İsmail Müfid Efendi, One of the Early-Period Huzur Lecturers, and His Commentary on Verse 26 of Surah al-Anfal: A Critical Edition and Evaluation

M. Cihad Bakkal

Makale detayları

İsmail Müfid Efendi, One of the Early-Period Huzur Lecturers, and His Commentary on Verse 26 of Surah al-Anfal: A Critical Edition and Evaluation

Yazarlar:

M. Cihad Bakkal

Yayıncı:

Eskişehir Osmangazi University

Ana Başlıklar:

Tefsir

Dergi:

Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi Vol.12 Issue 1, pp.536-557

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

3/2025

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001341600

pISSN:

2147-8171

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 During the Ottoman period, special Quranic exegesis tafsir lectures were held during the month of Ramadan, conducted in the presence of the sultan by leading scholars of the era according to specific principles and guidelines. These lectures were referred to as Huzur Lectures Huzur Dersleri. Officially initiated in 1172 AH 1759 CE, these lectures continued until the abolition of the caliphate in 1924. Throughout this period, many scholars participated either as lecturers mukarrir or respondents muhatap. One of these scholars who actively participated as a lecturer was Ismail Müfid İstanbûlî, who spent a considerable portion of his life as a mudarris professor. This article analyzes the only extant manuscript registered in the Süleymaniye Library concerning Ismail Müfids tafsir lecture on verse 26 of Surah al-Anfal, presented in the first session of Ramadan in 1197 AH 1783 CE. Although Müfid was a prolific author who contributed numerous works across various disciplines, very little information about his life is available in existing sources. In this study, after presenting information on Ismail Müfids life, works, and participation in the Huzur Lectures, the manuscript is analyzed in terms of its content, method, and textual characteristics. The sources employed by Müfid are examined, and the manuscript is evaluated within the broader framework of the Huzur Lecture tradition. The final section provides a critical edition of the manuscript. Documentation on the content of Huzur Lectures is relatively limited, particularly for the earlier periods. Existing records, especially from the initial period, are scarce. Although sources mention that Ismail Müfid served as a lecturer in the first session of 1197 AH 1783 CE, they do not provide details regarding the content of his lecture. Previous studies have identified the earliest surviving lecture manuscript as dating from 1177 AH 1764 CE, with another text dated 1200 AH 1786 CE being the second oldest identified document. A separate chronological classification based on the Quranic verses discussed in these lectures included some observations about the early period but omitted any reference to Ismail Müfid and his 1197 AH lecture on Surah al-Anfal, verse 26. The manuscript encountered among existing manuscripts appears to be from the first session conducted in 1197 AH 1783 CE, thus constituting the second oldest known document uncovered to date. Hence, this article publishes and analyzes a significant early-period text, previously unmentioned in existing scholarship, thereby shedding new light on the initial phases of the Huzur Lectures. This study is particularly valuable because it makes a significant contribution to research on the Huzur Lectures, enriching the existing literature. It is evident from Müfids work that he closely follows al-Baydawis tafsir, the main reference of the Huzur Lectures, and employs a linguistically-oriented rational dirayah methodology. Müfid not only uses al-Baydawis commentary but also integrates insights from renowned exegetes such as al-Zamakhshari, Fakhr al-Din al-Razi, Abu Hayyan, and Umar al-Nasafi, presenting a multi-faceted analysis that results in a robust and original text. This meticulous approach indicates significant preparation undertaken by Müfid before the lecture. Another remarkable aspect of the manuscript is its originality and careful preparation. Tafsir literature commonly includes lengthy quotations and repetitive phrases borrowed from previous works; however, a close examination of Müfids text reveals minimal direct quotations, highlighting its originality. Furthermore, Müfids brief commentary on verse 26 of Surah al-Anfal includes valuable analytical insights, preferences, and evaluations, demonstrating his proficiency in tafsir scholarship. For a more comprehensive evaluation, further examination of all Müfids tafsir-related works is necessary. Consequently, future research specifically addressing Müfids contributions, particularly through his glosses hashiya on al-Baydawis commentary, is essential. Such an investigation would effectively fill an existing gap in scholarship on tafsir studies.

