Animal Subsistence Economy of the Bronze Age Tavşanlı Höyük

Derya Baykara; Mustafa Kenan Agras; Erkan Fidan

Makale detayları

Animal Subsistence Economy of the Bronze Age Tavşanlı Höyük

Yazarlar:

Derya Baykara | Mustafa Kenan Agras | Erkan Fidan

Yayıncı:

Gaziantep University

Ana Başlıklar:

Arkeoloji Bilimi

Dergi:

Gaziantep Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi Vol.24 Issue 2, pp.444-457

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

4/2025

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001346964

pISSN:

1303-0094

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 In this study, 1361 animal bones recovered from the Bronze Age layers of Tavşanlı Höyük in Tavşanlı district of Kütahya province during the excavation seasons of 2021 and 2022 were examined zooarchaeological. According to the slaughter age of domestic animals, the products that societies provide with animal husbandry, in other words, their livelihood economies can be understood. Sheep, goats, cattle and pigs were aged based on the degree of tooth wear. According to the aging results obtained, it was understood that the production purposes in all periods of the Bronze Age were wool and hair in sheepgoats, the use of cattle until advanced ages, and the meat of pigs. Another method used in the study is theLogarithmic Size Index LSI analysis. The LSI calculation is made by obtaining the difference between archaeological metric data and standard measurement values based on logarithm 10. Measurements of the long bones of sheep, goats, cattle and pigs were compared with metric data from archaeological sites in the same region and contemporary with the Tavşanlı mound. According to the size analysis for sheep, goats and cattle, it was determined that there were mostly domestic females. Males were kept for the continuity of the herd, but in smaller numbers than females. Domestic male cattle may have been actively used both for herd continuity and for labor-intensive activities such as agriculture and load pulling. According to the length calculation for pigs, we can talk about active pig breeding as well as wild boar hunting, albeit very limited. In addition, the presence of wild animals such as deer in the fauna suggests that hunting activities were carried out, albeit inactive.

 In this study, 1361 animal bones recovered from the Bronze Age layers of Tavşanlı Höyük in Tavşanlı district of Kütahya province during the excavation seasons of 2021 and 2022 were examined zooarchaeological. According to the slaughter age of domestic animals, the products that societies provide with animal husbandry, in other words, their livelihood economies can be understood. Sheep, goats, cattle and pigs were aged based on the degree of tooth wear. According to the aging results obtained, it was understood that the production purposes in all periods of the Bronze Age were wool and hair in sheepgoats, the use of cattle until advanced ages, and the meat of pigs. Another method used in the study is theLogarithmic Size Index LSI analysis. The LSI calculation is made by obtaining the difference between archaeological metric data and standard measurement values based on logarithm 10. Measurements of the long bones of sheep, goats, cattle and pigs were compared with metric data from archaeological sites in the same region and contemporary with the Tavşanlı mound. According to the size analysis for sheep, goats and cattle, it was determined that there were mostly domestic females. Males were kept for the continuity of the herd, but in smaller numbers than females. Domestic male cattle may have been actively used both for herd continuity and for labor-intensive activities such as agriculture and load pulling. According to the length calculation for pigs, we can talk about active pig breeding as well as wild boar hunting, albeit very limited. In addition, the presence of wild animals such as deer in the fauna suggests that hunting activities were carried out, albeit inactive.

 In this study, 1361 animal bones recovered from the Bronze Age layers of Tavşanlı Höyük in Tavşanlı district of Kütahya province during the excavation seasons of 2021 and 2022 were examined zooarchaeological. According to the slaughter age of domestic animals, the products that societies provide with animal husbandry, in other words, their livelihood economies can be understood. Sheep, goats, cattle and pigs were aged based on the degree of tooth wear. According to the aging results obtained, it was understood that the production purposes in all periods of the Bronze Age were wool and hair in sheepgoats, the use of cattle until advanced ages, and the meat of pigs. Another method used in the study is theLogarithmic Size Index LSI analysis. The LSI calculation is made by obtaining the difference between archaeological metric data and standard measurement values based on logarithm 10. Measurements of the long bones of sheep, goats, cattle and pigs were compared with metric data from archaeological sites in the same region and contemporary with the Tavşanlı mound. According to the size analysis for sheep, goats and cattle, it was determined that there were mostly domestic females. Males were kept for the continuity of the herd, but in smaller numbers than females. Domestic male cattle may have been actively used both for herd continuity and for labor-intensive activities such as agriculture and load pulling. According to the length calculation for pigs, we can talk about active pig breeding as well as wild boar hunting, albeit very limited. In addition, the presence of wild animals such as deer in the fauna suggests that hunting activities were carried out, albeit inactive.

