Mutakifs’ Experiences of I'tikaf and Its Role in Personality Training

Ali Gül

Makale detayları

Mutakifs’ Experiences of I'tikaf and Its Role in Personality Training

Yazarlar:

Ali Gül

Yayıncı:

Harran University

Ana Başlıklar:

Din Eğitimi

Dergi:

Harran İlahiyat Dergisi Issue 51, pp.1-25

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

6/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001319177

pISSN:

2791-6812

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 The term iʿtikāf refers to the act of keeping oneself away from mundane behaviour and staying in the mosque to do worship by following specific rules, and those who perform this worship are called mutakif. Worship is divided into fard, wājib and sunnah based on the responsibilities it imposes on the believer. In addition to the obligatory acts of worship such as prayer, fasting, pilgrimage and almsgiving, another act of worship that guides people is iʿtikāf. Firmly established by provisions of the text nas, iʿtikāf is a worship that had been transferred from Prophet Ishmael to Prophet Muhammad pbuh, and it matured during this transfer. The purpose of Muslims staying at the mosque for seclusion, solitude, and spiritual retreat during the last ten days of Ramadan is to fulfil their duty of worship to Allah. In addition to being a means of spiritual ascension, cleansing from sins, accounting for oneself, and gaining value in the presence of the Creator, iʿtikāf is an educational process in which human matures and aims to be the perfect being. The main purpose of the etiquette, principles and rules in iʿtikāf is the upbringing and education of people. According to Islamic law, the only place for this educational process is the mosque. The sample of the research consists of individuals who performed iʿtikāf in Samsun in 2022. This study is critical in that there are limited studies on iʿtikāf, which assumes an important religious, social and pedagogical place. More specifically, there are no studies addressing the place of iʿtikāf in personality training in terms of religious education, and no research has been conducted using the in-depth interview method to obtain detailed results. The present study is expected to fill this important gap in the literature. The aim of this study is to reveal the role of iʿtikāf in personality training, which is thought to have an important place in mental health, spiritual progress and self-training. In this context, the main research questions were What are the experiences of mutakifs during iʿtikāf? and What is the role of iʿtikāf in the personality training of mutakifs? In this qualitative study, the researcher conducted in-depth semi-structured interviews with individuals who performed iʿtikāf during Ramadan in 2022. Thanks to the research, in addition to exploring the experiences of mutakifs during iʿtikāf, answers were sought to the questions of what phases iʿtikāf as a means of education has gone through in history, whether it has a positive contribution to the individuals personal upbringing and to what extent it serves this purpose. The present study concluded that iʿtikāf plays an important role in the personal training of believers. In addition, it was observed that iʿtikāf enables the individual to become mosque-centred, that the mosque turns into a space between the physical and metaphysical domains, that believers experience a pilgrimageumrah atmosphere in the mosque located on the edge of the city, and that the mosque turns into a spiritual camp environment. It was determined that the main motivation guiding believers to perform iʿtikāf is not only to follow the Prophets tradition and embrace the Night of Qadr but also to maintain their awareness of worship amidst the hustle and bustle of modern consumer culture by finding tranquillity. It was found that with the prayer program in iʿtikāf, individuals perform their prayers more regularly and gain discipline in daily life. It was determined that the participants increased their religious knowledge thanks to the tafsīr, hadīth and catechism programs implemented. The present study suggests that such virtues as friendship, sacrifice, solidarity, sharing, patience, love, altruism, companionship, mercy, trust, and tranquillity are acquired through iʿtikāf. It was concluded that the spiritual practices of iʿtikāf, such as eating, sleeping and talking less, make believers spiritually stronger, help them gain the qualities of patience and contentment, along with helping them get ready for possible difficulties in the course of life. It was determined that iʿtikāf creates permanent friendships with collective consciousness. The study also found that iʿtikāf enables seclusion, discipline, self-reflection and discipline, thus providing the basis for contemplation and contributing to the strengthening of individuals physical health and improving their mental health.

