Attitude Scale Toward Innovation for Primary School Students: Scale Development and Validation

Musa Çalışır; Elif Korkmaz; Mustafa Bektaş

Makale detayları

Attitude Scale Toward Innovation for Primary School Students: Scale Development and Validation

Yazarlar:

Musa Çalışır | Elif Korkmaz | Mustafa Bektaş

Yayıncı:

Sakarya University

Ana Başlıklar:

Primary Education

Dergi:

Sakarya University Journal of Education Vol.15 Issue 2, pp.210-235

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

8/2025

Belge Dili:

İngilizce

Document ID (Org No.):

2001356227

pISSN:

2146-7455

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 This study aimed to develop a valid and reliable scale to assess the attitudes of primary school students toward innovation. The research was conducted with data from 733 third- and fourth-grade students in the Marmara Region. Designed as a descriptive study, the research employed exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses to evaluate the data. Initially, a literature review examined the concept of innovation and how it could be measured appropriately for children. Based on the findings, a pool of 44 items was created using a five-point Likert scale ranging from strongly disagree to agree strongly. After expert reviews and a pilot study, this pool was refined to 38 items. The exploratory factor analysis results indicated that the scale consisted of four factors: Curiosity, Self-Confidence, Alternative Usage, and Creativity. These factors accounted for 55.66 of the total variance. Each factor included three items, with factor loadings exceeding 0.30, which supported the construct validity of the scale. The confirmatory factor analysis revealed that the model demonstrated excellent goodness-of-fit values. Findings from the second-order CFA confirmed the relationship between the factors and innovation and showed an excellent fit. As a result, this study developed a valid and reliable instrument for measuring the attitudes of primary school students toward innovation. The scale is anticipated to help understand students tendencies toward innovative thinking, develop strategies to enhance these tendencies, and evaluate innovation-focused educational programs.

 This study aimed to develop a valid and reliable scale to assess the attitudes of primary school students toward innovation. The research was conducted with data from 733 third- and fourth-grade students in the Marmara Region. Designed as a descriptive study, the research employed exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses to evaluate the data. Initially, a literature review examined the concept of innovation and how it could be measured appropriately for children. Based on the findings, a pool of 44 items was created using a five-point Likert scale ranging from strongly disagree to agree strongly. After expert reviews and a pilot study, this pool was refined to 38 items. The exploratory factor analysis results indicated that the scale consisted of four factors: Curiosity, Self-Confidence, Alternative Usage, and Creativity. These factors accounted for 55.66 of the total variance. Each factor included three items, with factor loadings exceeding 0.30, which supported the construct validity of the scale. The confirmatory factor analysis revealed that the model demonstrated excellent goodness-of-fit values. Findings from the second-order CFA confirmed the relationship between the factors and innovation and showed an excellent fit. As a result, this study developed a valid and reliable instrument for measuring the attitudes of primary school students toward innovation. The scale is anticipated to help understand students tendencies toward innovative thinking, develop strategies to enhance these tendencies, and evaluate innovation-focused educational programs.

 This study aimed to develop a valid and reliable scale to assess the attitudes of primary school students toward innovation. The research was conducted with data from 733 third- and fourth-grade students in the Marmara Region. Designed as a descriptive study, the research employed exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses to evaluate the data. Initially, a literature review examined the concept of innovation and how it could be measured appropriately for children. Based on the findings, a pool of 44 items was created using a five-point Likert scale ranging from strongly disagree to agree strongly. After expert reviews and a pilot study, this pool was refined to 38 items. The exploratory factor analysis results indicated that the scale consisted of four factors: Curiosity, Self-Confidence, Alternative Usage, and Creativity. These factors accounted for 55.66 of the total variance. Each factor included three items, with factor loadings exceeding 0.30, which supported the construct validity of the scale. The confirmatory factor analysis revealed that the model demonstrated excellent goodness-of-fit values. Findings from the second-order CFA confirmed the relationship between the factors and innovation and showed an excellent fit. As a result, this study developed a valid and reliable instrument for measuring the attitudes of primary school students toward innovation. The scale is anticipated to help understand students tendencies toward innovative thinking, develop strategies to enhance these tendencies, and evaluate innovation-focused educational programs.

 This study aimed to develop a valid and reliable scale to assess the attitudes of primary school students toward innovation. The research was conducted with data from 733 third- and fourth-grade students in the Marmara Region. Designed as a descriptive study, the research employed exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses to evaluate the data. Initially, a literature review examined the concept of innovation and how it could be measured appropriately for children. Based on the findings, a pool of 44 items was created using a five-point Likert scale ranging from strongly disagree to agree strongly. After expert reviews and a pilot study, this pool was refined to 38 items. The exploratory factor analysis results indicated that the scale consisted of four factors: Curiosity, Self-Confidence, Alternative Usage, and Creativity. These factors accounted for 55.66 of the total variance. Each factor included three items, with factor loadings exceeding 0.30, which supported the construct validity of the scale. The confirmatory factor analysis revealed that the model demonstrated excellent goodness-of-fit values. Findings from the second-order CFA confirmed the relationship between the factors and innovation and showed an excellent fit. As a result, this study developed a valid and reliable instrument for measuring the attitudes of primary school students toward innovation. The scale is anticipated to help understand students tendencies toward innovative thinking, develop strategies to enhance these tendencies, and evaluate innovation-focused educational programs.

Makale detayları

Attitude Scale Toward Innovation for Primary School Students: Scale Development and Validation

Yazarlar: Musa Çalışır | Elif Korkmaz | Mustafa Bektaş

Yayıncı: Sakarya University

Ana Başlıklar: Primary Education

Dergi: Sakarya University Journal of Education Vol.15 Issue 2, pp.210-235

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 8/2025

Belge Dili: İngilizce

Document ID (Org No.): 2001356227

pISSN: 2146-7455

Innovation

Primary School Students

Scale Development

Sayı

Yazarlar:

Musa Çalışır | Elif Korkmaz | Mustafa Bektaş

Yayıncı:

Sakarya University

Ana Başlıklar:

Primary Education

Dergi:

Sakarya University Journal of Education Vol.15 Issue 2, pp.210-235

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

8/2025

Belge Dili:

İngilizce

Document ID (Org No.):

2001356227

pISSN:

2146-7455