The Construction of the Patriarchal Order in the Light of Cuneiform Legal Texts

Serkan Başol

Makale detayları

The Construction of the Patriarchal Order in the Light of Cuneiform Legal Texts

Yazarlar:

Serkan Başol

Yayıncı:

Istanbul University

Ana Başlıklar:

Kadın Araştırmaları

Dergi:

İstanbul Üniversitesi Kadın Araştırmaları Dergisi Issue 29, pp.12-22

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

10/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001338593

pISSN:

2717-6215

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 Our ancestors lived millions of years in a hunter-gatherer lifestyle, where their lives depended on wild plants and animals. In this nomadic, hunter-gatherer period, which covers more than ninety-nine percent of human history, there is a matriarchal order. With the Neolithic Age, which was after the Paleolithic and Mesolithic phases, settled life began and the wheat species that were protected during the Mesolithic period were amended and with the transition to agriculture in this era, also called the Neolithic Revolution, various animals began to be domesticated gradually and the Matriarchal paradigm started to change. We can follow the traces of the Mother Goddess figurines, whose archaeological remains we find in cave art in the Upper Paleolithic period, in an area ranging from Europe to Asia and then to Africa. These artifacts, interpreted as the archaeological evidence of the matriarchal lifestyle, give us an idea about the position of women who were worshiped as goddesses in Paleolithic life. This article aims to explain how the ideological foundations of the Patriarchal order, which was tried to be established, rose above the freedoms taken from women, in the light of cuneiform legal texts recorded in the period from the Chalcolithic to the Bronze Age with the invention of writing and thus transferred to clay tablets.

 Our ancestors lived millions of years in a hunter-gatherer lifestyle, where their lives depended on wild plants and animals. In this nomadic, hunter-gatherer period, which covers more than ninety-nine percent of human history, there is a matriarchal order. With the Neolithic Age, which was after the Paleolithic and Mesolithic phases, settled life began and the wheat species that were protected during the Mesolithic period were amended and with the transition to agriculture in this era, also called the Neolithic Revolution, various animals began to be domesticated gradually and the Matriarchal paradigm started to change. We can follow the traces of the Mother Goddess figurines, whose archaeological remains we find in cave art in the Upper Paleolithic period, in an area ranging from Europe to Asia and then to Africa. These artifacts, interpreted as the archaeological evidence of the matriarchal lifestyle, give us an idea about the position of women who were worshiped as goddesses in Paleolithic life. This article aims to explain how the ideological foundations of the Patriarchal order, which was tried to be established, rose above the freedoms taken from women, in the light of cuneiform legal texts recorded in the period from the Chalcolithic to the Bronze Age with the invention of writing and thus transferred to clay tablets.

 Our ancestors lived millions of years in a hunter-gatherer lifestyle, where their lives depended on wild plants and animals. In this nomadic, hunter-gatherer period, which covers more than ninety-nine percent of human history, there is a matriarchal order. With the Neolithic Age, which was after the Paleolithic and Mesolithic phases, settled life began and the wheat species that were protected during the Mesolithic period were amended and with the transition to agriculture in this era, also called the Neolithic Revolution, various animals began to be domesticated gradually and the Matriarchal paradigm started to change. We can follow the traces of the Mother Goddess figurines, whose archaeological remains we find in cave art in the Upper Paleolithic period, in an area ranging from Europe to Asia and then to Africa. These artifacts, interpreted as the archaeological evidence of the matriarchal lifestyle, give us an idea about the position of women who were worshiped as goddesses in Paleolithic life. This article aims to explain how the ideological foundations of the Patriarchal order, which was tried to be established, rose above the freedoms taken from women, in the light of cuneiform legal texts recorded in the period from the Chalcolithic to the Bronze Age with the invention of writing and thus transferred to clay tablets.

 İnsanoğlu yüzbinlerce yıl avcı-toplayıcı yaşam sürmüş, buna bağlı olarak yabani bitki ve hayvanlarla iç içe bir hayat geçirmiştir. İnsanlık tarihinin yüzde doksan dokuzundan daha uzun bir süreyi kapsayan bu göçebe, avcı-toplayıcı dönemde anaerkil bir düzen olduğu düşünülmektedir. Paleolitik ve Mezolitik evrelerden sonra varılan Neolitik Çağla birlikte yerleşik hayata geçilmiş ve Mezolitik dönemde korumaya alınan buğday türleri ıslah edilerek Neolitik Dönem olarak isimlendirilen bu çağda tarıma geçilmesiyle birlikte çeşitli hayvanların aşama aşama evcilleştirilmesine başlanmış ve anaerkil paradigma yavaş yavaş değişmiştir. Üst Paleolitik dönemde mağara sanatında arkeolojik kalıtlarına rastlanan kadın figürinlerinin izleri Avrupadan Asyaya, oradan Afrikaya kadar takip edebilmektedir. Anaerkil yaşam tarzının arkeolojik kanıtları olarak yorumlanan bu eserler tanrıça olarak tapınılan kadınların Paleolitik yaşamdaki konumu hakkında bir fikir vermektedir. Bu çalışmada, kurulmaya çalışılan ataerkil düzenin fikri temellerinin, tanrılıkları ve özgürlükleri ellerinden alınan kadınların üzerinde yükselmesinin sebepleri incelenmeye çalışılacaktır. İncelemeler, yazının icadıyla birlikte Erken Tunç çağlarından itibaren kayda alınan ve böylece kil tabletlere aktarılan çivi yazılı hukuki metinler ışığında değerlendirilecektir.

Makale detayları

The Construction of the Patriarchal Order in the Light of Cuneiform Legal Texts

Yazarlar:

Serkan Başol

Yayıncı:

Istanbul University

Ana Başlıklar:

Kadın Araştırmaları

Dergi:

İstanbul Üniversitesi Kadın Araştırmaları Dergisi Issue 29, pp.12-22

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

10/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001338593

pISSN:

2717-6215

Cuneiform Law Texts

Women

Matriarchy

Patriarchy

OwnershipÇivi Yazılı Hukuki Metinler

Kadın

Anaerki

Ataerki

Mülkiyet

Sayı

Makale detayları

Yazarlar: Serkan Başol

Yayıncı: Istanbul University

Ana Başlıklar: Kadın Araştırmaları

Dergi: İstanbul Üniversitesi Kadın Araştırmaları Dergisi Issue 29, pp.12-22

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 10/2024

Belge Dili: Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.): 2001338593

pISSN: 2717-6215

Sayı

Yazarlar:

Serkan Başol

Yayıncı:

Istanbul University

Ana Başlıklar:

Kadın Araştırmaları

Dergi:

İstanbul Üniversitesi Kadın Araştırmaları Dergisi Issue 29, pp.12-22

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

10/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001338593

pISSN:

2717-6215