 Osmanlı döneminde Ramazan aylarında padişahın huzurunda dönemin önde gelen âlimlerinin katılımıyla belli usul ve esaslar çerçevesinde özel tefsir dersleri yapılmakta ve bu derslere huzur dersleri denilmekteydi. Resmi olarak 11721759 yılında başlayan dersler hilafetin ilga edildiği tarih olan 1924 yılına kadar devam etmiş ve bu süre zarfında derslere mukarrir ve muhatap düzeyinde pek çok âlim iştirak etmiştir. Bu derslere katılan ve mukarrir olarak görev alan âlimlerden biri de hayatının büyük bölümünü müderris olarak geçiren İsmail Müfid İstanbûlîdir. Bu makalede farklı alanlarda çok sayıda eser telif eden velûd bir âlim olmasına rağmen kaynaklarda hakkında çok az bilgi bulunan İsmail Müfidin Ramazan 11971783nin ilk meclisinde takrir ettiği Enfâl suresi 26. ayetin tefsirine dair Süleymaniye Kütüphanesinde kayıtlı olan tek nüshası incelenmiştir. Çalışmada İsmail Müfidin hayatı, eserleri ve katıldığı huzur derslerinden bahsedildikten sonra risale, muhteva ve metot itibariyle analiz edilmiş, metnin kaynakları üzerinde durulmuş ve huzur dersleri sistematiği açısından değerlendirmesi yapılmıştır. Son kısımda ise risalenin tahkikli neşrine yer verilmiştir. Huzur derslerinin muhtevalarına ilişkin günümüze ulaşan belgeler sınırlı sayıdadır. Özellikle ilk döneme ait kayıtlar yok denecek kadar azdır. Kaynaklarda 11971783 yılının ilk meclisinde İsmail Müfidin mukarrir olarak görev aldığı nakledilse de dersin muhtevasına ilişkin bilgi verilmemektedir. Konuyla ilgili yapılan bir çalışmada huzur derslerine ait günümüze ulaşan en eski tarihli ders metninin 11771764 yılına ait olduğu tespit edilip neşri yapılmıştır. Aynı çalışmada tarih itibariyle ikinci sırada gelen metnin ise 12001786 yılına ait olduğu ifade edilmiştir. Derslerle ilgili işlenen ayetleri esas alarak kronolojik bir tasnif denemesinin yapıldığı bir başka çalışmada ilk döneme dair bazı tespitlere yer verilse de bizim makalemizde üzerinde durduğumuz İsmail Müfid ve 11971783 yılının ilk meclisinde takrir ettiği Enfâl 26. ayet ile ilgili herhangi bir bilgi paylaşılmamaktadır. Yazma eserler arasında tevafuk ettiğimiz bu nüsha ise 11971783 yılında icra edilen ilk meclise ait olup şu ana kadar gün yüzüne çıkarılan en eski tarihli ikinci metin olduğu anlaşılmaktadır. Bu bağlamda makalede huzur derslerinin ilk dönemine ışık tutan oldukça eski tarihli ve kaynaklarda ismi hiç zikredilmeyen bir metin neşredilip tahlil edilmiştir. Dolayısıyla bu çalışma, huzur dersleriyle ilgili yapılan araştırmalara önemli bir katkı sunması ve bu alandaki literatürü zenginleştirmesi açısından ayrı bir öneme sahiptir. İsmail Müfidin risalede huzur derslerinin ana kaynağı olan Beyzâvî tefsirinin izinden giderek dilbilimsel ağırlıklı dirayet metodunu kullandığı görülmektedir. Kaynak olarak dersin ana metni olan Beyzâvî tefsiriyle yetinmeyen müellif, Zemahşerî, Râzî, Ebû Hayyân, Ömer en-Nesefî gibi müfessirlerden de istifade ederek meseleleri çok yönlü olarak tahlil etmiş ve bunun sonucunda sağlam bir metin ortaya koymuştur. Buradan hareketle müellifin ders öncesinde ciddi bir hazırlık yaptığı sonucuna ulaşılabilir. Risale ile ilgili dikkat çeken bir başka husus ise metnin titizlikle hazırlanan orijinal bir metin olmasıdır. Tefsir metinlerinde önceki kaynaklardan yapılan uzun alıntılara ve birbirinin tekrarı olan cümlelere sıkça yer verildiği görülmektedir. İsmail Müfidin takriri bu gözle incelendiğinde risalede bire bir alıntılara çok az rastlanması metnin özgünlüğünü ortaya koymaktadır. İsmail Müfidin Enfâl suresi 26. ayetin tefsirine ilişkin kısa bir risalede yer verdiği bilgiler, zaman zaman yaptığı tahlil, tercih ve değerlendirmeler tefsir ilmindeki dirayetine dair önemli veriler sunmaktadır. Bu konuda daha net değerlendirme yapabilmek için tefsir ile ilgili tüm çalışmalarının irdelenmesi gerekmektedir. Dolayısıyla bu makalenin ardından özellikle Beyzâvî tefsiri üzerine kaleme aldığı haşiye çerçevesinde müellifin müfessir yönünü araştıran ve tefsir ilmine katkılarını ortaya koyan bir çalışmanın yapılmasına ihtiyaç duyulduğu görülmektedir. Bu doğrultuda yapılacak bir araştırmanın alandaki boşluğu dolduracağı düşünülmektedir.

