The Evidence of Consensus (Ijmāʿ) in the Taḥqīq School within Jaʿfarī Jurisprudential Methodology, its Authority and Approaches to Classical Ijmāʿ Theories

Seracettin Eraydın

Makale detayları

The Evidence of Consensus (Ijmāʿ) in the Taḥqīq School within Jaʿfarī Jurisprudential Methodology, its Authority and Approaches to Classical Ijmāʿ Theories

Yazarlar:

Seracettin Eraydın

Yayıncı:

Bursa Uludağ University

Ana Başlıklar:

İslam Hukuku

Dergi:

Uludağ İlahiyat Dergisi Vol.34 Issue 1, pp.99-117

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

6/2025

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001351056

pISSN:

2980-2482

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 This study examines the Taḥqīq schools approach to ijmāʿ consensus within Jaʿfarī legal theory, focusing on its probative authority ḥujjiyya and theoretical foundations. While ijmāʿ is recognized in both Sunnī and Jaʿfarī traditions as the consensus of jurists, it emerged later in Jaʿfarī thought, particularly after the major occultation ghayba al-kubrā. Unlike Sunnī jurists, Jaʿfarī scholars view ijmāʿ as a method to identify the opinion of the infallible Imām, emphasizing its role in revealing the Imāms view over the mere agreement of jurists. Ijmaʿ in Jaʿfarī thought is divided into muḥaṣṣal directly based on the Imāms opinion and manqūl transmitted via other sources. The Taḥqīq school critiques various classical theories of ijmāʿ, including dukhūlī ijmāʿ, which assumes the Imāms participation in juristic consensus, and the luṭf principle, which argues the Imām prevents error in consensus. Other theories, like tasharrufī ijmāʿ and intuitive ijmāʿ, propose direct or implicit communication with the Imām. Prominent Taḥqīq scholar Ansārī rejects most of these theories, claiming that ijmāʿ is rare or nearly nonexistent. The school also dismisses manqūl ijmāʿ as unreliable for legal reasoning, as it cannot confirm the Imāms view. Based on this idea, our study, which elaborates through comparison and analysis the criticisms of the Tahqīq school regarding ijmāʿ as well as its views on the evidentiary value and feasibility of ijmāʿ, reveals that the school approaches the theoretical basis of ijmāʿ with skepticism and, as a result of critical inquiry, argues that it cannot constitute definitive evidence.

 This study examines the Taḥqīq schools approach to ijmāʿ consensus within Jaʿfarī legal theory, focusing on its probative authority ḥujjiyya and theoretical foundations. While ijmāʿ is recognized in both Sunnī and Jaʿfarī traditions as the consensus of jurists, it emerged later in Jaʿfarī thought, particularly after the major occultation ghayba al-kubrā. Unlike Sunnī jurists, Jaʿfarī scholars view ijmāʿ as a method to identify the opinion of the infallible Imām, emphasizing its role in revealing the Imāms view over the mere agreement of jurists. Ijmaʿ in Jaʿfarī thought is divided into muḥaṣṣal directly based on the Imāms opinion and manqūl transmitted via other sources. The Taḥqīq school critiques various classical theories of ijmāʿ, including dukhūlī ijmāʿ, which assumes the Imāms participation in juristic consensus, and the luṭf principle, which argues the Imām prevents error in consensus. Other theories, like tasharrufī ijmāʿ and intuitive ijmāʿ, propose direct or implicit communication with the Imām. Prominent Taḥqīq scholar Ansārī rejects most of these theories, claiming that ijmāʿ is rare or nearly nonexistent. The school also dismisses manqūl ijmāʿ as unreliable for legal reasoning, as it cannot confirm the Imāms view. Based on this idea, our study, which elaborates through comparison and analysis the criticisms of the Tahqīq school regarding ijmāʿ as well as its views on the evidentiary value and feasibility of ijmāʿ, reveals that the school approaches the theoretical basis of ijmāʿ with skepticism and, as a result of critical inquiry, argues that it cannot constitute definitive evidence.

