Cairo During the Period of Khedive Ismail Pasha: Contemporary Art Environment and Works of Reconstruction (1863-1879)

Göksu Özden Öner

Makale detayları

Cairo During the Period of Khedive Ismail Pasha: Contemporary Art Environment and Works of Reconstruction (1863-1879)

Yazarlar:

Göksu Özden Öner

Yayıncı:

Ege University

Ana Başlıklar:

Mimarlık Tarihi | Resim Tarihi | Sanat Tarihi

Dergi:

Sanat Tarihi Dergisi Vol.32 Issue 2, pp.915-935

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

12/2023

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001310271

pISSN:

1300-5707

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 The largest provincial capital of the Ottoman Empire, Cairo, went through a painful modernization process in the 19th century, accompanied by the coexistence of traditional life and new concepts imported from the West. The foundations of Egypts modernization were laid during the period of Muhammad Ali Pasha, and the reforms carried out during his reign were followed by the dynasty after him. Significant changes in the cultural and artistic environment of the city took place during the governorship of Ismail Pasha, Muhammad Ali Pashas grandson, in the second half of the century. During Ismail Pashas reign as Egypts first khedive 1863-1879, a period of rebuilding and reconstruction of Cairo was initiated with the privileges obtained. The Western understanding of art spread from the administration center to the streets, and efforts were made to declare modernized Egypt to all of Europe. The modernization of the Khedive was based on the civilization he witnessed in Europe. During the Ismail Pasha era; education, culture, and art of the West were brought to Cairo through many different means. The economic, political, educational, and cultural reforms implemented aimed to represent and announce the urban policies in the city. A region surrounded by wide streets, parks, and gardens was planned in the west of the city through the work of French city planner Pierre Grand. Cairo was divided into two separate silhouettes. İsmail Pashas modernization was not limited to urban planning and development works. The Khedive wanted to bring all of the visual arts he encountered in the West to Egypt as a representation of modernity. At the same time with the construction process of the city, many artists were also patronized. By the time of Ismail Pasha, Western artists were directly or indirectly supported by the administration, and they were given the opportunity to work comfortably in the city. In addition to painters, architects, landscape architects, European sculptors and photographers were hosted in the city. However, despite all these efforts, it does not seem possible to argue that a unique culture and art policy could be put forward during the reign of Ismail Pasha. Although the culture and art environment, copied from Europe without being included, attracted the desired attention, it could not directly affect the life of the public. Moreover, the Western cultural life and European styles adopted from the West, which can be observed in certain parts of the city, require a versatile interpretation. Khedive Ismail Pashas desire to create a power independent from the Ottoman Empire, his rebuilding of the urban identity with Western images and his efforts to surround it with the modern one were seen as a tool to reinforce his own power. However, as a result of the sixteen years of effort, Cairo turned into not a city that adapts to the contemporary world between tradition and modernity, but rather into a visible stage of Western ideology.

 The largest provincial capital of the Ottoman Empire, Cairo, went through a painful modernization process in the 19th century, accompanied by the coexistence of traditional life and new concepts imported from the West. The foundations of Egypts modernization were laid during the period of Muhammad Ali Pasha, and the reforms carried out during his reign were followed by the dynasty after him. Significant changes in the cultural and artistic environment of the city took place during the governorship of Ismail Pasha, Muhammad Ali Pashas grandson, in the second half of the century. During Ismail Pashas reign as Egypts first khedive 1863-1879, a period of rebuilding and reconstruction of Cairo was initiated with the privileges obtained. The Western understanding of art spread from the administration center to the streets, and efforts were made to declare modernized Egypt to all of Europe. The modernization of the Khedive was based on the civilization he witnessed in Europe. During the Ismail Pasha era; education, culture, and art of the West were brought to Cairo through many different means. The economic, political, educational, and cultural reforms implemented aimed to represent and announce the urban policies in the city. A region surrounded by wide streets, parks, and gardens was planned in the west of the city through the work of French city planner Pierre Grand. Cairo was divided into two separate silhouettes. İsmail Pashas modernization was not limited to urban planning and development works. The Khedive wanted to bring all of the visual arts he encountered in the West to Egypt as a representation of modernity. At the same time with the construction process of the city, many artists were also patronized. By the time of Ismail Pasha, Western artists were directly or indirectly supported by the administration, and they were given the opportunity to work comfortably in the city. In addition to painters, architects, landscape architects, European sculptors and photographers were hosted in the city. However, despite all these efforts, it does not seem possible to argue that a unique culture and art policy could be put forward during the reign of Ismail Pasha. Although the culture and art environment, copied from Europe without being included, attracted the desired attention, it could not directly affect the life of the public. Moreover, the Western cultural life and European styles adopted from the West, which can be observed in certain parts of the city, require a versatile interpretation. Khedive Ismail Pashas desire to create a power independent from the Ottoman Empire, his rebuilding of the urban identity with Western images and his efforts to surround it with the modern one were seen as a tool to reinforce his own power. However, as a result of the sixteen years of effort, Cairo turned into not a city that adapts to the contemporary world between tradition and modernity, but rather into a visible stage of Western ideology.