 Bu çalışmada Kütahya ili Tavşanlı ilçesinde bulunan Tavşanlı Höyükün 2021 ve 2022 yılı kazı sezonlarında Tunç Çağı tabakalarından ele geçen 1361 hayvan kemiği zooarkeolojik açıdan incelenmiştir. Evcil hayvanların kesilme yaşına göre toplumların hayvan yetiştiriciliği ile sağladıkları ürünler yani geçim ekonomileri anlaşılabilmektedir. Koyun, keçi, sığır ve domuz için diş aşınma derecelerine bakarak yaşlandırma yapılmıştır. Elde edilen yaşlandırma sonucuna göre, Tunç Çağının tüm dönemlerinde üretim amaçlarının koyunkeçilerde yün ve kıl, sığırların ileri yaşlara kadar kullanımı, domuzların ise etinden faydalanıldığı anlaşılmıştır. Çalışmada kullanılan diğer bir yöntem ise Logaritmik Boyut Endisi Logarithmic Size Index analizidir. LSI hesaplaması, logaritma 10 tabanında arkeolojik metrik veriler ve standart ölçüm değerlerinin farkı elde edilerek yapılmaktadır. Koyun, keçi, sığır ve domuzların uzun kemiklerinden alınan ölçüm değerleri, Tavşanlı Höyük ile çağdaş olan ve aynı bölgede bulunan arkeolojik alanlardan alınan metrik veriler ile karşılaştırılmıştır. Koyun, keçi ve sığırlar için boyut analizine göre, genellikle evcil dişi hayvanların varlığı tespit edilmiştir. Sürünün devamlılığı için erkek bireylerin tutulduğu ama sayıca dişilerden daha az olduğu anlaşılmıştır. Evcil erkek sığırlar ise hem sürünün devamlılığı hem de tarım ve yük çekme gibi iş gücü gerektiren aktivitelerde aktif şekilde kullanılmış olabilir. Domuzlar için boy hesaplamasına göre, aktif domuz yetiştiriciliğinin yanı sıra oldukça sınırlı da olsa yaban domuzu avcılığından bahsedebiliriz. Ek olarak faunada geyik gibi yabani hayvanların bulunması, aktif olmamakla beraber avcılık faaliyetlerinin sürdürüldüğünü düşündürmektedir.

Makale detayları

Animal Subsistence Economy of the Bronze Age Tavşanlı Höyük

Yazarlar:

Derya Baykara | Mustafa Kenan Agras | Erkan Fidan

Yayıncı:

Gaziantep University

Ana Başlıklar:

Arkeoloji Bilimi

Dergi:

Gaziantep Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi Vol.24 Issue 2, pp.444-457

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

4/2025

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001346964

pISSN:

1303-0094

Zooarchaeology

Bronze Age

Tavşanlı Höyük

Subsistence economy

Western AnatoliaTavşanlı Höyük

Tunç Çağı

Geçim Ekonomisi

Batı Anadolu

Zooarkeoloji

Sayı

Makale detayları

Yazarlar: Derya Baykara | Mustafa Kenan Agras | Erkan Fidan

Yayıncı: Gaziantep University

Ana Başlıklar: Arkeoloji Bilimi

Dergi: Gaziantep Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi Vol.24 Issue 2, pp.444-457

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 4/2025

Belge Dili: Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.): 2001346964

pISSN: 1303-0094

Sayı

Yazarlar:

Derya Baykara | Mustafa Kenan Agras | Erkan Fidan

Yayıncı:

Gaziantep University

Ana Başlıklar:

Arkeoloji Bilimi

Dergi:

Gaziantep Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi Vol.24 Issue 2, pp.444-457

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

4/2025

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001346964

pISSN:

1303-0094