Religious Socialization Factors in The Formation of Religious Identity Among Third Generation Turkish Immigrants (The Example Of Germany)

Hasan Gökmen

Makale detayları

Religious Socialization Factors in The Formation of Religious Identity Among Third Generation Turkish Immigrants (The Example Of Germany)

Yazarlar:

Hasan Gökmen

Yayıncı:

Sivas Cumhuriyet University

Ana Başlıklar:

Din Sosyolojisi | İslam Araştırmaları (Diğer)

Dergi:

Cumhuriyet İlahiyat Dergisi Vol.29 Issue 1, pp.404-422

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

6/2025

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001350414

pISSN:

2528-9861

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 Abstract This study deals with the religious socialization process and its factors in the formation of the religious identity of the third generation representatives of Turkish immigrants living in Europe. In addition, the participation of the European native society in the religious socialization of Muslim immigrants, who lack the environmental factors in Muslim-dominated societies, and the role it plays in the formation of religious identity constitute another focus of the study. Muslim identity, which has been seen as a problem in Europe in recent years, negatively affects the process of transferring religious identity to new generations, while on the other hand, rising Islamophobia and xenophobia also question the legitimacy of important factors in the construction of the religious identity of Muslim immigrants. Mosque associations, which are an important agent in the religious socialization of third-generation Muslim immigrants in particular, are frequently subjected to negative evaluations in the media and political debates, further increasing the importance of mosque associations in religious socialization. On the other hand, developments in communication technologies also play an important role in the formation of the religious identity of third-generation Muslim immigrants. The research is a phenomenological study of the qualitative research design. In this context, in-depth interviews were conducted with third-generation Turkish immigrants living in Europe using semi-structured questions. Data were also collected using the participant observation technique. In this context, interviews were held between January and August 2024 in various districts and towns of Karlsruhe, Baden-Württemberg, where Turkish immigrants live densely. As a result of the interviews, it was seen that the family played an important role in the religious socialization and construction of religious identity of third generation Muslim Turkish immigrants. Religious socialization that takes place in the mosque and its surroundings with the guidance and encouragement of the families appears as an important factor in the formation of religious identity. On the other hand, peer groups stand out as one of the effective agents in the religious socialization of third-generation Muslim Turkish individuals. These peer groups have further increased the importance of mosque associations, as friendships formed during the social activities of mosque associations. As a matter of fact, European social life is a social structure devoid of religious socialization symbols and environmental factors for Muslim immigrants. Developments in internet technologies are seen as another agent in this process and as an important factor in the religious socialization of Turkish immigrant groups. However, despite their widespread use, it was observed as a result of the interviews that internet tools did not create the necessary trust in religious matters for the participants. This distrust manifests itself as resocialization in which individuals add their own interpretations and evaluations to the religious socialization process as a questioning contribution. It is observed that Muslim immigrants with different religious and cultural values feel the need to re-socialize in all other communication and interaction venues outside the family. One of the limitations of the study is that it was conducted within a certain period of time and on Turkish immigrants. However, it is thought that the data obtained will form a basis for other studies.

 Abstract This study deals with the religious socialization process and its factors in the formation of the religious identity of the third generation representatives of Turkish immigrants living in Europe. In addition, the participation of the European native society in the religious socialization of Muslim immigrants, who lack the environmental factors in Muslim-dominated societies, and the role it plays in the formation of religious identity constitute another focus of the study. Muslim identity, which has been seen as a problem in Europe in recent years, negatively affects the process of transferring religious identity to new generations, while on the other hand, rising Islamophobia and xenophobia also question the legitimacy of important factors in the construction of the religious identity of Muslim immigrants. Mosque associations, which are an important agent in the religious socialization of third-generation Muslim immigrants in particular, are frequently subjected to negative evaluations in the media and political debates, further increasing the importance of mosque associations in religious socialization. On the other hand, developments in communication technologies also play an important role in the formation of the religious identity of third-generation Muslim immigrants. The research is a phenomenological study of the qualitative research design. In this context, in-depth interviews were conducted with third-generation Turkish immigrants living in Europe using semi-structured questions. Data were also collected using the participant observation technique. In this context, interviews were held between January and August 2024 in various districts and towns of Karlsruhe, Baden-Württemberg, where Turkish immigrants live densely. As a result of the interviews, it was seen that the family played an important role in the religious socialization and construction of religious identity of third generation Muslim Turkish immigrants. Religious socialization that takes place in the mosque and its surroundings with the guidance and encouragement of the families appears as an important factor in the formation of religious identity. On the other hand, peer groups stand out as one of the effective agents in the religious socialization of third-generation Muslim Turkish individuals. These peer groups have further increased the importance of mosque associations, as friendships formed during the social activities of mosque associations. As a matter of fact, European social life is a social structure devoid of religious socialization symbols and environmental factors for Muslim immigrants. Developments in internet technologies are seen as another agent in this process and as an important factor in the religious socialization of Turkish immigrant groups. However, despite their widespread use, it was observed as a result of the interviews that internet tools did not create the necessary trust in religious matters for the participants. This distrust manifests itself as resocialization in which individuals add their own interpretations and evaluations to the religious socialization process as a questioning contribution. It is observed that Muslim immigrants with different religious and cultural values feel the need to re-socialize in all other communication and interaction venues outside the family. One of the limitations of the study is that it was conducted within a certain period of time and on Turkish immigrants. However, it is thought that the data obtained will form a basis for other studies.