 Kişinin kendisini sıradan davranışlardan uzak tutmasını, ibadet amacıyla ve belirli bir şekilde camide kalmasını ifade eden kavrama İtikaf, bu ibadeti yerine getirenlere Mutekif denmektedir. İbadetler mümine yüklediği sorumluluklar çerçevesinde farz, vacip, sünnet şeklinde ayrılmaktadır. Namaz, oruç, hacc, zekat gibi farz ibadetlerin yanında insana istikamet veren diğer bir ibadet itikaftır. İtikaf nas ile sabit hükümler gereğince Hz. İsmailden Hz.Muhammedsave kadar tekamül ederek ve olgunlaşarak gelen bir ibadettir. Müslümanların Allaha karşı kulluk görevini yerine getirmek amacıyla Ramazan ayının son on gününde camide inzivaya çekilme, halvet ve uzlet tecrübesini yaşamasıdır. Manevi yükseliş, günahlardan arınma, kendini muhasebeye çekme, yaratıcı katında değer kazanma aracı olmanın yanında itikaf, insanın tekamül ettiği, insan-ı kamile ulaşmayı hedeflediği bir eğitim sürecidir. İtikaftaki edebe dayalı, erkan ve kuralların temel amacı insanın yetişmesi ve eğitilmesidir. İslam hukukuna göre bu eğitim sürecinin tek mekânı camidir. Araştırmanın kapsamını 2022 yılında Samsun ilinde itikafa girmiş bireyler oluşturmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın önemi dini, sosyal ve pedagojik olarak mühim yere sahip olan itikafa dair çalışmaların oldukça sınırlı kalması, itikafın şahsiyet terbiyesindeki yerini din eğitimi yönüyle ele alan çalışmaların bulunmayışı, ayrıntılı sonuçlara ulaşılabilecek derinlemesine mülakat yöntemiyle araştırma yapılmamış olmasıdır. Araştırmanın alanyazındaki bu önemli boşluğu doldurması beklenmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı mental sağlık, manevi terakki ve nefis terbiyesinde önemli yere sahip olduğu düşünülen itikaf ibadetinin şahsiyet terbiyesindeki rolünü ortaya koymaktır. Bu çerçevede araştırmanın temel problemi Mutekiflerin itikaf tecrübeleri nasıldır? İtikaf ibadetinin mutekiflerin şahsiyet terbiyesinde rolü nedir? şeklide netleştirilmiştir. Nitel desende tasarlanmış olan bu çalışmada 2022 yılı Ramazan ayında, itikafa giren mutekiflerle araştırmacı tarafından hazırlanmış yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formu kullanılarak derinlemesine mülakat yapılmıştır. Araştırma sayesinde mutekiflerin itikaf tecrübesinin incelenmesinin yanı sıra terbiye aracı olarak itikafın geçmişten günümüze değerlendirildiğinde ne gibi safhalardan geçtiği, kişinin şahsiyet terbiyesi üzerinde olumlu katkısı olup olmadığı ve bu amaca hizmet etme durumu sorularına cevaplar aranmıştır. Araştırmada itikafın mümin bireylerin şahsiyet terbiyesinde önemli rol oynadığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Ayrıca itikafın bireyin cami merkezli hareket etmesini sağladığı, itikafta caminin fizikle metafizik arasında bir alana dönüştüğü, müminlerin şehrin hemen kıyısındaki camide hacumre iklimi yaşadığı ve caminin manevi bir kamp ortamına büründüğü görülmüştür. Müminleri itikafa yönlendiren başlıca motivasyonun Peygamberin sünnetini uygulama ve Kadir Gecesini ihya etmenin yanında onların modern tüketim kültürü içerisindeki koşuşturmadan sükûnet bularak kulluk şuurunu zinde tutmayı hedefledikleri tespit edilmiştir. İtikaftaki ibadet programıyla bireylerin ibadetlerini daha düzenli yaptığı, gündelik hayatta da bir disiplin kazandığı tespit edilmiştir. Uygulanan tefsir, hadis, ilmihal programları sayesinde katılımcıların dini bilgi düzeylerinin arttığı belirlenmiştir. İtikaf dolayısıyla dostluk, fedakârlık, hasbilik, paylaşma, sabır, sevgi, isar, ülfet, merhamet, güven, sükûnet gibi erdemlerin kazanıldığı ifade edilmiştir. Az yeme, az uyuma, az konuşma gibi itikaftaki riyaset temrinlerinin insanı manevi olarak güçlü kıldığı, sabretme, kanaatkâr olma hasletleri kazandırdığı, hayatın akışı içerisinde de mümini muhtemel zorluklara karşı hazır hale getirdiği sonucu elde edilmiştir. İtikafın kolektif şuurla kalıcı dostluklar oluşturduğu belirlenmiştir. İtikafın uzlet, riyaset, nefis muhasebesi ve terbiyesine imkân sunduğu böylece tefekküre zemin hazırladığı, bireylerin fiziki sağlığının güçlendirmesine, ruh sağlığının iyi düzeyde olmasına katkıda bulunduğu sonuçlarına ulaşılmıştır.

