Analysis of the Internal Ballistic Process of a 9x19 mm Pistol Barrel Using the Finite Element Method and Experimental Validation

Burak Özcan; Mehmet Sefa Seyis; Ulvi Şeker; Abdullah Kurt

Makale detayları

Analysis of the Internal Ballistic Process of a 9x19 mm Pistol Barrel Using the Finite Element Method and Experimental Validation

Yazarlar:

Burak Özcan | Mehmet Sefa Seyis | Ulvi Şeker | Abdullah Kurt

Yayıncı:

Erciyes University

Ana Başlıklar:

Balistik Sistemleri | Katı Mekanik | Sayısal Modelleme ve Mekanik Karakterizasyon

Dergi:

Enginoscope Vol.1 Issue 2, pp.116-135

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

7/2025

Belge Dili:

İngilizce

Document ID (Org No.):

2001355852

pISSN:

3062-2360

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 In this study, the barrel and bullet geometries of a 9x19 mm calibre pistol system were modelled using the finite element method, and the thermomechanical behaviour developing as a result of the internal ballistic process after firing was analysed numerically. AISI 4340 and brass materials were assigned to the barrel and bullet jacket used in the weapon system, respectively; the sensitivity of material behaviour to high temperature and strain rate was represented by the Johnson-Cook JC model. The internal ballistic pressure-time data were obtained using the Vallier-Heydenreich equations, and the stress, plastic deformation, temperature, and bullet exit velocity values developing between the bullet and the barrel over time were analysed in the Explicit Dynamics module of the Ansys Workbench software. The analysis results were validated with experimental data obtained from the actual firing rig; it was determined that the obtained bullet exit velocity showed a deviation of 1.82 from the experimental measurement. Additionally, the plastic deformation occurring in the bullet core after firing was compared with the bullet geometry scanned after actual firings, and the physical accuracy of the numerical model was quantitatively evaluated. The study demonstrates that validated numerical models are an effective tool for optimising ballistic design processes by reducing the need for prototypes.

 In this study, the barrel and bullet geometries of a 9x19 mm calibre pistol system were modelled using the finite element method, and the thermomechanical behaviour developing as a result of the internal ballistic process after firing was analysed numerically. AISI 4340 and brass materials were assigned to the barrel and bullet jacket used in the weapon system, respectively; the sensitivity of material behaviour to high temperature and strain rate was represented by the Johnson-Cook JC model. The internal ballistic pressure-time data were obtained using the Vallier-Heydenreich equations, and the stress, plastic deformation, temperature, and bullet exit velocity values developing between the bullet and the barrel over time were analysed in the Explicit Dynamics module of the Ansys Workbench software. The analysis results were validated with experimental data obtained from the actual firing rig; it was determined that the obtained bullet exit velocity showed a deviation of 1.82 from the experimental measurement. Additionally, the plastic deformation occurring in the bullet core after firing was compared with the bullet geometry scanned after actual firings, and the physical accuracy of the numerical model was quantitatively evaluated. The study demonstrates that validated numerical models are an effective tool for optimising ballistic design processes by reducing the need for prototypes.

 In this study, the barrel and bullet geometries of a 9x19 mm calibre pistol system were modelled using the finite element method, and the thermomechanical behaviour developing as a result of the internal ballistic process after firing was analysed numerically. AISI 4340 and brass materials were assigned to the barrel and bullet jacket used in the weapon system, respectively; the sensitivity of material behaviour to high temperature and strain rate was represented by the Johnson-Cook JC model. The internal ballistic pressure-time data were obtained using the Vallier-Heydenreich equations, and the stress, plastic deformation, temperature, and bullet exit velocity values developing between the bullet and the barrel over time were analysed in the Explicit Dynamics module of the Ansys Workbench software. The analysis results were validated with experimental data obtained from the actual firing rig; it was determined that the obtained bullet exit velocity showed a deviation of 1.82 from the experimental measurement. Additionally, the plastic deformation occurring in the bullet core after firing was compared with the bullet geometry scanned after actual firings, and the physical accuracy of the numerical model was quantitatively evaluated. The study demonstrates that validated numerical models are an effective tool for optimising ballistic design processes by reducing the need for prototypes.

