Art and Symbolism in the Halaf Culture in the Late Neolithic Period

Bahattin İpek; Mehmet Şan; Mekiye Eksik

Makale detayları

Art and Symbolism in the Halaf Culture in the Late Neolithic Period

Yazarlar:

Bahattin İpek | Mehmet Şan | Mekiye Eksik

Yayıncı:

Bitlis Eren University

Ana Başlıklar:

Arkeoloji Bilimi

Dergi:

Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi Vol.13 Issue 1, pp.34-52

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

6/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001320849

pISSN:

2147-5962

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 The monumental structures uncovered in Pre-Pottery Neolithic Period settlements in Near East Jericho, Mureybet, Jerf el-Ahmar, Göbeklitepe, Karahantepe, etc., clay plastered skulls, objects made of stone or bone are thought to represent depiction of art or religious rituals of period. However, during Pottery Neolithic Period, known as the late stage of Neolithic Period, structures known as the dominant monumental architecture, are also known from Göbeklitepe and its vicinity, are now disappearing in the Near East. Hassuna, Samarra and Halaf cultures, which are known as North Mesopotamian cultures, give us important information about cultural and economic structures of Late Neolithic Period. In this period, it is seen that use of symbolic elements is intensified, especially on pottery or seals. During Halaf period, scenes depicting two or three storey structures, depictions of human with heads separated from their bodies, dancing human motifs, bull heads bucranium, plant motifs on Halaf potteries give more detailed information about symbolism and art of Late Neolithic period. This study aims to give information about socio-cultural and economic structure of Halaf culture in North Mesopotamia, and to provide a reinterpretation of elements considered to represent art or religion during Halaf period.

 The monumental structures uncovered in Pre-Pottery Neolithic Period settlements in Near East Jericho, Mureybet, Jerf el-Ahmar, Göbeklitepe, Karahantepe, etc., clay plastered skulls, objects made of stone or bone are thought to represent depiction of art or religious rituals of period. However, during Pottery Neolithic Period, known as the late stage of Neolithic Period, structures known as the dominant monumental architecture, are also known from Göbeklitepe and its vicinity, are now disappearing in the Near East. Hassuna, Samarra and Halaf cultures, which are known as North Mesopotamian cultures, give us important information about cultural and economic structures of Late Neolithic Period. In this period, it is seen that use of symbolic elements is intensified, especially on pottery or seals. During Halaf period, scenes depicting two or three storey structures, depictions of human with heads separated from their bodies, dancing human motifs, bull heads bucranium, plant motifs on Halaf potteries give more detailed information about symbolism and art of Late Neolithic period. This study aims to give information about socio-cultural and economic structure of Halaf culture in North Mesopotamia, and to provide a reinterpretation of elements considered to represent art or religion during Halaf period.

 The monumental structures uncovered in Pre-Pottery Neolithic Period settlements in Near East Jericho, Mureybet, Jerf el-Ahmar, Göbeklitepe, Karahantepe, etc., clay plastered skulls, objects made of stone or bone are thought to represent depiction of art or religious rituals of period. However, during Pottery Neolithic Period, known as the late stage of Neolithic Period, structures known as the dominant monumental architecture, are also known from Göbeklitepe and its vicinity, are now disappearing in the Near East. Hassuna, Samarra and Halaf cultures, which are known as North Mesopotamian cultures, give us important information about cultural and economic structures of Late Neolithic Period. In this period, it is seen that use of symbolic elements is intensified, especially on pottery or seals. During Halaf period, scenes depicting two or three storey structures, depictions of human with heads separated from their bodies, dancing human motifs, bull heads bucranium, plant motifs on Halaf potteries give more detailed information about symbolism and art of Late Neolithic period. This study aims to give information about socio-cultural and economic structure of Halaf culture in North Mesopotamia, and to provide a reinterpretation of elements considered to represent art or religion during Halaf period.

 Yakın Doğuda Çanak Çömleksiz Neolitik Dönem yerleşim yerlerinde ortaya çıkarılan anıtsal yapılar Jeriko, Mureybet, Jerf el-Ahmar, Göbeklitepe, Karahantepe vb., kil sıvalı kafatasları, taş veya kemikten yapılmış objelerin dönemin tasvir sanatını veya dini ritüellerini temsil ettiği düşünülmektedir. Fakat Neolitiğin geç evresi olarak bilinen Çanak Çömlekli Neolitik Dönemde, Göbeklitepe ve yakın çevresinden de tanıdığımız baskın anıtsal mimari olarak anılan yapıların artık Yakındoğuda kullanılmadığı görülmektedir. Kuzey Mezopotamya kültürleri olarak bilinen Hassuna, Samarra ve özellikle Halaf kültürleri Çanak Çömlekli Neolitik Dönem kültürel ve sosyo-ekonomik yapıları hakkında önemli bilgiler vermektedir. Bu dönemde bilhassa çanak ve çömlekler veya mühürler üzerinde simgesel öğelerin yoğunlaştığı görülmektedir. Özellikle Halaf kültürüne ait kapların üzerindeki iki veya üç katlı yapıları betimleyen sahneler, başları gövdelerinden ayrık olan insanları içeren tasvirler, dans eden insan motifleri, boğa başları bukranium ve bitki motifleri Geç Neolitik Dönem sembolizmi ve sanatı hakkında daha detaylı bilgiler vermektedir. Bu çalışma, Kuzey Mezopotamyadaki Halaf kültürünün sosyo-kültürel ve ekonomik yapısı, Halaf çanak çömlekleri üzerinde yer alan sahnelerin dönemin sanatı veya dinini temsil ettiği düşünülen öğeleri hakkında bilgi vermeyi ve yeniden yorumlamayı amaçlamaktadır.

Makale detayları

Art and Symbolism in the Halaf Culture in the Late Neolithic Period

Yazarlar:

Bahattin İpek | Mehmet Şan | Mekiye Eksik

Yayıncı:

Bitlis Eren University

Ana Başlıklar:

Arkeoloji Bilimi

Dergi:

Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi Vol.13 Issue 1, pp.34-52

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

6/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001320849

pISSN:

2147-5962

Late Neolithic Period

Halaf Culture and its Pottery

Art and Symbolism in Halaf CultureGeç Neolitik Dönem

Halaf Kültürü ve Çanak-Çömleği

Halaf Kültüründe Sanat ve Sembolizm

Sayı

Makale detayları

Art and Symbolism in the Halaf Culture in the Late Neolithic Period

Yazarlar: Bahattin İpek | Mehmet Şan | Mekiye Eksik

Yayıncı: Bitlis Eren University

Ana Başlıklar: Arkeoloji Bilimi

Dergi: Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi Vol.13 Issue 1, pp.34-52

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 6/2024

Belge Dili: Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.): 2001320849

pISSN: 2147-5962

Late Neolithic Period

Halaf Culture and its Pottery

Art and Symbolism in Halaf CultureGeç Neolitik Dönem

Halaf Kültürü ve Çanak-Çömleği

Halaf Kültüründe Sanat ve Sembolizm

Sayı

Yazarlar:

Bahattin İpek | Mehmet Şan | Mekiye Eksik

Yayıncı:

Bitlis Eren University

Ana Başlıklar:

Arkeoloji Bilimi

Dergi:

Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi Vol.13 Issue 1, pp.34-52

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

6/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001320849

pISSN:

2147-5962