 The term iʿtikāf refers to the act of keeping oneself away from mundane behaviour and staying in the mosque to do worship by following specific rules, and those who perform this worship are called mutakif. Worship is divided into fard, wājib and sunnah based on the responsibilities it imposes on the believer. In addition to the obligatory acts of worship such as prayer, fasting, pilgrimage and almsgiving, another act of worship that guides people is iʿtikāf. Firmly established by provisions of the text nas, iʿtikāf is a worship that had been transferred from Prophet Ishmael to Prophet Muhammad pbuh, and it matured during this transfer. The purpose of Muslims staying at the mosque for seclusion, solitude, and spiritual retreat during the last ten days of Ramadan is to fulfil their duty of worship to Allah. In addition to being a means of spiritual ascension, cleansing from sins, accounting for oneself, and gaining value in the presence of the Creator, iʿtikāf is an educational process in which human matures and aims to be the perfect being. The main purpose of the etiquette, principles and rules in iʿtikāf is the upbringing and education of people. According to Islamic law, the only place for this educational process is the mosque. The sample of the research consists of individuals who performed iʿtikāf in Samsun in 2022. This study is critical in that there are limited studies on iʿtikāf, which assumes an important religious, social and pedagogical place. More specifically, there are no studies addressing the place of iʿtikāf in personality training in terms of religious education, and no research has been conducted using the in-depth interview method to obtain detailed results. The present study is expected to fill this important gap in the literature. The aim of this study is to reveal the role of iʿtikāf in personality training, which is thought to have an important place in mental health, spiritual progress and self-training. In this context, the main research questions were What are the experiences of mutakifs during iʿtikāf? and What is the role of iʿtikāf in the personality training of mutakifs? In this qualitative study, the researcher conducted in-depth semi-structured interviews with individuals who performed iʿtikāf during Ramadan in 2022. Thanks to the research, in addition to exploring the experiences of mutakifs during iʿtikāf, answers were sought to the questions of what phases iʿtikāf as a means of education has gone through in history, whether it has a positive contribution to the individuals personal upbringing and to what extent it serves this purpose. The present study concluded that iʿtikāf plays an important role in the personal training of believers. In addition, it was observed that iʿtikāf enables the individual to become mosque-centred, that the mosque turns into a space between the physical and metaphysical domains, that believers experience a pilgrimageumrah atmosphere in the mosque located on the edge of the city, and that the mosque turns into a spiritual camp environment. It was determined that the main motivation guiding believers to perform iʿtikāf is not only to follow the Prophets tradition and embrace the Night of Qadr but also to maintain their awareness of worship amidst the hustle and bustle of modern consumer culture by finding tranquillity. It was found that with the prayer program in iʿtikāf, individuals perform their prayers more regularly and gain discipline in daily life. It was determined that the participants increased their religious knowledge thanks to the tafsīr, hadīth and catechism programs implemented. The present study suggests that such virtues as friendship, sacrifice, solidarity, sharing, patience, love, altruism, companionship, mercy, trust, and tranquillity are acquired through iʿtikāf. It was concluded that the spiritual practices of iʿtikāf, such as eating, sleeping and talking less, make believers spiritually stronger, help them gain the qualities of patience and contentment, along with helping them get ready for possible difficulties in the course of life. It was determined that iʿtikāf creates permanent friendships with collective consciousness. The study also found that iʿtikāf enables seclusion, discipline, self-reflection and discipline, thus providing the basis for contemplation and contributing to the strengthening of individuals physical health and improving their mental health.

