Bee House as a Tectonic/Atectonic Configuration in the Context of Vernacular Architecture: Dereköy-Kumluca Examples

Nisa Yılmaz Erkovan; Lale Özgenel

Makale detayları

Bee House as a Tectonic/Atectonic Configuration in the Context of Vernacular Architecture: Dereköy-Kumluca Examples

Yazarlar:

Nisa Yılmaz Erkovan | Lale Özgenel

Yayıncı:

Ege University

Ana Başlıklar:

Mimarlık Tarihi

Dergi:

Sanat Tarihi Dergisi Vol.33 Issue 2, pp.817-839

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

12/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001337664

pISSN:

1300-5707

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 Vernacular architecture generally refers to residential buildings and structures with non-residential uses, such as warehouses and barracks, built with traditional construction methods in local and rural contexts at different settlement scales such as neighborhoods, villages and districts. In this sense, it is an inclusive concept and expresses the living practices and architectural culture of traditional societies in both spatial and environmental terms. Animal structures, which are constructed with similar traditional methods are also examples of vernacular architecture. Among the typological structures built for the use of animals, there are those that stand out with their construction system, such as the bee house. Bee houses are built in rural contexts to house beehives and protect them from wild animals, thieves and extreme climatic conditions. They are built according to the local characteristics and material possibilities of the context in which they are located and are among the original typologies of rural architecture. There are examples of bee houses in various regions of Turkey, especially in the Mediterranean Basin and the Taurus Mountains, where different types are found. They are built with local materials such as stone and wood, and differ in terms of the structural design and form of the body, and the superstructure rising above the body. The typological diversity of bee houses holds the potential to conceptually understand, interpret and make sense of their structural logic and contextual identity. Based on this, the authors conducted a series of field studies in previous seasons to document and classify bee houses found in the Mediterranean Region and identified three main typological categories with subgroups: Bee House with Wooden Platform on a Body of Rubble Stone and Wooden Beams, Bee House with Wooden Platform Fixed to an Existing Tree Trunk, Bee House without a Body and Surrounded by a Perimeter Wall. In a recent field study, six bee houses are identified in the Dereköy village located in the Kumluca district of Antalya. The group presents a typology different from the bee houses previously identified by the authors in the Mediterranean Basin, and is classified as Bee House with a Wooden Body and Rubble Stone Fill. In the first part of this article, a brief introduction of the previously identified bee house typologies is made, and as a fourth typology, Dereköy examples are examined in terms of context, material, material assemblage, construction method and function. In the second part, this documentation is used to interpret the construction logic and architectural idea of the bee houses through concepts of tectonicsatectonics, structure and construction. It is also highlighted that the documentation and discussion of bee houses built with the traditional approach, whose use is gradually decreasing and being replaced by modern techniques and materials, has become a pressing issue in terms of their preservation and sustainability in the rural built environment and vernacular architecture. In this sense, an important aim of the study is to develop the typology, literature and discussions put forward in the previous studies on bee houses identified in the rural areas of Antalya.