 During the Ottoman period, special Quranic exegesis tafsir lectures were held during the month of Ramadan, conducted in the presence of the sultan by leading scholars of the era according to specific principles and guidelines. These lectures were referred to as Huzur Lectures Huzur Dersleri. Officially initiated in 1172 AH 1759 CE, these lectures continued until the abolition of the caliphate in 1924. Throughout this period, many scholars participated either as lecturers mukarrir or respondents muhatap. One of these scholars who actively participated as a lecturer was Ismail Müfid İstanbûlî, who spent a considerable portion of his life as a mudarris professor. This article analyzes the only extant manuscript registered in the Süleymaniye Library concerning Ismail Müfids tafsir lecture on verse 26 of Surah al-Anfal, presented in the first session of Ramadan in 1197 AH 1783 CE. Although Müfid was a prolific author who contributed numerous works across various disciplines, very little information about his life is available in existing sources. In this study, after presenting information on Ismail Müfids life, works, and participation in the Huzur Lectures, the manuscript is analyzed in terms of its content, method, and textual characteristics. The sources employed by Müfid are examined, and the manuscript is evaluated within the broader framework of the Huzur Lecture tradition. The final section provides a critical edition of the manuscript. Documentation on the content of Huzur Lectures is relatively limited, particularly for the earlier periods. Existing records, especially from the initial period, are scarce. Although sources mention that Ismail Müfid served as a lecturer in the first session of 1197 AH 1783 CE, they do not provide details regarding the content of his lecture. Previous studies have identified the earliest surviving lecture manuscript as dating from 1177 AH 1764 CE, with another text dated 1200 AH 1786 CE being the second oldest identified document. A separate chronological classification based on the Quranic verses discussed in these lectures included some observations about the early period but omitted any reference to Ismail Müfid and his 1197 AH lecture on Surah al-Anfal, verse 26. The manuscript encountered among existing manuscripts appears to be from the first session conducted in 1197 AH 1783 CE, thus constituting the second oldest known document uncovered to date. Hence, this article publishes and analyzes a significant early-period text, previously unmentioned in existing scholarship, thereby shedding new light on the initial phases of the Huzur Lectures. This study is particularly valuable because it makes a significant contribution to research on the Huzur Lectures, enriching the existing literature. It is evident from Müfids work that he closely follows al-Baydawis tafsir, the main reference of the Huzur Lectures, and employs a linguistically-oriented rational dirayah methodology. Müfid not only uses al-Baydawis commentary but also integrates insights from renowned exegetes such as al-Zamakhshari, Fakhr al-Din al-Razi, Abu Hayyan, and Umar al-Nasafi, presenting a multi-faceted analysis that results in a robust and original text. This meticulous approach indicates significant preparation undertaken by Müfid before the lecture. Another remarkable aspect of the manuscript is its originality and careful preparation. Tafsir literature commonly includes lengthy quotations and repetitive phrases borrowed from previous works; however, a close examination of Müfids text reveals minimal direct quotations, highlighting its originality. Furthermore, Müfids brief commentary on verse 26 of Surah al-Anfal includes valuable analytical insights, preferences, and evaluations, demonstrating his proficiency in tafsir scholarship. For a more comprehensive evaluation, further examination of all Müfids tafsir-related works is necessary. Consequently, future research specifically addressing Müfids contributions, particularly through his glosses hashiya on al-Baydawis commentary, is essential. Such an investigation would effectively fill an existing gap in scholarship on tafsir studies.