 Abstract This study deals with the religious socialization process and its factors in the formation of the religious identity of the third generation representatives of Turkish immigrants living in Europe. In addition, the participation of the European native society in the religious socialization of Muslim immigrants, who lack the environmental factors in Muslim-dominated societies, and the role it plays in the formation of religious identity constitute another focus of the study. Muslim identity, which has been seen as a problem in Europe in recent years, negatively affects the process of transferring religious identity to new generations, while on the other hand, rising Islamophobia and xenophobia also question the legitimacy of important factors in the construction of the religious identity of Muslim immigrants. Mosque associations, which are an important agent in the religious socialization of third-generation Muslim immigrants in particular, are frequently subjected to negative evaluations in the media and political debates, further increasing the importance of mosque associations in religious socialization. On the other hand, developments in communication technologies also play an important role in the formation of the religious identity of third-generation Muslim immigrants. The research is a phenomenological study of the qualitative research design. In this context, in-depth interviews were conducted with third-generation Turkish immigrants living in Europe using semi-structured questions. Data were also collected using the participant observation technique. In this context, interviews were held between January and August 2024 in various districts and towns of Karlsruhe, Baden-Württemberg, where Turkish immigrants live densely. As a result of the interviews, it was seen that the family played an important role in the religious socialization and construction of religious identity of third generation Muslim Turkish immigrants. Religious socialization that takes place in the mosque and its surroundings with the guidance and encouragement of the families appears as an important factor in the formation of religious identity. On the other hand, peer groups stand out as one of the effective agents in the religious socialization of third-generation Muslim Turkish individuals. These peer groups have further increased the importance of mosque associations, as friendships formed during the social activities of mosque associations. As a matter of fact, European social life is a social structure devoid of religious socialization symbols and environmental factors for Muslim immigrants. Developments in internet technologies are seen as another agent in this process and as an important factor in the religious socialization of Turkish immigrant groups. However, despite their widespread use, it was observed as a result of the interviews that internet tools did not create the necessary trust in religious matters for the participants. This distrust manifests itself as resocialization in which individuals add their own interpretations and evaluations to the religious socialization process as a questioning contribution. It is observed that Muslim immigrants with different religious and cultural values feel the need to re-socialize in all other communication and interaction venues outside the family. One of the limitations of the study is that it was conducted within a certain period of time and on Turkish immigrants. However, it is thought that the data obtained will form a basis for other studies.