 This study examines the Taḥqīq schools approach to ijmāʿ consensus within Jaʿfarī legal theory, focusing on its probative authority ḥujjiyya and theoretical foundations. While ijmāʿ is recognized in both Sunnī and Jaʿfarī traditions as the consensus of jurists, it emerged later in Jaʿfarī thought, particularly after the major occultation ghayba al-kubrā. Unlike Sunnī jurists, Jaʿfarī scholars view ijmāʿ as a method to identify the opinion of the infallible Imām, emphasizing its role in revealing the Imāms view over the mere agreement of jurists. Ijmaʿ in Jaʿfarī thought is divided into muḥaṣṣal directly based on the Imāms opinion and manqūl transmitted via other sources. The Taḥqīq school critiques various classical theories of ijmāʿ, including dukhūlī ijmāʿ, which assumes the Imāms participation in juristic consensus, and the luṭf principle, which argues the Imām prevents error in consensus. Other theories, like tasharrufī ijmāʿ and intuitive ijmāʿ, propose direct or implicit communication with the Imām. Prominent Taḥqīq scholar Ansārī rejects most of these theories, claiming that ijmāʿ is rare or nearly nonexistent. The school also dismisses manqūl ijmāʿ as unreliable for legal reasoning, as it cannot confirm the Imāms view. Based on this idea, our study, which elaborates through comparison and analysis the criticisms of the Tahqīq school regarding ijmāʿ as well as its views on the evidentiary value and feasibility of ijmāʿ, reveals that the school approaches the theoretical basis of ijmāʿ with skepticism and, as a result of critical inquiry, argues that it cannot constitute definitive evidence.

 Bu çalışma, Caferî fıkıh usûlünde Tahkîk ekolünün icmâın hücciyyeti ve onun teorik arka planına dair yaklaşımlarını ele almaktadır. Şöyle ki Sünnî ve Caferî icmâ anlayışları arasında metodolojik ve kavramsal farklılıklar bulunmakta olup, Sünnî usûlde icmâ erken dönemde teorize edilip sistematikleştirilmişken, Caferî usûlde özellikle gaybet-i kübrâ sonrasında gelişmiştir. Caferî âlimler icmâı, masûm imamın görüşünü tespit etmeye yönelik bir delil olarak kabul etmektedir. Dolayısıyla klasik mezhep usûlünde icmâ, muhassal imamın görüşüne dayalı ve menkûl başka bir âlim veya kaynağın naklettiği olarak ikiye ayrılmaktadır. Tahkîk ekolü, özellikle muhassal icmâya dair duhûlî icmâ, lutuf kaidesi, teşerrüfî icmâ ve sezgisel icmâ olmak üzere dört teoriyi tartışmakta; bu teorilerin çoğunu geçersiz bulmakta ve bu türden icmâın nadiren gerçekleştiğini savunmaktadır. Menkûl icmâ konusunda ise Tahkîk ekolü, bu türden bir icmâın bağlayıcı bir delil olma niteliği taşımadığını ve imamın görüşünü yansıtma gücüne sahip olmadığını ileri sürmektedir. Neticede icmâın fıkıh ilmindeki konumu ve işlevi ile Tahkîk ekolünün bu konudaki yaklaşımlarının mezhep içinde hâkim anlayışı yansıtması, konu hakkında çalışmayı gerekli ve önemli kılmaktadır. Bu düşünceden hareketle Tahkîk ekolünün icmâ hakkındaki eleştirileri ile icmâın hücciyyet değeri ve gerçekleşme imkânına dair yaklaşımlarını karşılaştırma ve tahlîle dayalı bir şekilde detaylandıran çalışmamızda, ekolün icmâın teorik zemine şüpheci yaklaştığı ve sorgulama neticesinde onun kesin bir delil teşkil edemeyeceğini savunduğu görülmektedir.

Makale detayları

The Evidence of Consensus (Ijmāʿ) in the Taḥqīq School within Jaʿfarī Jurisprudential Methodology, its Authority and Approaches to Classical Ijmāʿ Theories

Yazarlar:

Seracettin Eraydın

Yayıncı:

Bursa Uludağ University

Ana Başlıklar:

İslam Hukuku

Dergi:

Uludağ İlahiyat Dergisi Vol.34 Issue 1, pp.99-117

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

6/2025

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001351056

pISSN:

2980-2482

Islamic Law

Jaʿfarī

Principles

Methodology

Ijmā

Imāmate

Hujjiyya

Taḥqīq School.İslam Hukuku

Ca‘ferî

Usûl

İcmâ

İmâmet

Hüccet

Tahkîk Ekolü.

Sayı

Makale detayları

Yazarlar: Seracettin Eraydın

Yayıncı: Bursa Uludağ University

Ana Başlıklar: İslam Hukuku

Dergi: Uludağ İlahiyat Dergisi Vol.34 Issue 1, pp.99-117

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 6/2025

Belge Dili: Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.): 2001351056

pISSN: 2980-2482

Sayı

Yazarlar:

Seracettin Eraydın

Yayıncı:

Bursa Uludağ University

Ana Başlıklar:

İslam Hukuku

Dergi:

Uludağ İlahiyat Dergisi Vol.34 Issue 1, pp.99-117

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

6/2025

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001351056

pISSN:

2980-2482