The Relationship Among Economic Growth, Tourism and Trade Openness: An Example of Turkiye

Barış Ülker

Makale detayları

The Relationship Among Economic Growth, Tourism and Trade Openness: An Example of Turkiye

Yazarlar:

Barış Ülker

Yayıncı:

Kastamonu University

Dergi:

Kastamonu Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi Vol.25 Issue 1, pp.254-270

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

6/2023

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001294383

pISSN:

2147-6012

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 Tourism is one the leading sectors for the economy of Turkiye. It has contributed over 11 of the total GDP and the country stayed among the top 10 most visited destinations of the world until the COVID-19 pandemic that affected the entire world starting from the beginning of 2020. Together with tourism, the ratio of trade openness, which is defined as the ratio of exports plus imports over GDP as including the tourism sector as well, also have an important effect on economic growth. As the trade openness is considered as an indicator of economic liberalization, several empirical studies show that increase of this ratio brings the economic growth along. In this study, annual data of 1995  2020 period is used and the effects of total number of international visitors as an indicator of tourism sector growth and the ratio of trade openness on the GDP per capita as an indicator of economic growth for Turkiye. Autoregressive Lag Distribution ARDL model is employed for the cointegration analysis and the results reveal that both tourism and trade openness have a positive effect on economic growth in the long run. Granger Causality Analysis also show that there is an unilateral relationship from tourism to economic growth, an unilateral relationship from economic growth to trade openness and bilateral relationship between trade openness and tourism.

 Tourism is one the leading sectors for the economy of Turkiye. It has contributed over 11 of the total GDP and the country stayed among the top 10 most visited destinations of the world until the COVID-19 pandemic that affected the entire world starting from the beginning of 2020. Together with tourism, the ratio of trade openness, which is defined as the ratio of exports plus imports over GDP as including the tourism sector as well, also have an important effect on economic growth. As the trade openness is considered as an indicator of economic liberalization, several empirical studies show that increase of this ratio brings the economic growth along. In this study, annual data of 1995  2020 period is used and the effects of total number of international visitors as an indicator of tourism sector growth and the ratio of trade openness on the GDP per capita as an indicator of economic growth for Turkiye. Autoregressive Lag Distribution ARDL model is employed for the cointegration analysis and the results reveal that both tourism and trade openness have a positive effect on economic growth in the long run. Granger Causality Analysis also show that there is an unilateral relationship from tourism to economic growth, an unilateral relationship from economic growth to trade openness and bilateral relationship between trade openness and tourism.

 Tourism is one the leading sectors for the economy of Turkiye. It has contributed over 11 of the total GDP and the country stayed among the top 10 most visited destinations of the world until the COVID-19 pandemic that affected the entire world starting from the beginning of 2020. Together with tourism, the ratio of trade openness, which is defined as the ratio of exports plus imports over GDP as including the tourism sector as well, also have an important effect on economic growth. As the trade openness is considered as an indicator of economic liberalization, several empirical studies show that increase of this ratio brings the economic growth along. In this study, annual data of 1995  2020 period is used and the effects of total number of international visitors as an indicator of tourism sector growth and the ratio of trade openness on the GDP per capita as an indicator of economic growth for Turkiye. Autoregressive Lag Distribution ARDL model is employed for the cointegration analysis and the results reveal that both tourism and trade openness have a positive effect on economic growth in the long run. Granger Causality Analysis also show that there is an unilateral relationship from tourism to economic growth, an unilateral relationship from economic growth to trade openness and bilateral relationship between trade openness and tourism.

 Turizm, Türkiye ekonomisi için en önemli sektörler arasında başı çekmektedir. 2020 yılı itibariyle tüm dünyayı etkisi altına alan COVID-19 salgınına kadar bu sektörden elde edilen gelirler toplam GSYİHin 10undan fazlasını oluştururken, Türkiye, en çok ziyaret edilen ilk 10 ülke arasında kalmaya devam etmiştir. Turizm ile beraber, bu sektörü de içine alan, mal ve hizmetlerin toplam dış ticaretinin GSYİHe oranı ile hesaplanan ticari açıklık oranı da ekonomik büyüme üzerinde önemli bir etkiye sahiptir. Ticari açıklığın ekonomide liberalleşmenin bir göstergesi olduğu göz önünde alındığında, yapılan birçok ampirik çalışma söz konusu açıklığın artışının beraberinde ekonomik büyümeyi de getirdiği göstermektedir. Bu çalışmada 1995  2020 dönemine ait yıllık veriler kullanılarak, Türkiye için turizm sektöründeki büyümenin bir göstergesi olan toplam yabancı ziyaretçi sayısının ve ticari açıklık oranının, ekonomik büyümenin bir göstergesi olan kişi başına düşen GSYİH üzerindeki etkileri araştırılmıştır. Otoregresif Dağıtılmış Gecikme ARDL Modeli kullanılarak yapılan eşbütünleşme analiz sonucunda hem turizmin hem de ticari açıklığın ekonomik büyüme üzerindeki uzun dönemli etkisinin anlamlı ve pozitif olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Bunun yanı sıra, yapılan Granger Nedensellik Analizi, turizmden ekonomik büyüme doğru tek yönlü, ekonomik büyümeden ticari açıklığa doğru tek yönlü, ticari açıklık ile turizm arasında ise iki yönlü bir nedensellik ilişkisi olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır.

Makale detayları

The Relationship Among Economic Growth, Tourism and Trade Openness: An Example of Turkiye

Yazarlar:

Barış Ülker

Yayıncı:

Kastamonu University

Dergi:

Kastamonu Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi Vol.25 Issue 1, pp.254-270

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

6/2023

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001294383

pISSN:

2147-6012

Economic Growth

Tourism

Trade OpennessEkonomik Büyüme

Turizm

Ticari Açıklık

Sayı

Makale detayları

The Relationship Among Economic Growth, Tourism and Trade Openness: An Example of Turkiye

Yazarlar: Barış Ülker

Yayıncı: Kastamonu University

Dergi: Kastamonu Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi Vol.25 Issue 1, pp.254-270

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 6/2023

Belge Dili: Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.): 2001294383

pISSN: 2147-6012

Economic Growth

Tourism

Trade OpennessEkonomik Büyüme

Turizm

Ticari Açıklık

Sayı

Yazarlar:

Barış Ülker

Yayıncı:

Kastamonu University

Dergi:

Kastamonu Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi Vol.25 Issue 1, pp.254-270

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

6/2023

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001294383

pISSN:

2147-6012