Institutional Analysis of Science and Technology Policies in Turkey: 1923-1960 Period

Bengü Doğangün Yasa

Makale detayları

Institutional Analysis of Science and Technology Policies in Turkey: 1923-1960 Period

Yazarlar:

Bengü Doğangün Yasa

Yayıncı:

Kastamonu University

Ana Başlıklar:

Araştırma | Bilim ve Teknoloji Politikası | Ekonomik Kalkınma Politikası

Dergi:

Kastamonu Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi Vol.26 Issue 1, pp.202-224

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

6/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001320935

pISSN:

2147-6012

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 The Industrial Revolution, considered one of the most important turning points in history, emerged after a structural renewal process that included the intensive use of scientific knowledge. With this process, which can be called the integration of science and industry, the nature of the cooperation between economics and science and technology has become very decisive in terms of economic development. The dynamic structure of capitalism based on economic growth and scientific development has led to an increase in the importance of policies that enable scientific development. In Turkish economic history, science policy appears together with the transition to a planned economy, both in concept and practice. TUBITAK was founded on the need for an institutional mechanism in an effort to organize scientific and technological activities at that time. However, before this institutionalization, there were practices that could be described as a science policy. The main purpose of this study is to define the unique dimensions of the applied science and technology policies by analyzing the institutional mechanisms that began to form with the establishment of the Republic, in the absence of an official science and technology policy. These practices, especially in areas such as agriculture, industry and education, where scientific and technological transformation can be observed, point to the existence of a science policy that could not be described as passive before 1960. Close monitoring and systematic implementation of modern institutional mechanisms in the agricultural and industrial production process constitute the most prominent elements of institutional analysis.

 The Industrial Revolution, considered one of the most important turning points in history, emerged after a structural renewal process that included the intensive use of scientific knowledge. With this process, which can be called the integration of science and industry, the nature of the cooperation between economics and science and technology has become very decisive in terms of economic development. The dynamic structure of capitalism based on economic growth and scientific development has led to an increase in the importance of policies that enable scientific development. In Turkish economic history, science policy appears together with the transition to a planned economy, both in concept and practice. TUBITAK was founded on the need for an institutional mechanism in an effort to organize scientific and technological activities at that time. However, before this institutionalization, there were practices that could be described as a science policy. The main purpose of this study is to define the unique dimensions of the applied science and technology policies by analyzing the institutional mechanisms that began to form with the establishment of the Republic, in the absence of an official science and technology policy. These practices, especially in areas such as agriculture, industry and education, where scientific and technological transformation can be observed, point to the existence of a science policy that could not be described as passive before 1960. Close monitoring and systematic implementation of modern institutional mechanisms in the agricultural and industrial production process constitute the most prominent elements of institutional analysis.

 The Industrial Revolution, considered one of the most important turning points in history, emerged after a structural renewal process that included the intensive use of scientific knowledge. With this process, which can be called the integration of science and industry, the nature of the cooperation between economics and science and technology has become very decisive in terms of economic development. The dynamic structure of capitalism based on economic growth and scientific development has led to an increase in the importance of policies that enable scientific development. In Turkish economic history, science policy appears together with the transition to a planned economy, both in concept and practice. TUBITAK was founded on the need for an institutional mechanism in an effort to organize scientific and technological activities at that time. However, before this institutionalization, there were practices that could be described as a science policy. The main purpose of this study is to define the unique dimensions of the applied science and technology policies by analyzing the institutional mechanisms that began to form with the establishment of the Republic, in the absence of an official science and technology policy. These practices, especially in areas such as agriculture, industry and education, where scientific and technological transformation can be observed, point to the existence of a science policy that could not be described as passive before 1960. Close monitoring and systematic implementation of modern institutional mechanisms in the agricultural and industrial production process constitute the most prominent elements of institutional analysis.

 Tarihin en önemli dönüm noktalarından biri olarak kabul edilen Sanayi Devrimi, bilimsel bilginin yoğun kullanımını içeren yapısal bir yenilenme süreci sonrasında ortaya çıkmıştır. Bilim ve sanayinin bütünleşmesi olarak adlandırılabilecek bu süreçle birlikte İktisat biliminin, bilim ve teknoloji ile girdiği işbirliğinin niteliği iktisadi gelişim açısından oldukça belirleyici olmuştur. Kapitalizmin iktisadi büyüme ve bilimsel gelişme temeline dayalı dinamik yapısı, bilimsel gelişmeyi mümkün kılan politikaların öneminin artmasına neden olmuştur. Türkiye iktisat tarihinde bilim politikası hem kavram hem de pratik olarak planlı ekonomiye geçişle beraber karşımıza çıkmaktadır. TÜBİTAK bu tarihlerde bilimsel ve teknolojik faaliyetleri düzenleme çabası içerisinde kurumsal bir mekanizma ihtiyacı üzerine kurulmuştur. Ancak bu kurumsallaşmanın öncesinde de bir bilim politikası olarak nitelenebilecek uygulamaların varlığına rastlanmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın temel amacı, resmi bir bilim ve teknoloji politikasının yokluğunda, Cumhuriyetin kurulmasıyla oluşmaya başlayan kurumsal mekanizmaların çözümlenerek, uygulanmış olan bilim ve teknoloji politikalarının özgün boyutlarını tanımlamaktır. Özellikle bilimsel ve teknolojik dönüşümün gözlemlenebildiği tarım, sanayi ve eğitim gibi alanlara ait bu uygulamalar, 1960 yılı öncesinde edilgen olarak nitelenemeyecek bir bilim politikasının varlığına işaret etmektedir. Tarımsal ve sınai üretim sürecinde modern kurumsal mekanizmaların yakın takibi ve sistemli biçimde uygulanışı kurumsal çözümlemenin en belirgin unsurlarını teşkil etmektedir. Eğitim alanındaki yenilikler ise bilimsel ilerlemenin temelini teşkil etmekte, aynı zamanda uygulanan politikaların sürekliliğini sağlamaktadır.

Makale detayları

Institutional Analysis of Science and Technology Policies in Turkey: 1923-1960 Period

Yazarlar:

Bengü Doğangün Yasa

Yayıncı:

Kastamonu University

Ana Başlıklar:

Araştırma | Bilim ve Teknoloji Politikası | Ekonomik Kalkınma Politikası

Dergi:

Kastamonu Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi Vol.26 Issue 1, pp.202-224

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

6/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001320935

pISSN:

2147-6012

Science

Technology

History of Science

IndustrializationBilim

Teknoloji

Bilim Tarihi

Sanayileşme

Sayı

Makale detayları

Yazarlar: Bengü Doğangün Yasa

Yayıncı: Kastamonu University

Ana Başlıklar: Araştırma | Bilim ve Teknoloji Politikası | Ekonomik Kalkınma Politikası

Dergi: Kastamonu Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi Vol.26 Issue 1, pp.202-224

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 6/2024

Belge Dili: Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.): 2001320935

pISSN: 2147-6012

Sayı

Yazarlar:

Bengü Doğangün Yasa

Yayıncı:

Kastamonu University

Ana Başlıklar:

Araştırma | Bilim ve Teknoloji Politikası | Ekonomik Kalkınma Politikası

Dergi:

Kastamonu Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi Vol.26 Issue 1, pp.202-224

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

6/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001320935

pISSN:

2147-6012