THE TRUE NATURE OF ARMENIAN MIGRATION ON THE EASTERN FRONT:  THE CASE OF BİTLİS PROVINCE (1914-1922)

Güzin Çaykıran

Makale detayları

THE TRUE NATURE OF ARMENIAN MIGRATION ON THE EASTERN FRONT: THE CASE OF BİTLİS PROVINCE (1914-1922)

Yazarlar:

Güzin Çaykıran

Yayıncı:

Dokuz Eylul University

Ana Başlıklar:

Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Tarihi

Dergi:

Çağdaş Türkiye Tarihi Araştırmaları Dergisi Vol.24 Issue 48, pp.37-52

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

7/2024

Belge Dili:

İngilizce

Document ID (Org No.):

2001324159

pISSN:

1300-0756

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 On 28 July 1914, when the First World War started, the Russian Caucasian army attacked the Ottoman lands in November 1914 and many Armenians adhere the Russian army. Taking advantage of this rebellion, Russian troops occupied Van on 20 May 1915 and dominated the region. With the occupation of Van, the Ottoman Government enacted the Law on Relocation and Resettlement on 27 May 1915 and relocated some Armenians in the war zones to the southern provinces of the Ottoman Empire for military reasons. In July 1915, the Russians, were forced to migrate the Armenians in the zone of occupation to the Caucasus. With the Russian occupation of Eastern Anatolia in 1916, the Armenians who had migrated returned. In 1917, with the withdrawal of the Russian Caucasian army, these Armenians had fled with the Russians. With the signing of the Armistice of Mudros, some Armenians came to Bitlis. In 1922, with the success of the Turkish War of Independence, Armenians who did not want to stay in Anatolia migrated to Istanbul and various Western countries. With the outbreak of the First World War, Armenians experienced a continuous migration movement due to the war conditions. Bitlis was one of the provinces where this migration movement took place. One of the main reasons for choosing Bitlis as a sample is that it is a province with a high Armenian population density. Secondly, the occupation of Bitlis by the Russians. It is assumed that the Armenian migrations in Bitlis were political in nature rather than war related. In this respect, it was determined that the Armenian population mobility in Bitlis took place eight times. As a result, it is possible to say that the main reason for such frequent mobility was that the Armenians acted with the Allies.

 On 28 July 1914, when the First World War started, the Russian Caucasian army attacked the Ottoman lands in November 1914 and many Armenians adhere the Russian army. Taking advantage of this rebellion, Russian troops occupied Van on 20 May 1915 and dominated the region. With the occupation of Van, the Ottoman Government enacted the Law on Relocation and Resettlement on 27 May 1915 and relocated some Armenians in the war zones to the southern provinces of the Ottoman Empire for military reasons. In July 1915, the Russians, were forced to migrate the Armenians in the zone of occupation to the Caucasus. With the Russian occupation of Eastern Anatolia in 1916, the Armenians who had migrated returned. In 1917, with the withdrawal of the Russian Caucasian army, these Armenians had fled with the Russians. With the signing of the Armistice of Mudros, some Armenians came to Bitlis. In 1922, with the success of the Turkish War of Independence, Armenians who did not want to stay in Anatolia migrated to Istanbul and various Western countries. With the outbreak of the First World War, Armenians experienced a continuous migration movement due to the war conditions. Bitlis was one of the provinces where this migration movement took place. One of the main reasons for choosing Bitlis as a sample is that it is a province with a high Armenian population density. Secondly, the occupation of Bitlis by the Russians. It is assumed that the Armenian migrations in Bitlis were political in nature rather than war related. In this respect, it was determined that the Armenian population mobility in Bitlis took place eight times. As a result, it is possible to say that the main reason for such frequent mobility was that the Armenians acted with the Allies.

 On 28 July 1914, when the First World War started, the Russian Caucasian army attacked the Ottoman lands in November 1914 and many Armenians adhere the Russian army. Taking advantage of this rebellion, Russian troops occupied Van on 20 May 1915 and dominated the region. With the occupation of Van, the Ottoman Government enacted the Law on Relocation and Resettlement on 27 May 1915 and relocated some Armenians in the war zones to the southern provinces of the Ottoman Empire for military reasons. In July 1915, the Russians, were forced to migrate the Armenians in the zone of occupation to the Caucasus. With the Russian occupation of Eastern Anatolia in 1916, the Armenians who had migrated returned. In 1917, with the withdrawal of the Russian Caucasian army, these Armenians had fled with the Russians. With the signing of the Armistice of Mudros, some Armenians came to Bitlis. In 1922, with the success of the Turkish War of Independence, Armenians who did not want to stay in Anatolia migrated to Istanbul and various Western countries. With the outbreak of the First World War, Armenians experienced a continuous migration movement due to the war conditions. Bitlis was one of the provinces where this migration movement took place. One of the main reasons for choosing Bitlis as a sample is that it is a province with a high Armenian population density. Secondly, the occupation of Bitlis by the Russians. It is assumed that the Armenian migrations in Bitlis were political in nature rather than war related. In this respect, it was determined that the Armenian population mobility in Bitlis took place eight times. As a result, it is possible to say that the main reason for such frequent mobility was that the Armenians acted with the Allies.

