The Attribution of Evil: An Evaluation in the Context of the Ostensibly Contradictory Verses 78-79 of Surah An-Nisa

Ali Rıza Güneş

Makale detayları

The Attribution of Evil: An Evaluation in the Context of the Ostensibly Contradictory Verses 78-79 of Surah An-Nisa

Yazarlar:

Ali Rıza Güneş

Yayıncı:

Bingol University

Ana Başlıklar:

Tefsir

Dergi:

Bingöl Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi Issue 24, pp.117-138

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

12/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001332664

pISSN:

2687-5128

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 This article aims to examine whether there is a contradiction between verses 78 and 79 of Surah An-Nisa. Additionally, it aims to identify to whom the attribution of evil within the scope of these verses is directed. According to one group of commentators, verse 78 indicates that both good and evil originate from Allah. They also believe that this is reinforced in verse 79. Conversely, another group of commentators argues that while verse 78 affirms that both good and evil come from Allah, verse 79 attributes the cause of evil to human actions. Proponents of this view support their stance with other verses, suggesting that while Allah decrees evil, the responsibility for this decree lies with humans. In addition, this article incorporates insights from philosophy and theology to strengthen the argument that the source of evil is human. Atheist thought often posits that there is a significant amount of evil in the world. In contrast, the Quran and theistic perspectives generally assert that goodness predominates in the universe and in life. According to both the Quran and these disciplines, goodness largely prevails in the universe and in life, while evil is minimal, incidental, and relative. This wisdom endows humans with the flexibility to view life relativistically. The existence of evil is only meaningful if one believes in an afterlife where every act will be accounted for. Otherwise, providing a rational explanation for the presence of evil within the scope of the world remains challenging. This issue is resolved by attributing evil to humans, while acknowledging that the decree of evil comes from Allah. Thus, verses 78-79 of Surah An-Nisa can be understood in this manner without any inherent contradiction. The apparent contradiction in the relevant verses arises not from a real contradiction but from a perceived one. In other words, the appearance of contradiction in the relevant verses stems from human perception rather than from a Quranic fact.

 This article aims to examine whether there is a contradiction between verses 78 and 79 of Surah An-Nisa. Additionally, it aims to identify to whom the attribution of evil within the scope of these verses is directed. According to one group of commentators, verse 78 indicates that both good and evil originate from Allah. They also believe that this is reinforced in verse 79. Conversely, another group of commentators argues that while verse 78 affirms that both good and evil come from Allah, verse 79 attributes the cause of evil to human actions. Proponents of this view support their stance with other verses, suggesting that while Allah decrees evil, the responsibility for this decree lies with humans. In addition, this article incorporates insights from philosophy and theology to strengthen the argument that the source of evil is human. Atheist thought often posits that there is a significant amount of evil in the world. In contrast, the Quran and theistic perspectives generally assert that goodness predominates in the universe and in life. According to both the Quran and these disciplines, goodness largely prevails in the universe and in life, while evil is minimal, incidental, and relative. This wisdom endows humans with the flexibility to view life relativistically. The existence of evil is only meaningful if one believes in an afterlife where every act will be accounted for. Otherwise, providing a rational explanation for the presence of evil within the scope of the world remains challenging. This issue is resolved by attributing evil to humans, while acknowledging that the decree of evil comes from Allah. Thus, verses 78-79 of Surah An-Nisa can be understood in this manner without any inherent contradiction. The apparent contradiction in the relevant verses arises not from a real contradiction but from a perceived one. In other words, the appearance of contradiction in the relevant verses stems from human perception rather than from a Quranic fact.

