Comparative Analysis of Deep Flow and Nutrient Film Technique in Vertical Farming

Temuçin Göktürk Seyhan; Sinem Seyhan

Makale detayları

Comparative Analysis of Deep Flow and Nutrient Film Technique in Vertical Farming

Yazarlar:

Temuçin Göktürk Seyhan | Sinem Seyhan

Yayıncı:

Tekirdag Namik Kemal University

Ana Başlıklar:

Tarım Makine Sistemleri

Dergi:

Tekirdağ Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi Vol.22 Issue 2, pp.362-372

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

5/2025

Belge Dili:

İngilizce

Document ID (Org No.):

2001348110

pISSN:

1302-7050

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 Unlike traditional agriculture, vertical farming systems utilize soilless cultivation methods. Various solid media cultures or hydroponic methods can be employed for soilless farming. The selection of methods and materials should be based on criteria such as economic feasibility, accessibility, sustainability, ease of use and management, as well as operating costs, efficiency, and quality. In these intensive production systems, it is crucial to design, establish, and operate them like a factory to maintain high profitability. Since plant growth and development in vertical farming are faster compared to other agricultural methods, all harvesting, planting, irrigation, and system maintenance operations need to be carried out promptly. Therefore, determining which method or methods are more efficient in these systems is highly important. For the widespread adoption and sustainability of vertical farming, analyses of different methods and systems are necessary. The aim of this study is to contribute to the literature on methods for vertical farming facilities. In this study, lettuce, rocket, cress, and dill were cultivated under controlled climatic conditions in a fully enclosed and computer-controlled laboratory using the Deep Flow Technique DFT and Nutrient Film Technique NFT. The growth performance, yield characteristics, and quality parameters of the plants grown were compared between the two systems. For this comparison, total fresh weight, plant height and width, stem diameter, leaf count, discarded leaf count, and branching in applicable species were used. Additionally, the energy efficiency of the vertical farming systems established using the two techniques was evaluated. The energy use efficiency EUE of the NFT and DFT systems was calculated as 4.16 g kWh¹ and 5.89 g kWh¹, respectively. The DFT system increased the total fresh weight and stem diameter in lettuce and dill plants by an average of 5. Due to the higher biomass production in the DFT system, its EUE was calculated to be 5 higher.

 Unlike traditional agriculture, vertical farming systems utilize soilless cultivation methods. Various solid media cultures or hydroponic methods can be employed for soilless farming. The selection of methods and materials should be based on criteria such as economic feasibility, accessibility, sustainability, ease of use and management, as well as operating costs, efficiency, and quality. In these intensive production systems, it is crucial to design, establish, and operate them like a factory to maintain high profitability. Since plant growth and development in vertical farming are faster compared to other agricultural methods, all harvesting, planting, irrigation, and system maintenance operations need to be carried out promptly. Therefore, determining which method or methods are more efficient in these systems is highly important. For the widespread adoption and sustainability of vertical farming, analyses of different methods and systems are necessary. The aim of this study is to contribute to the literature on methods for vertical farming facilities. In this study, lettuce, rocket, cress, and dill were cultivated under controlled climatic conditions in a fully enclosed and computer-controlled laboratory using the Deep Flow Technique DFT and Nutrient Film Technique NFT. The growth performance, yield characteristics, and quality parameters of the plants grown were compared between the two systems. For this comparison, total fresh weight, plant height and width, stem diameter, leaf count, discarded leaf count, and branching in applicable species were used. Additionally, the energy efficiency of the vertical farming systems established using the two techniques was evaluated. The energy use efficiency EUE of the NFT and DFT systems was calculated as 4.16 g kWh¹ and 5.89 g kWh¹, respectively. The DFT system increased the total fresh weight and stem diameter in lettuce and dill plants by an average of 5. Due to the higher biomass production in the DFT system, its EUE was calculated to be 5 higher.

 Unlike traditional agriculture, vertical farming systems utilize soilless cultivation methods. Various solid media cultures or hydroponic methods can be employed for soilless farming. The selection of methods and materials should be based on criteria such as economic feasibility, accessibility, sustainability, ease of use and management, as well as operating costs, efficiency, and quality. In these intensive production systems, it is crucial to design, establish, and operate them like a factory to maintain high profitability. Since plant growth and development in vertical farming are faster compared to other agricultural methods, all harvesting, planting, irrigation, and system maintenance operations need to be carried out promptly. Therefore, determining which method or methods are more efficient in these systems is highly important. For the widespread adoption and sustainability of vertical farming, analyses of different methods and systems are necessary. The aim of this study is to contribute to the literature on methods for vertical farming facilities. In this study, lettuce, rocket, cress, and dill were cultivated under controlled climatic conditions in a fully enclosed and computer-controlled laboratory using the Deep Flow Technique DFT and Nutrient Film Technique NFT. The growth performance, yield characteristics, and quality parameters of the plants grown were compared between the two systems. For this comparison, total fresh weight, plant height and width, stem diameter, leaf count, discarded leaf count, and branching in applicable species were used. Additionally, the energy efficiency of the vertical farming systems established using the two techniques was evaluated. The energy use efficiency EUE of the NFT and DFT systems was calculated as 4.16 g kWh¹ and 5.89 g kWh¹, respectively. The DFT system increased the total fresh weight and stem diameter in lettuce and dill plants by an average of 5. Due to the higher biomass production in the DFT system, its EUE was calculated to be 5 higher.