 The term iʿtikāf refers to the act of keeping oneself away from mundane behaviour and staying in the mosque to do worship by following specific rules, and those who perform this worship are called mutakif. Worship is divided into fard, wājib and sunnah based on the responsibilities it imposes on the believer. In addition to the obligatory acts of worship such as prayer, fasting, pilgrimage and almsgiving, another act of worship that guides people is iʿtikāf. Firmly established by provisions of the text nas, iʿtikāf is a worship that had been transferred from Prophet Ishmael to Prophet Muhammad pbuh, and it matured during this transfer. The purpose of Muslims staying at the mosque for seclusion, solitude, and spiritual retreat during the last ten days of Ramadan is to fulfil their duty of worship to Allah. In addition to being a means of spiritual ascension, cleansing from sins, accounting for oneself, and gaining value in the presence of the Creator, iʿtikāf is an educational process in which human matures and aims to be the perfect being. The main purpose of the etiquette, principles and rules in iʿtikāf is the upbringing and education of people. According to Islamic law, the only place for this educational process is the mosque. The sample of the research consists of individuals who performed iʿtikāf in Samsun in 2022. This study is critical in that there are limited studies on iʿtikāf, which assumes an important religious, social and pedagogical place. More specifically, there are no studies addressing the place of iʿtikāf in personality training in terms of religious education, and no research has been conducted using the in-depth interview method to obtain detailed results. The present study is expected to fill this important gap in the literature. The aim of this study is to reveal the role of iʿtikāf in personality training, which is thought to have an important place in mental health, spiritual progress and self-training. In this context, the main research questions were What are the experiences of mutakifs during iʿtikāf? and What is the role of iʿtikāf in the personality training of mutakifs? In this qualitative study, the researcher conducted in-depth semi-structured interviews with individuals who performed iʿtikāf during Ramadan in 2022. Thanks to the research, in addition to exploring the experiences of mutakifs during iʿtikāf, answers were sought to the questions of what phases iʿtikāf as a means of education has gone through in history, whether it has a positive contribution to the individuals personal upbringing and to what extent it serves this purpose. The present study concluded that iʿtikāf plays an important role in the personal training of believers. In addition, it was observed that iʿtikāf enables the individual to become mosque-centred, that the mosque turns into a space between the physical and metaphysical domains, that believers experience a pilgrimageumrah atmosphere in the mosque located on the edge of the city, and that the mosque turns into a spiritual camp environment. It was determined that the main motivation guiding believers to perform iʿtikāf is not only to follow the Prophets tradition and embrace the Night of Qadr but also to maintain their awareness of worship amidst the hustle and bustle of modern consumer culture by finding tranquillity. It was found that with the prayer program in iʿtikāf, individuals perform their prayers more regularly and gain discipline in daily life. It was determined that the participants increased their religious knowledge thanks to the tafsīr, hadīth and catechism programs implemented. The present study suggests that such virtues as friendship, sacrifice, solidarity, sharing, patience, love, altruism, companionship, mercy, trust, and tranquillity are acquired through iʿtikāf. It was concluded that the spiritual practices of iʿtikāf, such as eating, sleeping and talking less, make believers spiritually stronger, help them gain the qualities of patience and contentment, along with helping them get ready for possible difficulties in the course of life. It was determined that iʿtikāf creates permanent friendships with collective consciousness. The study also found that iʿtikāf enables seclusion, discipline, self-reflection and discipline, thus providing the basis for contemplation and contributing to the strengthening of individuals physical health and improving their mental health.

Makale detayları

Mutakifs’ Experiences of I'tikaf and Its Role in Personality Training

Yazarlar:

Ali Gül

Yayıncı:

Harran University

Ana Başlıklar:

Din Eğitimi

Dergi:

Harran İlahiyat Dergisi Issue 51, pp.1-25

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

6/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001319177

pISSN:

2791-6812

Religious Education

Mosque

Iʿtikāf

Nurture

Character Education

Disciplining the SoulDin Eğitimi

Cami

İ‘tikâf

Terbiye

Şahsiyet Terbiyesi

Nefis Terbiyesi

Sayı

Makale detayları

Yazarlar: Ali Gül

Yayıncı: Harran University

Ana Başlıklar: Din Eğitimi

Dergi: Harran İlahiyat Dergisi Issue 51, pp.1-25

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 6/2024

Belge Dili: Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.): 2001319177

pISSN: 2791-6812

Sayı

Yazarlar:

Ali Gül

Yayıncı:

Harran University

Ana Başlıklar:

Din Eğitimi

Dergi:

Harran İlahiyat Dergisi Issue 51, pp.1-25

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

6/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001319177

pISSN:

2791-6812