 Vernacular architecture generally refers to residential buildings and structures with non-residential uses, such as warehouses and barracks, built with traditional construction methods in local and rural contexts at different settlement scales such as neighborhoods, villages and districts. In this sense, it is an inclusive concept and expresses the living practices and architectural culture of traditional societies in both spatial and environmental terms. Animal structures, which are constructed with similar traditional methods are also examples of vernacular architecture. Among the typological structures built for the use of animals, there are those that stand out with their construction system, such as the bee house. Bee houses are built in rural contexts to house beehives and protect them from wild animals, thieves and extreme climatic conditions. They are built according to the local characteristics and material possibilities of the context in which they are located and are among the original typologies of rural architecture. There are examples of bee houses in various regions of Turkey, especially in the Mediterranean Basin and the Taurus Mountains, where different types are found. They are built with local materials such as stone and wood, and differ in terms of the structural design and form of the body, and the superstructure rising above the body. The typological diversity of bee houses holds the potential to conceptually understand, interpret and make sense of their structural logic and contextual identity. Based on this, the authors conducted a series of field studies in previous seasons to document and classify bee houses found in the Mediterranean Region and identified three main typological categories with subgroups: Bee House with Wooden Platform on a Body of Rubble Stone and Wooden Beams, Bee House with Wooden Platform Fixed to an Existing Tree Trunk, Bee House without a Body and Surrounded by a Perimeter Wall. In a recent field study, six bee houses are identified in the Dereköy village located in the Kumluca district of Antalya. The group presents a typology different from the bee houses previously identified by the authors in the Mediterranean Basin, and is classified as Bee House with a Wooden Body and Rubble Stone Fill. In the first part of this article, a brief introduction of the previously identified bee house typologies is made, and as a fourth typology, Dereköy examples are examined in terms of context, material, material assemblage, construction method and function. In the second part, this documentation is used to interpret the construction logic and architectural idea of the bee houses through concepts of tectonicsatectonics, structure and construction. It is also highlighted that the documentation and discussion of bee houses built with the traditional approach, whose use is gradually decreasing and being replaced by modern techniques and materials, has become a pressing issue in terms of their preservation and sustainability in the rural built environment and vernacular architecture. In this sense, an important aim of the study is to develop the typology, literature and discussions put forward in the previous studies on bee houses identified in the rural areas of Antalya.

 Vernacular architecture generally refers to residential buildings and structures with non-residential uses, such as warehouses and barracks, built with traditional construction methods in local and rural contexts at different settlement scales such as neighborhoods, villages and districts. In this sense, it is an inclusive concept and expresses the living practices and architectural culture of traditional societies in both spatial and environmental terms. Animal structures, which are constructed with similar traditional methods are also examples of vernacular architecture. Among the typological structures built for the use of animals, there are those that stand out with their construction system, such as the bee house. Bee houses are built in rural contexts to house beehives and protect them from wild animals, thieves and extreme climatic conditions. They are built according to the local characteristics and material possibilities of the context in which they are located and are among the original typologies of rural architecture. There are examples of bee houses in various regions of Turkey, especially in the Mediterranean Basin and the Taurus Mountains, where different types are found. They are built with local materials such as stone and wood, and differ in terms of the structural design and form of the body, and the superstructure rising above the body. The typological diversity of bee houses holds the potential to conceptually understand, interpret and make sense of their structural logic and contextual identity. Based on this, the authors conducted a series of field studies in previous seasons to document and classify bee houses found in the Mediterranean Region and identified three main typological categories with subgroups: Bee House with Wooden Platform on a Body of Rubble Stone and Wooden Beams, Bee House with Wooden Platform Fixed to an Existing Tree Trunk, Bee House without a Body and Surrounded by a Perimeter Wall. In a recent field study, six bee houses are identified in the Dereköy village located in the Kumluca district of Antalya. The group presents a typology different from the bee houses previously identified by the authors in the Mediterranean Basin, and is classified as Bee House with a Wooden Body and Rubble Stone Fill. In the first part of this article, a brief introduction of the previously identified bee house typologies is made, and as a fourth typology, Dereköy examples are examined in terms of context, material, material assemblage, construction method and function. In the second part, this documentation is used to interpret the construction logic and architectural idea of the bee houses through concepts of tectonicsatectonics, structure and construction. It is also highlighted that the documentation and discussion of bee houses built with the traditional approach, whose use is gradually decreasing and being replaced by modern techniques and materials, has become a pressing issue in terms of their preservation and sustainability in the rural built environment and vernacular architecture. In this sense, an important aim of the study is to develop the typology, literature and discussions put forward in the previous studies on bee houses identified in the rural areas of Antalya.

