Investigation of rockfall potential on Torul-Kürtün (Gümüşhane) highway slopes by 3D analyses and evaluation of slope protection methods

Hakan Ersoy; Murat Karahan; Muhammet Oğuz Sünnetci; Arzu Fırat Ersoy

Makale detayları

Investigation of rockfall potential on Torul-Kürtün (Gümüşhane) highway slopes by 3D analyses and evaluation of slope protection methods

Yazarlar:

Hakan Ersoy | Murat Karahan | Muhammet Oğuz Sünnetci | Arzu Fırat Ersoy

Yayıncı:

Gumushane University

Ana Başlıklar:

Mühendislik Jeolojisi

Dergi:

Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi Vol.14 Issue 4, pp.992-1003

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

12/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001333155

pISSN:

2146-538X

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 In this study, the rockfall potential of the rock slopes on the Tortul-Kürtün Highway was evaluated by three-dimensional rockfall analyses. Based on the results of these analyses, different slope protection methods were proposed. To this end, in the first stage, flights were made with LIDAR-integrated unmanned aerial vehicles in order to establish a digital terrain model. This was followed by the preparation of a digital terrain model of the rock slopes using the photogrammetric data obtained. In the study, the block sizes and shapes to be used as a source in 3D analyses were determined by taking into account the data obtained from discontinuity measurements and the blocks that had previously fallen and accumulated on the slope bases. Furthermore, the normal coefficient of restitution was accepted as 0.75, the tangential coefficient of restitution as 0.75, and the friction coefficient as 0.4 by considering the literature data. In the 3D rockfall analyses, the following parameters were calculated: block energy, bounce height, stoop points, and block velocity values. The resulting 3D visuals of these values were prepared. The results of the analyses indicate that the average block velocity values are 15 ms, with maximum values of block energies varying between 50 and 200 kJ in different areas. The results of the 3D rockfall analysis, the location and height of the slopes, the width of the buffer zones between the slopes and the highway were evaluated as a whole. It was recommended that the rock slopes be coverred using wire rope net after stonerock cleaning in areas with block energy values less than 100 kJ and high capacity steel wire ring net over the wire rope net in areas with block energy values higher than 100 kJ.

 In this study, the rockfall potential of the rock slopes on the Tortul-Kürtün Highway was evaluated by three-dimensional rockfall analyses. Based on the results of these analyses, different slope protection methods were proposed. To this end, in the first stage, flights were made with LIDAR-integrated unmanned aerial vehicles in order to establish a digital terrain model. This was followed by the preparation of a digital terrain model of the rock slopes using the photogrammetric data obtained. In the study, the block sizes and shapes to be used as a source in 3D analyses were determined by taking into account the data obtained from discontinuity measurements and the blocks that had previously fallen and accumulated on the slope bases. Furthermore, the normal coefficient of restitution was accepted as 0.75, the tangential coefficient of restitution as 0.75, and the friction coefficient as 0.4 by considering the literature data. In the 3D rockfall analyses, the following parameters were calculated: block energy, bounce height, stoop points, and block velocity values. The resulting 3D visuals of these values were prepared. The results of the analyses indicate that the average block velocity values are 15 ms, with maximum values of block energies varying between 50 and 200 kJ in different areas. The results of the 3D rockfall analysis, the location and height of the slopes, the width of the buffer zones between the slopes and the highway were evaluated as a whole. It was recommended that the rock slopes be coverred using wire rope net after stonerock cleaning in areas with block energy values less than 100 kJ and high capacity steel wire ring net over the wire rope net in areas with block energy values higher than 100 kJ.

 In this study, the rockfall potential of the rock slopes on the Tortul-Kürtün Highway was evaluated by three-dimensional rockfall analyses. Based on the results of these analyses, different slope protection methods were proposed. To this end, in the first stage, flights were made with LIDAR-integrated unmanned aerial vehicles in order to establish a digital terrain model. This was followed by the preparation of a digital terrain model of the rock slopes using the photogrammetric data obtained. In the study, the block sizes and shapes to be used as a source in 3D analyses were determined by taking into account the data obtained from discontinuity measurements and the blocks that had previously fallen and accumulated on the slope bases. Furthermore, the normal coefficient of restitution was accepted as 0.75, the tangential coefficient of restitution as 0.75, and the friction coefficient as 0.4 by considering the literature data. In the 3D rockfall analyses, the following parameters were calculated: block energy, bounce height, stoop points, and block velocity values. The resulting 3D visuals of these values were prepared. The results of the analyses indicate that the average block velocity values are 15 ms, with maximum values of block energies varying between 50 and 200 kJ in different areas. The results of the 3D rockfall analysis, the location and height of the slopes, the width of the buffer zones between the slopes and the highway were evaluated as a whole. It was recommended that the rock slopes be coverred using wire rope net after stonerock cleaning in areas with block energy values less than 100 kJ and high capacity steel wire ring net over the wire rope net in areas with block energy values higher than 100 kJ.

