Baron Max Von Oppenheim, Architect of German Jihad Policy: Agent, Provocateur, Archaeologist, Diplomat

Selami Kılıç

Makale detayları

Baron Max Von Oppenheim, Architect of German Jihad Policy: Agent, Provocateur, Archaeologist, Diplomat

Yazarlar:

Selami Kılıç

Yayıncı:

Ataturk University

Ana Başlıklar:

Çağdaş Dünya Tarihi (Diğer) | Uluslararası Tarih

Dergi:

Turcology Research Issue 78, pp.438-451

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

6/2023

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001298633

pISSN:

2822-2725

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 Born in Köln, Germany, on July 15, 1860, Max Freiherrn von Oppenheim belonged to a rich Jewish banker family well known by German financial centers. He had a very good childhood and education. He worked as a clerk in different cities of Germany. After he finished his education in law, he received doctor of law degree in 1883. His greatest desire was to travel to the colorful world of the Orient. That dream was realized in the winter of 1883, when he made his first travel to the Orient. His next travel to the Orient was 3 years later. This time he went to Morocco, which still looked like the magical land of the Middle Ages. In 1892, he set out on his great tour and first went to Spain and then to Maghrib and Cairo. In 1893, he visited India and then Eastern Africa. He went to Istanbul upon the invitation by Abdulhamid II. He wrote about his impressions of the Ottoman geography in his two-volume book titled From the Mediterranean to Persian Gulf. He went to Cairo for his first diplomatic mission in 1896. Claimed to be the special agent of Emperor Wilhelm II, Oppenheim stayed in Egypt for 13 years. His main duty in these years was to monitor the Islamic world, especially Islamic press. He sent about 500 reports and notes to Berlin during these 13 years. These were about political, religious, and cultural issues. In his trips around Cairo, he discovered Tell-Halaf antique city and made one of the most important excavations of the early twentieth century. He presented a secret report about Sedition of Islamic World against Our Enemies to the ministry in the autumn of 1914. This was a call for jihad and was intended to direct the wrath of the Muslims to their enemies. Consisting of 136 pages, this report explained in detail the revolts to be staged in the Islamic world. The most important revolts were to be staged in Egypt and India. These were to be followed by other revolts in Caucasia, Morocco, Tunis, and Algeria. He was summoned to Berlin when the First World War broke out and started to work with a diplomatic mission again. He founded Oriental Intelligence Centre in Berlin. He worked as the president of this centre for a short time and went to Istanbul to establish Information Centre Rooms. He organized about 80 rooms to enable press to make proper propaganda. After the war, he maintained his political studies together with his scientific excavations, especially his Tell-Halaf excavations. His 80-year life as a traveller, agent, and archaeologist ended on November 15, 1946.

 Born in Köln, Germany, on July 15, 1860, Max Freiherrn von Oppenheim belonged to a rich Jewish banker family well known by German financial centers. He had a very good childhood and education. He worked as a clerk in different cities of Germany. After he finished his education in law, he received doctor of law degree in 1883. His greatest desire was to travel to the colorful world of the Orient. That dream was realized in the winter of 1883, when he made his first travel to the Orient. His next travel to the Orient was 3 years later. This time he went to Morocco, which still looked like the magical land of the Middle Ages. In 1892, he set out on his great tour and first went to Spain and then to Maghrib and Cairo. In 1893, he visited India and then Eastern Africa. He went to Istanbul upon the invitation by Abdulhamid II. He wrote about his impressions of the Ottoman geography in his two-volume book titled From the Mediterranean to Persian Gulf. He went to Cairo for his first diplomatic mission in 1896. Claimed to be the special agent of Emperor Wilhelm II, Oppenheim stayed in Egypt for 13 years. His main duty in these years was to monitor the Islamic world, especially Islamic press. He sent about 500 reports and notes to Berlin during these 13 years. These were about political, religious, and cultural issues. In his trips around Cairo, he discovered Tell-Halaf antique city and made one of the most important excavations of the early twentieth century. He presented a secret report about Sedition of Islamic World against Our Enemies to the ministry in the autumn of 1914. This was a call for jihad and was intended to direct the wrath of the Muslims to their enemies. Consisting of 136 pages, this report explained in detail the revolts to be staged in the Islamic world. The most important revolts were to be staged in Egypt and India. These were to be followed by other revolts in Caucasia, Morocco, Tunis, and Algeria. He was summoned to Berlin when the First World War broke out and started to work with a diplomatic mission again. He founded Oriental Intelligence Centre in Berlin. He worked as the president of this centre for a short time and went to Istanbul to establish Information Centre Rooms. He organized about 80 rooms to enable press to make proper propaganda. After the war, he maintained his political studies together with his scientific excavations, especially his Tell-Halaf excavations. His 80-year life as a traveller, agent, and archaeologist ended on November 15, 1946.