 ÖZ Çalışma, Avrupada yaşayan Türk göçmenlerin üçüncü kuşak temsilcilerin dini kimliğinin oluşumunda, dini sosyalleşme sürecini ve etkenlerini konu edinmektedir. Bunun yanında Müslümanların hâkim olduğu toplumlardaki çevresel faktörlerden yoksun olan Müslüman göçmenlerin, dini sosyalleşmesinde Avrupa yerli toplumun sürece katılımı ve dini kimliğin oluşumunda oynadığı rol, çalışmanın diğer odağını oluşturmaktadır. Son yıllarda Avrupada sorunsallaşan Müslüman kimliği, dini kimliğin yeni nesillere aktarım sürecini olumsuz etkilemekte, diğer taraftan yükselmekte olan İslamofobi ve yabancı karşıtlığı, Müslüman göçmenlerin dini kimliğinin inşasında etken faktörlerin meşruiyetini sorgulatmaktadır. Özellikle üçüncü nesil Müslüman göçmenlerin dini sosyalleşmesinde önemli bir ajan olan cami derneklerinin medya ve siyasi tartışmalarda sıkça olumsuz değerlendirmelere maruz kalması, dini sosyalleşmede cami derneklerinin önemini daha da artırdığı gözlemlenmiştir. Diğer yandan iletişim teknolojilerinde yaşanan gelişmeler de üçüncü nesil Müslüman göçmenlerin dini kimliğinin oluşumunda önemli rol aldıkları görülmektedir. Yapılan literatür taramasında Avrupada yaşamakta olan üçüncü nesil Türk göçmenlerin dini sosyalleşme süreçleri ve faktörleri hakkında yeterli çalışmaların olmadığı değerlendirilmiştir. Bu bağlamda çalışma bu boşluğu doldurmaya küçük bir katkı sunacaktır. Çalışma nitel araştırma deseninin bir olgubilim çalışmasıdır. Avrupada yaşamakta olan üçüncü kuşak Türk göçmenler ile yarı yapılandırılmış sorular çerçevesinde, derinlemesine görüşmeler gerçekleştirilmiş; aynı zamanda katılımcı gözlem tekniği ile de veriler toplanmıştır. Bu çerçevede Türk göçmenlerin yoğun olarak yaşadıkları Baden-Württemberg eyaletinin Karlsruhe şehrinin çeşitli ilçe ve kasabalarında 2024 yılının Ocak-Ağustos ayları arasında görüşmeler gerçekleştirilmiştir. Görüşmeler sonunda üçüncü nesil Müslüman Türk göçmenlerin dini sosyalleşmesinde ve dini kimliğin inşasında ailenin önemli rol üstlendiği; ailelerin yönlendirmesi ve teşviki ile cami ve çevresinde gerçekleşen dini sosyalleşmenin, dini kimliğin oluşumunda önemli bir faktör olduğu karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Diğer taraftan akran grupları üçüncü nesil Müslüman Türk bireylerin dini sosyalleşmesinde etkin ajanlardan biri olarak öne çıkmaktadır. Bu akran grupları daha çok cami derneklerinin sosyal etkinlik faaliyetlerinde meydana gelen arkadaşlıklar olarak, cami derneklerinin önemini daha da artırmıştır. Nitekim Avrupa sosyal hayatı, Müslüman göçmenler açısından dini sosyalleşme sembolleri ve çevresel faktörlerden yoksun bir toplumsal yapıdır. İnternet teknolojilerindeki gelişmeler bu süreçte diğer bir ajan olarak Türk göçmen gruplarının dini sosyalleşmesinde önemli bir etken olarak görülmektedir. Ancak kullanım yaygınlığına karşın internet araçları, yapılan görüşmeler neticesinde katılımcılarda dini konularda gerekli güveni oluşturamadıkları gözlemlenmiştir. Bu güvensizlik, sorgulayıcı bir katkı olarak bireylerin dini sosyalleşme sürecinde kendi yorum ve değerlendirmelerini kattıkları yeniden sosyalleşme olarak kendini göstermektedir. Farklı dini ve kültürel değerlere sahip Müslüman göçmenlerin aile dışına çıktıkları diğer tüm iletişim ve etkileşim mekanlarında yeniden sosyalleşme ihtiyacı duydukları görülmektedir. Çalışmanın belli bir zaman aralığında ve Türk göçmenler üzerinde yürütülmüş olması çalışmanın sınırlılıklarından biridir. Ancak elde edilen verilerin diğer çalışmalara bir zemin oluşturacağı düşünülmektedir.

Makale detayları

Religious Socialization Factors in The Formation of Religious Identity Among Third Generation Turkish Immigrants (The Example Of Germany)

Yazarlar:

Hasan Gökmen

Yayıncı:

Sivas Cumhuriyet University

Ana Başlıklar:

Din Sosyolojisi | İslam Araştırmaları (Diğer)

Dergi:

Cumhuriyet İlahiyat Dergisi Vol.29 Issue 1, pp.404-422

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

6/2025

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001350414

pISSN:

2528-9861

Sociology of Religion

Religious Socialisation

Religious Identity

Religious Socialization Factors

ResocializationDin Sosyolojisi

Dini Sosyalleşme

Dini Kimlik

Dini Sosyalleşme Faktörleri

Yeniden Sosyalleşme

Sayı

Makale detayları

Yazarlar: Hasan Gökmen

Yayıncı: Sivas Cumhuriyet University

Ana Başlıklar: Din Sosyolojisi | İslam Araştırmaları (Diğer)

Dergi: Cumhuriyet İlahiyat Dergisi Vol.29 Issue 1, pp.404-422

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 6/2025

Belge Dili: Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.): 2001350414

pISSN: 2528-9861

Sayı

Yazarlar:

Hasan Gökmen

Yayıncı:

Sivas Cumhuriyet University

Ana Başlıklar:

Din Sosyolojisi | İslam Araştırmaları (Diğer)

Dergi:

Cumhuriyet İlahiyat Dergisi Vol.29 Issue 1, pp.404-422

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

6/2025

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001350414

pISSN:

2528-9861