 Bu çalışmada Tortul-Kürtün Karayolunda bulunan kaya şevlerindeki kaya düşme potansiyeli 3 boyutlu kaya düşme analizleriyle değerlendirilmiş, analiz sonuçlarına göre farklı ıslah yöntemleri önerilmiştir. Bu amaçla ilk aşamada sayısal arazi modelinin kurulması amacıyla LİDAR entegre insansız hava araçları ile uçuşlar yapılmış, elde edilen fotogrametrik veriler kullanılarak çalışma konusu kaya şevlerine ait sayısal arazi modeli hazırlanmıştır. Çalışmada süreksizlik ölçümlerinden elde edilen veriler ve daha önce düşerek şev tabanlarında biriken bloklar dikkate alınarak 3 boyutlu analizlerde kaynak olarak kullanılacak blok boyutları ve şekilleri belirlenmiş, literatür verileri dikkate alınarak normal geri verme katsayısı 0.75, tanjant geri verme katsayısı 0.75, sürtünme katsayısı 0.4 olarak kabul edilmiştir. Yapılan 3 boyutlu kaya düşme analizlerinde blok enerjisi, sıçrama yüksekliği, hareket eden blokların durduğu noktalar ve blok hızı değerleri hesaplanmış ve bu değerlere ait 3 boyutlu görseller hazırlanmıştır Analiz sonuçları blok hızı değerlerinin ortalama 15 ms olduğunu, blok enerjilerinin maksimum değerlerinin farklı alanlarda 50-200 kJ arasında değiştiğini göstermektedir. 3 boyutlu kaya düşme analiz sonuçları, şevlerin konumu ve yüksekliği, şevler ile karayolu arasındaki tampon bölgelerin genişliği gibi özellikler bir bütün olarak değerlendirilerek blok enerji değeri 100 kJdan küçük olan alanlarda yamaç temizliği sonrası güçlendirilmiş çelik ağ, blok enerji değeri 100 kJdan yüksek olan alanlarda güçlendirilmiş çelik ağ üzerinde yüksek kapasiteli halka ağ kullanarak şevlerin sarılması önerilmiştir.

Makale detayları

Investigation of rockfall potential on Torul-Kürtün (Gümüşhane) highway slopes by 3D analyses and evaluation of slope protection methods

Yazarlar:

Hakan Ersoy | Murat Karahan | Muhammet Oğuz Sünnetci | Arzu Fırat Ersoy

Yayıncı:

Gumushane University

Ana Başlıklar:

Mühendislik Jeolojisi

Dergi:

Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi Vol.14 Issue 4, pp.992-1003

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

12/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001333155

pISSN:

2146-538X

Steel fence

Gümüşhane

Highway

Rockfall

Slope

3DÇelik ağ

Gümüşhane

Karayolu

Kaya düşmesi

Şev

3 boyut

Sayı

Makale detayları

Yazarlar: Hakan Ersoy | Murat Karahan | Muhammet Oğuz Sünnetci | Arzu Fırat Ersoy

Yayıncı: Gumushane University

Ana Başlıklar: Mühendislik Jeolojisi

Dergi: Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi Vol.14 Issue 4, pp.992-1003

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 12/2024

Belge Dili: Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.): 2001333155

pISSN: 2146-538X

Sayı

Yazarlar:

Hakan Ersoy | Murat Karahan | Muhammet Oğuz Sünnetci | Arzu Fırat Ersoy

Yayıncı:

Gumushane University

Ana Başlıklar:

Mühendislik Jeolojisi

Dergi:

Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi Vol.14 Issue 4, pp.992-1003

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

12/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001333155

pISSN:

2146-538X