 Born in Köln, Germany, on July 15, 1860, Max Freiherrn von Oppenheim belonged to a rich Jewish banker family well known by German financial centers. He had a very good childhood and education. He worked as a clerk in different cities of Germany. After he finished his education in law, he received doctor of law degree in 1883. His greatest desire was to travel to the colorful world of the Orient. That dream was realized in the winter of 1883, when he made his first travel to the Orient. His next travel to the Orient was 3 years later. This time he went to Morocco, which still looked like the magical land of the Middle Ages. In 1892, he set out on his great tour and first went to Spain and then to Maghrib and Cairo. In 1893, he visited India and then Eastern Africa. He went to Istanbul upon the invitation by Abdulhamid II. He wrote about his impressions of the Ottoman geography in his two-volume book titled From the Mediterranean to Persian Gulf. He went to Cairo for his first diplomatic mission in 1896. Claimed to be the special agent of Emperor Wilhelm II, Oppenheim stayed in Egypt for 13 years. His main duty in these years was to monitor the Islamic world, especially Islamic press. He sent about 500 reports and notes to Berlin during these 13 years. These were about political, religious, and cultural issues. In his trips around Cairo, he discovered Tell-Halaf antique city and made one of the most important excavations of the early twentieth century. He presented a secret report about Sedition of Islamic World against Our Enemies to the ministry in the autumn of 1914. This was a call for jihad and was intended to direct the wrath of the Muslims to their enemies. Consisting of 136 pages, this report explained in detail the revolts to be staged in the Islamic world. The most important revolts were to be staged in Egypt and India. These were to be followed by other revolts in Caucasia, Morocco, Tunis, and Algeria. He was summoned to Berlin when the First World War broke out and started to work with a diplomatic mission again. He founded Oriental Intelligence Centre in Berlin. He worked as the president of this centre for a short time and went to Istanbul to establish Information Centre Rooms. He organized about 80 rooms to enable press to make proper propaganda. After the war, he maintained his political studies together with his scientific excavations, especially his Tell-Halaf excavations. His 80-year life as a traveller, agent, and archaeologist ended on November 15, 1946.

 Almanyanın Köln şehrinde 15 Temmuz 1860da dünyaya geldi. Yahudi kökenli zengin bir banker ailesine mensuptu. İyi bir çocukluk dönemi geçirdi ve yine çok iyi bir eğitim aldı. Almanyanın çeşitli şehirlerinde memuriyetlerde bulundu. Hukuk eğitimini tamamladı ve 1883te hukuk doktoru oldu. Ancak onun en büyük arzusu Doğunun renkli dünyasına yolculuklar yapmaktı. Bu rüyası 1883 kışında gerçekleşti ve ilk Doğu gezisini yaptı. Sonraki Doğu seyahati üç yıl sonra gerçekleşti ve ortaçağların büyüleyici ülkesi Fasa gitti. 1892de, Önce İspanyaya ve Mağribe sonra Kahireye seyahat etti. 1893te Hindistanı ve ardından Doğu Afrikayı ziyaret etti. Sultan II. Abdülhamidin daveti üzerine İstanbula gitti. Osmanlı coğrafyasındaki seyahat izlenimlerini Akdenizden İran Körfezine adlı iki ciltlik kitabında ölümsüzleştirdi. İlk diplomatik görevine 1896da Kahirede başladı. Kayzer II. Wilhelmin özel ajanı olduğu iddia edilen Oppenheim, burada 13 yıl kaldı. O yıllardaki en önemli görevi İslam dünyasını özellikle basınını gözlemlemekti. Berline aşağı yukarı 500 rapor ve muhtıra gönderdi. Bunlar siyaset, din ve kültür gibi çeşitli konuları içeriyordu. Bölgedeki gezileri sırasında rastlantı sonucu Tell-Halaf antik kentini keşfetti ve 20. yüzyılın başlarında en önemli kazılardan birini yaptı. 1914 Sonbaharında İslam Dünyasının Düşmanlarımıza Karşı Ayaklandırılmasına ilişkin gizli ve kapsamlı bir muhtırayı bakanlığa sundu. Bu bir cihad çağrısıydı ve Müslümanların gazabını düşmanlarının üzerine çekmeyi amaçlıyordu. 136 sayfalık bu çok etkileyici raporunda; İslam dünyasında başlatılacak ayaklanmalar ayrıntılı bir şekilde açıklanıyordu. Mısır ve Hindistanın ayaklandırılması en önemli olanıydı. Bunu Kafkasyayla Fas, Tunus ve Cezayirde gerçekleştirilecek ayaklanmalar izliyordu. Birinci Dünya Savaşı patlak verdiğinde Berline çağrıldı ve diplomatik görevi yeniden başladı. Berlinde Doğu İstihbarat Merkezini kurdu. Kısa bir süre başkanlığını yaptıktan sonra Mart 1915te Haber Merkezi Odalarını kurmak üzere İstanbula gitti. Düzenli bir propaganda yapılabilmesi için seksen kadar Haber Merkezi odası organize etti. Savaş sonrası politikanın yanı sıra bilimsel çalışmalarını özellikle Tell-Halaf kazılarını sürdürdü. Gezgin, ajan ve arkeolog olarak dolu dolu yaşadığı seksen altı yıllık yaşamı 15 Kasım 1946da sona erdi.

Makale detayları

Baron Max Von Oppenheim, Architect of German Jihad Policy: Agent, Provocateur, Archaeologist, Diplomat

Yazarlar:

Selami Kılıç

Yayıncı:

Ataturk University

Ana Başlıklar:

Çağdaş Dünya Tarihi (Diğer) | Uluslararası Tarih

Dergi:

Turcology Research Issue 78, pp.438-451

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

6/2023

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001298633

pISSN:

2822-2725

Cairo

Germany

Jihad Policy

Max von Oppenheim

Tell-HalafKahire

Almanya

Cihad Politikası

Max von Oppenheim

Tell-Halaf

Sayı

Makale detayları

Yazarlar: Selami Kılıç

Yayıncı: Ataturk University

Ana Başlıklar: Çağdaş Dünya Tarihi (Diğer) | Uluslararası Tarih

Dergi: Turcology Research Issue 78, pp.438-451

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 6/2023

Belge Dili: Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.): 2001298633

pISSN: 2822-2725

Sayı

Yazarlar:

Selami Kılıç

Yayıncı:

Ataturk University

Ana Başlıklar:

Çağdaş Dünya Tarihi (Diğer) | Uluslararası Tarih

Dergi:

Turcology Research Issue 78, pp.438-451

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

6/2023

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001298633

pISSN:

2822-2725