 During the Ottoman period, special Quranic exegesis tafsir lectures were held during the month of Ramadan, conducted in the presence of the sultan by leading scholars of the era according to specific principles and guidelines. These lectures were referred to as Huzur Lectures Huzur Dersleri. Officially initiated in 1172 AH 1759 CE, these lectures continued until the abolition of the caliphate in 1924. Throughout this period, many scholars participated either as lecturers mukarrir or respondents muhatap. One of these scholars who actively participated as a lecturer was Ismail Müfid İstanbûlî, who spent a considerable portion of his life as a mudarris professor. This article analyzes the only extant manuscript registered in the Süleymaniye Library concerning Ismail Müfids tafsir lecture on verse 26 of Surah al-Anfal, presented in the first session of Ramadan in 1197 AH 1783 CE. Although Müfid was a prolific author who contributed numerous works across various disciplines, very little information about his life is available in existing sources. In this study, after presenting information on Ismail Müfids life, works, and participation in the Huzur Lectures, the manuscript is analyzed in terms of its content, method, and textual characteristics. The sources employed by Müfid are examined, and the manuscript is evaluated within the broader framework of the Huzur Lecture tradition. The final section provides a critical edition of the manuscript. Documentation on the content of Huzur Lectures is relatively limited, particularly for the earlier periods. Existing records, especially from the initial period, are scarce. Although sources mention that Ismail Müfid served as a lecturer in the first session of 1197 AH 1783 CE, they do not provide details regarding the content of his lecture. Previous studies have identified the earliest surviving lecture manuscript as dating from 1177 AH 1764 CE, with another text dated 1200 AH 1786 CE being the second oldest identified document. A separate chronological classification based on the Quranic verses discussed in these lectures included some observations about the early period but omitted any reference to Ismail Müfid and his 1197 AH lecture on Surah al-Anfal, verse 26. The manuscript encountered among existing manuscripts appears to be from the first session conducted in 1197 AH 1783 CE, thus constituting the second oldest known document uncovered to date. Hence, this article publishes and analyzes a significant early-period text, previously unmentioned in existing scholarship, thereby shedding new light on the initial phases of the Huzur Lectures. This study is particularly valuable because it makes a significant contribution to research on the Huzur Lectures, enriching the existing literature. It is evident from Müfids work that he closely follows al-Baydawis tafsir, the main reference of the Huzur Lectures, and employs a linguistically-oriented rational dirayah methodology. Müfid not only uses al-Baydawis commentary but also integrates insights from renowned exegetes such as al-Zamakhshari, Fakhr al-Din al-Razi, Abu Hayyan, and Umar al-Nasafi, presenting a multi-faceted analysis that results in a robust and original text. This meticulous approach indicates significant preparation undertaken by Müfid before the lecture. Another remarkable aspect of the manuscript is its originality and careful preparation. Tafsir literature commonly includes lengthy quotations and repetitive phrases borrowed from previous works; however, a close examination of Müfids text reveals minimal direct quotations, highlighting its originality. Furthermore, Müfids brief commentary on verse 26 of Surah al-Anfal includes valuable analytical insights, preferences, and evaluations, demonstrating his proficiency in tafsir scholarship. For a more comprehensive evaluation, further examination of all Müfids tafsir-related works is necessary. Consequently, future research specifically addressing Müfids contributions, particularly through his glosses hashiya on al-Baydawis commentary, is essential. Such an investigation would effectively fill an existing gap in scholarship on tafsir studies.

Makale detayları

İsmail Müfid Efendi, One of the Early-Period Huzur Lecturers, and His Commentary on Verse 26 of Surah al-Anfal: A Critical Edition and Evaluation

Yazarlar:

M. Cihad Bakkal

Yayıncı:

Eskişehir Osmangazi University

Ana Başlıklar:

Tefsir

Dergi:

Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi Vol.12 Issue 1, pp.536-557

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

3/2025

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001341600

pISSN:

2147-8171

Tafsir

Huzur Lectures (Imperial Qur’anic Lectures)

İsmail Müfid

Manuscripts

Critical EditionTefsir

Huzur Dersleri

İsmail Müfid

Yazma Eserler

Tahkikli Neşir

Sayı

Makale detayları

Yazarlar: M. Cihad Bakkal

Yayıncı: Eskişehir Osmangazi University

Ana Başlıklar: Tefsir

Dergi: Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi Vol.12 Issue 1, pp.536-557

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 3/2025

Belge Dili: Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.): 2001341600

pISSN: 2147-8171

Sayı

Yazarlar:

M. Cihad Bakkal

Yayıncı:

Eskişehir Osmangazi University

Ana Başlıklar:

Tefsir

Dergi:

Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi Vol.12 Issue 1, pp.536-557

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

3/2025

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001341600

pISSN:

2147-8171