Millî Mücadele hareketinin Bolşevizme kayma tehlikesi bu dönemde İtilaf Devletleri tarafından dile getirilirken, Ankaradan iletilen ve bu tehlikeyi canlı tutan uyarı niteliğindeki açıklamalar gazete sütunlarında yer bulmuştur. Ekim 1923te Cumhuriyetin ilan edilerek rejimin adının resmen konulması Amerikan gazetelerinde yer yer övgü, yer yer de otoriter bir rejime gidiş endişesiyle yorumlanmış, Mustafa Kemal ise söz konusu haberlerde öne çıkan isim olmuştur.

Makale detayları

How the U.S. Press Perceived the Proclamation of the Republic in Türkiye?

Yazarlar:

Mehmet Okur

Yayıncı:

Selcuk University

Ana Başlıklar:

Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Tarihi

Dergi:

Selçuk Üniversitesi Türkiyat Araştırmaları Dergisi Issue 59 Cumhuriyet’in 100. Yılı Özel Sayısı, pp.361-385

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

10/2023

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001301641

pISSN:

1300-5766

The U.S. Press

Türkiye

Republic

Mustafa Kemal.ABD Basını

Türkiye

Cumhuriyet

Mustafa Kemal.

Sayı

Makale detayları

Yazarlar: Mehmet Okur

Yayıncı: Selcuk University

Ana Başlıklar: Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Tarihi

Dergi: Selçuk Üniversitesi Türkiyat Araştırmaları Dergisi Issue 59 Cumhuriyet’in 100. Yılı Özel Sayısı, pp.361-385

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 10/2023

Belge Dili: Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.): 2001301641

pISSN: 1300-5766

Sayı

Yazarlar:

Mehmet Okur

Yayıncı:

Selcuk University

Ana Başlıklar:

Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Tarihi

Dergi:

Selçuk Üniversitesi Türkiyat Araştırmaları Dergisi Issue 59 Cumhuriyet’in 100. Yılı Özel Sayısı, pp.361-385

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

10/2023

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001301641

pISSN:

1300-5766