 Bu çalışmada, 9x19 mm kalibreye sahip bir tabanca sistemine ait namlu ve mermi geometrileri sonlu elemanlar yöntemi ile modellenmiş ve ateşleme sonrası iç balistik sürece bağlı olarak gelişen termomekanik davranışlar sayısal olarak analiz edilmiştir. Silah sisteminde kullanılan namlu ve mermi ceketi için sırasıyla AISI 4340 ve pirinç malzeme atanmış; malzeme davranışlarının yüksek sıcaklık ve şekil değiştirme hızına duyarlılığı Johnson-Cook JC modeli ile temsil edilmiştir. İç balistik basınç-zaman verileri, Vallier-Heydenreich denklemleri yardımıyla elde edilmiş ve zamana bağlı olarak mermi ile namlu arasında gelişen gerilme, plastik deformasyon, sıcaklık ve mermi çıkış hızı değerleri Ansys Workbench yazılımının Explicit Dynamics modülünde analiz edilmiştir. Analiz sonuçları, gerçek atış düzeneğinde elde edilen deneysel verilerle doğrulanmış; elde edilen mermi çıkış hızının deneysel ölçümle 1,82 oranında bir sapma gösterdiği belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca, ateşleme sonrası mermi çekirdeğinde meydana gelen plastik deformasyon, gerçek atışlar sonrası taranmış olan mermi geometrisi ile karşılaştırılmış ve sayısal modelin fiziksel doğruluğu nicel olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışma, doğrulanmış sayısal modellerin, prototip gereksinimini azaltarak balistik tasarım süreçlerini optimize etmede etkili bir araç olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır.

Makale detayları

Analysis of the Internal Ballistic Process of a 9x19 mm Pistol Barrel Using the Finite Element Method and Experimental Validation

Yazarlar:

Burak Özcan | Mehmet Sefa Seyis | Ulvi Şeker | Abdullah Kurt

Yayıncı:

Erciyes University

Ana Başlıklar:

Balistik Sistemleri | Katı Mekanik | Sayısal Modelleme ve Mekanik Karakterizasyon

Dergi:

Enginoscope Vol.1 Issue 2, pp.116-135

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

7/2025

Belge Dili:

İngilizce

Document ID (Org No.):

2001355852

pISSN:

3062-2360

Finite Element Analysis

Interior Ballistic

Gun Barrel.Sonlu Elemanlar Analizi

İç Balistik

Tabanca Namlusu.

Sayı

Makale detayları

Analysis of the Internal Ballistic Process of a 9x19 mm Pistol Barrel Using the Finite Element Method and Experimental Validation

Yazarlar: Burak Özcan | Mehmet Sefa Seyis | Ulvi Şeker | Abdullah Kurt

Yayıncı: Erciyes University

Ana Başlıklar: Balistik Sistemleri | Katı Mekanik | Sayısal Modelleme ve Mekanik Karakterizasyon

Dergi: Enginoscope Vol.1 Issue 2, pp.116-135

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 7/2025

Belge Dili: İngilizce

Document ID (Org No.): 2001355852

pISSN: 3062-2360

Finite Element Analysis

Interior Ballistic

Gun Barrel.Sonlu Elemanlar Analizi

İç Balistik

Tabanca Namlusu.

Sayı

Yazarlar:

Burak Özcan | Mehmet Sefa Seyis | Ulvi Şeker | Abdullah Kurt

Yayıncı:

Erciyes University

Ana Başlıklar:

Balistik Sistemleri | Katı Mekanik | Sayısal Modelleme ve Mekanik Karakterizasyon

Dergi:

Enginoscope Vol.1 Issue 2, pp.116-135

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

7/2025

Belge Dili:

İngilizce

Document ID (Org No.):

2001355852

pISSN:

3062-2360