Traces of ‘Tadwīr’, a Distinctive Feature in Arabic Poetry, in Classical Turkish Poetry

Bünyamin Ayçiçeği

Makale detayları

Traces of ‘Tadwīr’, a Distinctive Feature in Arabic Poetry, in Classical Turkish Poetry

Yazarlar:

Bünyamin Ayçiçeği

Yayıncı:

Sivas Cumhuriyet University

Ana Başlıklar:

Türk İslam Edebiyatı | Edebi Çalışmalar (Diğer)

Dergi:

Cumhuriyet İlahiyat Dergisi Vol.28 Issue 2, pp.706-721

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

12/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001333371

pISSN:

2528-9861

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 Different nations that came into contact with Arabs incorporated the aruz metrical system into their own poetry by adapting it to the unique linguistic characteristics of their languages. Particularly in Persian literature, starting from the 11th century, aruz began to evolve according to the peculiarities of the Persian language. In Turkish literature, however, the adaptation of aruz to Turkish was shaped more by practical applications than by theoretical foundations. Over time, Turkish poets managed to adapt aruz to their language and composed Turkish poetry within the framework of the rules they had established. Nevertheless, they have rarely adapted some of the aruz applications used in Arabic poetry to Turkish poetry. One such application is tadwīr, which means splitting a word between the two lines of a couplet, resulting in mudawwar couplets. It is a problem that, in the works written on aruz in Turkish literature, either there has been no mention of mudawwar couplets or the conclusion has been drawn from a few examples that this usage is quite limited in Turkish poetry. The aim of our study is to address the presence of tadwīr, which is found in Arabic poetry and reportedly not encountered in Persian poetry, in Turkish poetry and to explain the presence of tadwīr and mudawwar couplets in Turkish literature through examples that have not been highlighted. Firstly, the article focuses on the definition, origin, development, transition, and application of aruz in Turkish poetry using document analysis, a qualitative research method. The connection and differences between Arabic aruz and Turkish aruz are discussed. Then, the concepts of tadwīr and mudawwar couplets are explained, and various terminologies are addressed, with efforts made to illuminate the topic through examples from Arabic poetry. Sources related to the application of aruz in Turkish poetry were examined to investigate whether the concepts of tadwīr and mudawwar couplets are present in Turkish literature. As a result of the examination, it was observed that the concepts of tadwīr and mudawwar couplets were either not mentioned at all in the relevant sources, or conclusions were drawn from one or two examples found in a single study. After addressing the reasons for this, different examples from the 15th to the 19th century were analyzed, and the results obtained were presented.

 Different nations that came into contact with Arabs incorporated the aruz metrical system into their own poetry by adapting it to the unique linguistic characteristics of their languages. Particularly in Persian literature, starting from the 11th century, aruz began to evolve according to the peculiarities of the Persian language. In Turkish literature, however, the adaptation of aruz to Turkish was shaped more by practical applications than by theoretical foundations. Over time, Turkish poets managed to adapt aruz to their language and composed Turkish poetry within the framework of the rules they had established. Nevertheless, they have rarely adapted some of the aruz applications used in Arabic poetry to Turkish poetry. One such application is tadwīr, which means splitting a word between the two lines of a couplet, resulting in mudawwar couplets. It is a problem that, in the works written on aruz in Turkish literature, either there has been no mention of mudawwar couplets or the conclusion has been drawn from a few examples that this usage is quite limited in Turkish poetry. The aim of our study is to address the presence of tadwīr, which is found in Arabic poetry and reportedly not encountered in Persian poetry, in Turkish poetry and to explain the presence of tadwīr and mudawwar couplets in Turkish literature through examples that have not been highlighted. Firstly, the article focuses on the definition, origin, development, transition, and application of aruz in Turkish poetry using document analysis, a qualitative research method. The connection and differences between Arabic aruz and Turkish aruz are discussed. Then, the concepts of tadwīr and mudawwar couplets are explained, and various terminologies are addressed, with efforts made to illuminate the topic through examples from Arabic poetry. Sources related to the application of aruz in Turkish poetry were examined to investigate whether the concepts of tadwīr and mudawwar couplets are present in Turkish literature. As a result of the examination, it was observed that the concepts of tadwīr and mudawwar couplets were either not mentioned at all in the relevant sources, or conclusions were drawn from one or two examples found in a single study. After addressing the reasons for this, different examples from the 15th to the 19th century were analyzed, and the results obtained were presented.

 Different nations that came into contact with Arabs incorporated the aruz metrical system into their own poetry by adapting it to the unique linguistic characteristics of their languages. Particularly in Persian literature, starting from the 11th century, aruz began to evolve according to the peculiarities of the Persian language. In Turkish literature, however, the adaptation of aruz to Turkish was shaped more by practical applications than by theoretical foundations. Over time, Turkish poets managed to adapt aruz to their language and composed Turkish poetry within the framework of the rules they had established. Nevertheless, they have rarely adapted some of the aruz applications used in Arabic poetry to Turkish poetry. One such application is tadwīr, which means splitting a word between the two lines of a couplet, resulting in mudawwar couplets. It is a problem that, in the works written on aruz in Turkish literature, either there has been no mention of mudawwar couplets or the conclusion has been drawn from a few examples that this usage is quite limited in Turkish poetry. The aim of our study is to address the presence of tadwīr, which is found in Arabic poetry and reportedly not encountered in Persian poetry, in Turkish poetry and to explain the presence of tadwīr and mudawwar couplets in Turkish literature through examples that have not been highlighted. Firstly, the article focuses on the definition, origin, development, transition, and application of aruz in Turkish poetry using document analysis, a qualitative research method. The connection and differences between Arabic aruz and Turkish aruz are discussed. Then, the concepts of tadwīr and mudawwar couplets are explained, and various terminologies are addressed, with efforts made to illuminate the topic through examples from Arabic poetry. Sources related to the application of aruz in Turkish poetry were examined to investigate whether the concepts of tadwīr and mudawwar couplets are present in Turkish literature. As a result of the examination, it was observed that the concepts of tadwīr and mudawwar couplets were either not mentioned at all in the relevant sources, or conclusions were drawn from one or two examples found in a single study. After addressing the reasons for this, different examples from the 15th to the 19th century were analyzed, and the results obtained were presented.