 The largest provincial capital of the Ottoman Empire, Cairo, went through a painful modernization process in the 19th century, accompanied by the coexistence of traditional life and new concepts imported from the West. The foundations of Egypts modernization were laid during the period of Muhammad Ali Pasha, and the reforms carried out during his reign were followed by the dynasty after him. Significant changes in the cultural and artistic environment of the city took place during the governorship of Ismail Pasha, Muhammad Ali Pashas grandson, in the second half of the century. During Ismail Pashas reign as Egypts first khedive 1863-1879, a period of rebuilding and reconstruction of Cairo was initiated with the privileges obtained. The Western understanding of art spread from the administration center to the streets, and efforts were made to declare modernized Egypt to all of Europe. The modernization of the Khedive was based on the civilization he witnessed in Europe. During the Ismail Pasha era; education, culture, and art of the West were brought to Cairo through many different means. The economic, political, educational, and cultural reforms implemented aimed to represent and announce the urban policies in the city. A region surrounded by wide streets, parks, and gardens was planned in the west of the city through the work of French city planner Pierre Grand. Cairo was divided into two separate silhouettes. İsmail Pashas modernization was not limited to urban planning and development works. The Khedive wanted to bring all of the visual arts he encountered in the West to Egypt as a representation of modernity. At the same time with the construction process of the city, many artists were also patronized. By the time of Ismail Pasha, Western artists were directly or indirectly supported by the administration, and they were given the opportunity to work comfortably in the city. In addition to painters, architects, landscape architects, European sculptors and photographers were hosted in the city. However, despite all these efforts, it does not seem possible to argue that a unique culture and art policy could be put forward during the reign of Ismail Pasha. Although the culture and art environment, copied from Europe without being included, attracted the desired attention, it could not directly affect the life of the public. Moreover, the Western cultural life and European styles adopted from the West, which can be observed in certain parts of the city, require a versatile interpretation. Khedive Ismail Pashas desire to create a power independent from the Ottoman Empire, his rebuilding of the urban identity with Western images and his efforts to surround it with the modern one were seen as a tool to reinforce his own power. However, as a result of the sixteen years of effort, Cairo turned into not a city that adapts to the contemporary world between tradition and modernity, but rather into a visible stage of Western ideology.

 Osmanlı coğrafyasında 19. yüzyıl boyunca gerçekleşen yenileşme hareketlerinin izleri, dönüşen kentler ve sanat ortamındaki değişimler üzerinden izlenir. Merkezden yayılarak, toplumsal yaşama nüfuz eden hadiseler; muazzam imar çalışmaları ve sanat beğenisinde geleneksel anlayıştan uzaklaşan üretimlerle ete kemiğe bürünür. Osmanlının en büyük eyalet başşehri Kahire, 19. yüzyılda geleneksel yaşam ile Batıdan ithal edilen yeni anlayışların beraberliğinde sancılı bir modernleşme sürecinden geçti. Mısırın ilk hıdivi İsmail Paşanın döneminde 1863-1879; elde edilen imtiyazlarla Kahirenin yeniden inşa ve imar sürecinde olduğu, Batılı sanat anlayışının yönetim merkezinden sokaklara yayıldığı, asrileşen Mısırın tüm Avrupaya ilan edilmesi çabası içine girildiği bir süreç yaşandı. Çalışma, dönemin en önemli aktörlerinden Hıdiv İsmail Paşanın modernleşme ideali çerçevesinde reformların merkezi olan Kahirede imar ve sanat ortamında yaşanan değişimlerin tartışılması amacıyla ele alındı. Makalede, İsmail Paşanın kent planlaması ve imar çalışmalarına yer verildi. Bu süreçte inşa edilen yapılarda özgüniçerilmiş tasarım modelleri yerine Batıdan doğrudan kopya edilmiş plan ve kurguların öncelik kazandığı izlendi. İsmail Paşanın Batılı sanatçılarla hamilik ilişkisine yer verilerek, döneminde Kahirede bulunan Batılı ressamlar saptandı. Çalışma sonunda kent imarının, yapılaşmanın ve sanatın, yöneticinin egemenlik aracına evrilişi ve modern olanın temsiline dönüşmesi arzulanan Kahirenin, özgün kimliğinin uzağında Batılı olana dönüşümü değerlendirildi.

Makale detayları

Cairo During the Period of Khedive Ismail Pasha: Contemporary Art Environment and Works of Reconstruction (1863-1879)

Yazarlar:

Göksu Özden Öner

Yayıncı:

Ege University

Ana Başlıklar:

Mimarlık Tarihi | Resim Tarihi | Sanat Tarihi

Dergi:

Sanat Tarihi Dergisi Vol.32 Issue 2, pp.915-935

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

12/2023

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001310271

pISSN:

1300-5707

Khedive Ismail Pasha

Cairo

modernization

construction works

art patronageHıdiv İsmail Paşa

Kahire

modernleşme

imar çalışmaları

sanat hamiliği

Sayı

Makale detayları

Yazarlar: Göksu Özden Öner

Yayıncı: Ege University

Ana Başlıklar: Mimarlık Tarihi | Resim Tarihi | Sanat Tarihi

Dergi: Sanat Tarihi Dergisi Vol.32 Issue 2, pp.915-935

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 12/2023

Belge Dili: Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.): 2001310271

pISSN: 1300-5707

Sayı

Yazarlar:

Göksu Özden Öner

Yayıncı:

Ege University

Ana Başlıklar:

Mimarlık Tarihi | Resim Tarihi | Sanat Tarihi

Dergi:

Sanat Tarihi Dergisi Vol.32 Issue 2, pp.915-935

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

12/2023

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001310271

pISSN:

1300-5707