 Vernaküler mimarlık, genellikle yerel ve kırsal bağlamlarda bulunan köy, mahalle, ilçe gibi farklı yerleşim ölçeklerinde, geleneksel yapım yöntemleriyle inşa edilen konut yapılarıyla birlikte, ambar ve sundurma gibi barınma dışı yapılara da referans verir. Bu anlamda, geleneksel toplumların kültür ve yaşayışlarını mekânsal ve çevresel olarak ifade eder. Bu tür çevrelerin bileşeni olan, gündelik yaşamda sıklıkla kullanılan ve benzer geleneksel yöntemlerle inşa edilen hayvanlara ait yapılar da vernaküler mimarlığın bir parçasıdır. İçinde barındırdıkları arı kovanlarını yabani hayvanlar ve hırsızlardan korumak amacıyla, bulundukları bağlamın yerel özelliklerine ve malzeme olanaklarına göre inşa edilen arı evleri, bu tür yapılardan olup kırsal mimarlık örneklerindendir. Daha çok Akdeniz Havzası ve Toroslarda örneklerine rastlanan, taş ve ahşap gibi yerel malzemelerle inşa edilen bu yapılar, gövde, üst örtü biçimi ve tasarımı açısından farklılık gösterir. Arı evlerinin tipolojik çeşitliliği, bu yapıları kavramsal açıdan anlamaya, yorumlamaya ve anlamlandırmaya olanak tanır. Kullanımı giderek azalan ve yerini modern tekniklere ve malzemelere bırakan geleneksel yaklaşımla inşa edilen arı evlerinin belgelenmesi ve tartışılması, kırsal yapılı çevrenin ve yapı yapma tekniklerinin korunması ve anlaşılması açısından önemlidir. Antalyanın Kumluca ilçesindeki Dereköy Mahallesinde tespit edilen bir grup arı evi bu anlamda incelenmiş ve kırsal yapı örnekleri olarak belgelenmiştir. Akdeniz Havzasında yazarlar tarafından daha önce tespit edilen arı evlerinden farklı bir tipoloji sunan Dereköydeki altı adet arı evi, Ahşap Gövdeli Moloz Taş Dolgulu Arı Evi olarak sınıflandırılmıştır. Bu örneklem grubu, bağlam, malzeme, malzemenin bir araya geliş kurgusu, yapım yöntemi ve işlev gibi temalar çerçevesinde irdelenmiştir. Tipolojik olarak belgelenen arı evlerinin, bağlamlarına uyumlanma ve bağlamdan anlam kazanma biçimleri ile yapısal nitelikleri tektonikatektonik, strüktür ve konstrüksiyon kavramları üzerinden yorumlanmıştır. Çalışma hem tespit edilmiş arı evlerinin belgelemesini kavramsal bir çerçeve içinde yapmayı, hem de Antalyanın kırsal havzasında tespit edilen arı evleri hakkında daha önce yapılan çalışmalarda ortaya konan tipoloji, literatür ve tartışmaları geliştirmeyi amaçlamıştır.

Makale detayları

Bee House as a Tectonic/Atectonic Configuration in the Context of Vernacular Architecture: Dereköy-Kumluca Examples

Yazarlar:

Nisa Yılmaz Erkovan | Lale Özgenel

Yayıncı:

Ege University

Ana Başlıklar:

Mimarlık Tarihi

Dergi:

Sanat Tarihi Dergisi Vol.33 Issue 2, pp.817-839

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

12/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001337664

pISSN:

1300-5707

Vernacular Architecture

Bee House

Structure

Tectoniz

Atectonic

Tectonic

Dereköy-KumlucaVernaküler Mimari

Arı Evi

Strüktür

Tektonik

Atektonik

Dereköy-Kumluca

Sayı

Makale detayları

Yazarlar: Nisa Yılmaz Erkovan | Lale Özgenel

Yayıncı: Ege University

Ana Başlıklar: Mimarlık Tarihi

Dergi: Sanat Tarihi Dergisi Vol.33 Issue 2, pp.817-839

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 12/2024

Belge Dili: Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.): 2001337664

pISSN: 1300-5707

Sayı

Yazarlar:

Nisa Yılmaz Erkovan | Lale Özgenel

Yayıncı:

Ege University

Ana Başlıklar:

Mimarlık Tarihi

Dergi:

Sanat Tarihi Dergisi Vol.33 Issue 2, pp.817-839

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

12/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001337664

pISSN:

1300-5707