 28 Temmuz 1914te Birinci Dünya Savaşı başladığı zaman Kasım 1914te Rus Kafkas ordusu, Osmanlı topraklarına saldırmış ve birçok Ermeni, Rus ordusuna iltihak etmişti. Kalanların bir kısmı da Osmanlı Hükümetine isyan etmişti. Bu isyandan faydalanan Rus birlikleri, 20 Mayıs 1915te Vanı işgal ederek bölgeye hakim olmuştu. Vanın işgaliyle birlikte Osmanlı Hükümeti, 27 Mayıs 1915te Sevk ve İskân Kânununu çıkarmış ve savaş mıntıkalarında bulunan bir kısım Ermeniyi askerî gerekçelerle Osmanlının güney vilayetlerine sevk etmişti. Temmuz 1915te de Ruslar, işgal mıntıkasında bulunan Ermenileri, Kafkasyaya göç ettirmişti. Rusların 1916da Doğu Anadoluyu işgaliyle birlikte göç eden Ermeniler, dönüş yapmışlardı. 1917 yılında ise Rus Kafkas ordusunun çekilmesiyle göç eden bu Ermeniler, Ruslarla beraber kaçmışlardı. Mondros Mütarekesinin imzalanmasıyla da Bitlise bir kısım Ermeni gelmişti. 1922de ise Türk İstiklal Harbinin başarısıyla Anadoluda kalmak istemeyen Ermeniler, İstanbul ve çeşitli Batı ülkelerine göç etmişlerdi. Birinci Dünya Savaşının başlamasıyla birlikte savaş koşullarına bağlı olarak Ermeniler, sürekli olarak göç hareketi yaşamışlardır. Bu göç hareketinin yaşandığı vilayetlerden biri de Bitlis idi. Bitlisin örneklem olarak seçilmesindeki ana sebeplerden biri öncelikle Ermeni nüfus yoğunluğunun olduğu bir vilayet olmasıdır. İkinci olarak da Rusların Bitlisi işgal etmeleridir. Bitlisteki Ermeni göçlerinin savaştan ziyade siyasi bir mahiyet taşıdığı varsayılmaktadır. Bu minvalde Bitlisteki Ermeni nüfus hareketliliğinin sekiz defa gerçekleştiği tespit edilmiştir. Netice itibariyle bu kadar sık hareketliliğin ana sebebi olarak Ermenilerin Müttefiklerle hareket etmesinden kaynaklandığını söylemek mümkündür.

Makale detayları

THE TRUE NATURE OF ARMENIAN MIGRATION ON THE EASTERN FRONT: THE CASE OF BİTLİS PROVINCE (1914-1922)

Yazarlar:

Güzin Çaykıran

Yayıncı:

Dokuz Eylul University

Ana Başlıklar:

Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Tarihi

Dergi:

Çağdaş Türkiye Tarihi Araştırmaları Dergisi Vol.24 Issue 48, pp.37-52

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

7/2024

Belge Dili:

İngilizce

Document ID (Org No.):

2001324159

pISSN:

1300-0756

Ottoman Empire

World War I

Bitlis Province

Armenians

MigrationsOsmanlı Devleti

Birinci Dünya Savaşı

Bitlis Vilayeti

Ermeniler

Göçler.

Sayı

Makale detayları

Yazarlar: Güzin Çaykıran

Yayıncı: Dokuz Eylul University

Ana Başlıklar: Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Tarihi

Dergi: Çağdaş Türkiye Tarihi Araştırmaları Dergisi Vol.24 Issue 48, pp.37-52

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 7/2024

Belge Dili: İngilizce

Document ID (Org No.): 2001324159

pISSN: 1300-0756

Sayı

Yazarlar:

Güzin Çaykıran

Yayıncı:

Dokuz Eylul University

Ana Başlıklar:

Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Tarihi

Dergi:

Çağdaş Türkiye Tarihi Araştırmaları Dergisi Vol.24 Issue 48, pp.37-52

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

7/2024

Belge Dili:

İngilizce

Document ID (Org No.):

2001324159

pISSN:

1300-0756