 This article aims to examine whether there is a contradiction between verses 78 and 79 of Surah An-Nisa. Additionally, it aims to identify to whom the attribution of evil within the scope of these verses is directed. According to one group of commentators, verse 78 indicates that both good and evil originate from Allah. They also believe that this is reinforced in verse 79. Conversely, another group of commentators argues that while verse 78 affirms that both good and evil come from Allah, verse 79 attributes the cause of evil to human actions. Proponents of this view support their stance with other verses, suggesting that while Allah decrees evil, the responsibility for this decree lies with humans. In addition, this article incorporates insights from philosophy and theology to strengthen the argument that the source of evil is human. Atheist thought often posits that there is a significant amount of evil in the world. In contrast, the Quran and theistic perspectives generally assert that goodness predominates in the universe and in life. According to both the Quran and these disciplines, goodness largely prevails in the universe and in life, while evil is minimal, incidental, and relative. This wisdom endows humans with the flexibility to view life relativistically. The existence of evil is only meaningful if one believes in an afterlife where every act will be accounted for. Otherwise, providing a rational explanation for the presence of evil within the scope of the world remains challenging. This issue is resolved by attributing evil to humans, while acknowledging that the decree of evil comes from Allah. Thus, verses 78-79 of Surah An-Nisa can be understood in this manner without any inherent contradiction. The apparent contradiction in the relevant verses arises not from a real contradiction but from a perceived one. In other words, the appearance of contradiction in the relevant verses stems from human perception rather than from a Quranic fact.

 Bu makalenin amacı, Nisâ 78-79. âyetler arasında bir çelişkinin bulunup bulunmadığını incelemektir. Ayrıca bu âyetler kapsamında ana konuyla doğrudan alakalı olan kötülüğün nispetinin kime yapılacağını ortaya koymak amaçlanmaktadır. Bir grup müfessire göre, 78. âyette geçen iyiliğin ve kötülüğün her ikisi de Allahtandır. Bu müfessirler, 79. âyette de bunun tekrarlandığını düşünmektedir. Başka bir müfessir grubuna göreyse 78. âyette iyiliğin ve kötülüğün her ikisi, Allahtandır. Fakat 79. âyet, kötülüğün sebebini insana bağlamaktadır. Bu düşüncedekiler, kötülüğün takdirinin Allaha, bu takdirin sebebininse insana ait olduğunu başka âyetlerle temellendirmeye çalışmaktadır. Bu makalede kötülüğün sebebinin insan olduğu görüşünü pekiştirme amacıyla felsefe ve kelâmdan da faydalanılmaktadır. Ateist düşünce, genellikle dünyada kötülüğün çok olduğunu söylemektedir. Bunun karşısında yer alan Kurân ve Teist düşünceye göre, evrene ve hayata çoğunlukla iyilik hâkimdir. Kötülükse az, ârizî ve görecelidir. Kötülüğün kabul edilmesi, ancak hayatın bir imtihan olduğuna ve her şeyin karşılığının verileceği âhirete inanmakla mümkündür. Yoksa dünya ölçeğinde kötülüğün bulunmasına mantıklı bir cevap vermek mümkün değildir. Bu sorun, kötülüğün insana, bunun takdirininse Allaha ait olduğu şeklinde çözümlenmektedir. Nisâ 78-79. âyetler, Kurân bütünlüğünde incelendiğinde, herhangi bir çelişkiye düşülmeksizin bu şekilde anlaşılabilmektedir. İlgili âyetlerdeki çelişik görünümün, gerçek bir çelişkiden değil zannî bir çelişkiden doğduğu görülmektedir. Bir başka ifadeyle ilgili âyetlerdeki çelişik görünüm, Kurânî bir olgudan değil, beşerî bir algıdan kaynaklanmaktadır.

Makale detayları

The Attribution of Evil: An Evaluation in the Context of the Ostensibly Contradictory Verses 78-79 of Surah An-Nisa

Yazarlar:

Ali Rıza Güneş

Yayıncı:

Bingol University

Ana Başlıklar:

Tefsir

Dergi:

Bingöl Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi Issue 24, pp.117-138

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

12/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001332664

pISSN:

2687-5128

tafsir

goodness

evil

contradictory

nisbahtefsir

çelişki

iyilik

kötülük

nispet

Sayı

Makale detayları

Yazarlar: Ali Rıza Güneş

Yayıncı: Bingol University

Ana Başlıklar: Tefsir

Dergi: Bingöl Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi Issue 24, pp.117-138

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 12/2024

Belge Dili: Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.): 2001332664

pISSN: 2687-5128

Sayı

Yazarlar:

Ali Rıza Güneş

Yayıncı:

Bingol University

Ana Başlıklar:

Tefsir

Dergi:

Bingöl Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi Issue 24, pp.117-138

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

12/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001332664

pISSN:

2687-5128