 Araplarla irtibat kurmuş farklı milletler manzumelerinde, aruz ölçüsünü kendi dil imkânlarına uygun hâle getirerek kullanmıştır. Özellikle İran edebiyatında, 11. asırdan başlayarak Fars dilinin hususiyetlerine göre aruz şekillenmeye başlamış, Türk edebiyatında ise aruzun Türkçeye tatbikine dair birtakım hususlar, teorik zeminden ziyade pratikler neticesinde şekillenmiştir. Zamanla Türk şairleri aruzu, dillerine uygun hâle getirmeyi başarmış, kendi kuralları çerçevesinde oluşturdukları kaideler dairesinde Türkçe manzumeler meydana getirmiştir. Bununla birlikte, Arap şiirinde kullanılan aruz uygulamalarından bazılarını Türk şiirine adapte etmişlerdir. Bu uygulamalardan biri de bir kelimenin beytin iki mısraı arasında bölünmesi anlamına gelen tedvîr ve bu şekilde kaleme alınan müdevver beyitlerdir. Bugüne kadar Türk edebiyatında aruzla ilgili kaleme alınan eserlerde, yapılan farklı çalışmalarda müdevver beyte hiç temas edilmemesi ya da birkaç örnekten hareketle Türk şiirinde bu kullanımın oldukça sınırlı sayıda olduğu sonucuna varılması, bir problem olarak karşımızda durmaktadır. Buradan hareketle çalışmamızın amacı, Arap şiirinde kendisine yer bulan, Fars şiirinde hiç rastlanmadığı ifade edilen tedvîrin Türk şiirindeki durumunu ele almak ve dikkat çekilmemiş örnekler üzerinden tedvîr uygulamasının ve müdevver beyitlerin Türk edebiyatındaki varlığını izah etmektir. Öncelikle makalede, nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden belge analizi yöntemi kullanılarak aruzun tanımı, doğuşu, gelişimi, Türk şiirine intikali ve tatbiki üzerinde durulmuştur. Arap aruzu ile Türk aruzu arasındaki irtibata ve farklılıklara temas edilmiştir. Ardından tedvîr ve müdevver beyit kavramları izah edilerek tanımın farklı isimlendirmelerine temas edilmiş, Arap şiirindeki örneklerine değinilerek konu aydınlatılmaya çalışılmıştır. Türk şiirinde aruzun tatbiki ile ilgili kaynaklar incelemeye tabi tutulup tedvîr ve müdevver beyit kavramlarının Türk edebiyatında yer alıp almadığı araştırılmıştır. Yapılan incelemeler neticesinde tedvîr ve müdevver beyit kavramlarına ya ilgili kaynaklarda hiç temas edilmediği ya da incelenen tek eser üzerinde rastlanan bir ya da iki örnekten hareketle bazı çıkarımların yapıldığı görülmüştür. Bunun sebepleri üzerinde durulduktan sonra on beşinci yüzyıldan başlayarak on dokuzuncu yüzyıla kadar uzanan süreçte elde edilen farklı örnekler irdelenmiş ve ulaşılan sonuçlar aktarılmıştır.

Makale detayları

Traces of ‘Tadwīr’, a Distinctive Feature in Arabic Poetry, in Classical Turkish Poetry

Yazarlar:

Bünyamin Ayçiçeği

Yayıncı:

Sivas Cumhuriyet University

Ana Başlıklar:

Türk İslam Edebiyatı | Edebi Çalışmalar (Diğer)

Dergi:

Cumhuriyet İlahiyat Dergisi Vol.28 Issue 2, pp.706-721

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

12/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001333371

pISSN:

2528-9861

Divan Poetry

Classical Turkish Poetry

Aruz

Turkish Aruz

Tedvîr

Müdevver Couplet.Divan Şiiri

Klasik Türk Şiiri

Aruz

Türk Aruzu

Tedvîr

Müdevver Beyit.

Sayı

Makale detayları

Yazarlar: Bünyamin Ayçiçeği

Yayıncı: Sivas Cumhuriyet University

Ana Başlıklar: Türk İslam Edebiyatı | Edebi Çalışmalar (Diğer)

Dergi: Cumhuriyet İlahiyat Dergisi Vol.28 Issue 2, pp.706-721

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 12/2024

Belge Dili: Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.): 2001333371

pISSN: 2528-9861

Sayı

Yazarlar:

Bünyamin Ayçiçeği

Yayıncı:

Sivas Cumhuriyet University

Ana Başlıklar:

Türk İslam Edebiyatı | Edebi Çalışmalar (Diğer)

Dergi:

Cumhuriyet İlahiyat Dergisi Vol.28 Issue 2, pp.706-721

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

12/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001333371

pISSN:

2528-9861