 Geleneksel tarımdan farklı olarak dikey tarım sistemlerinde topraksız kültür yöntemleri kullanılmaktadır. Topraksız tarım için çeşitli katı ortam kültürleri veya su kültürü yöntemleri kullanmak mümkün olmaktadır. Yöntemlerin ve materyallerin seçimi, ekonomik uygunluk, erişilebilirlik, sürdürülebilirlik, kullanım ve yönetim kolaylığı gibi kriterlerin yanı sıra işletme maliyetleri, verimlilik ve kalite açısından değerlendirilerek yapılmalıdır. Bu tür yoğun üretim sistemlerinde, karlılığı yüksek tutmak için bir fabrika gibi planlamak, kurmak ve işletmek önemlidir. Dikey tarımda bitkilerin büyüme ve gelişmesi diğer tarım yöntemlerine göre daha hızlı olduğu için tüm hasat, ekim, sulama ve sistem bakım işlemlerinin hızlı bir şekilde yapılmasını gerektirir. Dolayısıyla bu sistemlerde hangi yöntem veya yöntemlerin daha verimli olduğu oldukça önemlidir. Dikey tarımın yaygınlaşması ve sürdürülebilir olması için farklı yöntemlere ve sistem analizlerine ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, dikey tarım tesisleri için bir yöntem literatürü oluşturulmasına katkı sağlamaktır. Bu çalışmada, tamamen kapalı ve bilgisayar kontrollü bir laboratuvarda, iklim parametrelerinin kontrol edildiği koşullarda, Derin Akış Tekniği DFT ve Besleyici Film Tekniği NFT kullanılarak marul, roka, tere ve dereotu bitki türleri yetiştirilmiştir. Yetiştirilen bitkilerin gelişim durumları, verim özellikleri ve kalite parametreleri her iki sistem arasında karşılaştırılmıştır. Bu karşılaştırma yapılırken toplam taze ağırlık, bitki boyu ve eni, gövde çapı, yaprak sayısı, ıskarta sayısı ve uygun bitki türlerinde dallanma sayısı kullanılmıştır. Ayrıca, iki farklı teknik kullanılarak kurulan dikey tarım sistemlerinin enerji verimliliği değerlendirilmiştir. NFT ve DFT sistemlerin enerji kullanım etkinliği sırasıyla 4.16 g kWh-1 ve 5.89 g kWh-1 olarak hesaplanmıştır. DFT sistemi marul ve dereotu bitkilerinde toplam taze ağırlığı ve gövde çapını ortalama 5 oranında artırmıştır. DFT sisteminde daha fazla biyokütle üretildiği için Enerji Kullanım Etkinliği EUE 5 daha yüksek olarak hesaplanmaktadır.

Makale detayları

Comparative Analysis of Deep Flow and Nutrient Film Technique in Vertical Farming

Yazarlar:

Temuçin Göktürk Seyhan | Sinem Seyhan

Yayıncı:

Tekirdag Namik Kemal University

Ana Başlıklar:

Tarım Makine Sistemleri

Dergi:

Tekirdağ Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi Vol.22 Issue 2, pp.362-372

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

5/2025

Belge Dili:

İngilizce

Document ID (Org No.):

2001348110

pISSN:

1302-7050

Nutrient film technique

Deep flow technique

Vertical farming

Energy use efficiency

Controlled environment agricultureBesleyici film tekniği

Derin akış tekniği

Dikey tarım

Enerji kullanım etkinliği

Kontrollü ortam tarımı

Sayı

Makale detayları

Yazarlar: Temuçin Göktürk Seyhan | Sinem Seyhan

Yayıncı: Tekirdag Namik Kemal University

Ana Başlıklar: Tarım Makine Sistemleri

Dergi: Tekirdağ Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi Vol.22 Issue 2, pp.362-372

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 5/2025

Belge Dili: İngilizce

Document ID (Org No.): 2001348110

pISSN: 1302-7050

Sayı

Yazarlar:

Temuçin Göktürk Seyhan | Sinem Seyhan

Yayıncı:

Tekirdag Namik Kemal University

Ana Başlıklar:

Tarım Makine Sistemleri

Dergi:

Tekirdağ Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi Vol.22 Issue 2, pp.362-372

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

5/2025

Belge Dili:

İngilizce

Document ID (Org No.):

2001348110

pISSN:

1302-7050