Transition to Modern Attorneyship Profession During the Republican Era, Discussions in the Turkish Grand National Assembly (TBMM), and Criticisms Regarding Today

Mustafa Okan Yağci

Makale detayları

Transition to Modern Attorneyship Profession During the Republican Era, Discussions in the Turkish Grand National Assembly (TBMM), and Criticisms Regarding Today

Yazarlar:

Mustafa Okan Yağci

Yayıncı:

Istanbul University

Ana Başlıklar:

Environmental and Resources Law (Other)

Dergi:

İstanbul Hukuk Mecmuası Vol.82 Issue 2, pp.647-670

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

11/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001325606

pISSN:

2636-7734

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 The Ottoman Empire, within the constraints of its own circumstances, made reasonable efforts to modernize the profession of legal representative for the case existing under the term attorneyship for being party in the casehearing in Islamic Law. In this regard, the Regulation on Legal Representatives for the Case of RegulatoryNizamiye Courts dated 1875, the first regulatory framework related to the legal profession, holds the status of being the foundational regulation for the profession of advocacy in the Turkish legal system. When the Turkish Republic era was reached, the prevailing view was that the profession of legal representative for the case was inadequate, and there was a need to create a new one. In this context, Attorneys Act numbered 460 was enacted within the ongoing judicial reform efforts. The consensus that has been present since the Ottoman period on the fundamental solutions outlined in the Attorneys Act has led to debates in the Grand National Assembly of Türkiye focusing more on secondary issues. These issues include the duration and form of the internship required to be eligible for the profession of attorneyship, whether graduation from a law school is a prerequisite for practicing as an attorney, and whether the terms muhamimuhamat which means protector, are suitable for the newly established profession. In this study, I will first examine the development of the attorneyship profession in the Ottoman Empire. Subsequently, I will discuss the regulations introduced by the Attorneys Act and the debates held in the Parliament, drawing connections to todays perspective.

 The Ottoman Empire, within the constraints of its own circumstances, made reasonable efforts to modernize the profession of legal representative for the case existing under the term attorneyship for being party in the casehearing in Islamic Law. In this regard, the Regulation on Legal Representatives for the Case of RegulatoryNizamiye Courts dated 1875, the first regulatory framework related to the legal profession, holds the status of being the foundational regulation for the profession of advocacy in the Turkish legal system. When the Turkish Republic era was reached, the prevailing view was that the profession of legal representative for the case was inadequate, and there was a need to create a new one. In this context, Attorneys Act numbered 460 was enacted within the ongoing judicial reform efforts. The consensus that has been present since the Ottoman period on the fundamental solutions outlined in the Attorneys Act has led to debates in the Grand National Assembly of Türkiye focusing more on secondary issues. These issues include the duration and form of the internship required to be eligible for the profession of attorneyship, whether graduation from a law school is a prerequisite for practicing as an attorney, and whether the terms muhamimuhamat which means protector, are suitable for the newly established profession. In this study, I will first examine the development of the attorneyship profession in the Ottoman Empire. Subsequently, I will discuss the regulations introduced by the Attorneys Act and the debates held in the Parliament, drawing connections to todays perspective.

 The Ottoman Empire, within the constraints of its own circumstances, made reasonable efforts to modernize the profession of legal representative for the case existing under the term attorneyship for being party in the casehearing in Islamic Law. In this regard, the Regulation on Legal Representatives for the Case of RegulatoryNizamiye Courts dated 1875, the first regulatory framework related to the legal profession, holds the status of being the foundational regulation for the profession of advocacy in the Turkish legal system. When the Turkish Republic era was reached, the prevailing view was that the profession of legal representative for the case was inadequate, and there was a need to create a new one. In this context, Attorneys Act numbered 460 was enacted within the ongoing judicial reform efforts. The consensus that has been present since the Ottoman period on the fundamental solutions outlined in the Attorneys Act has led to debates in the Grand National Assembly of Türkiye focusing more on secondary issues. These issues include the duration and form of the internship required to be eligible for the profession of attorneyship, whether graduation from a law school is a prerequisite for practicing as an attorney, and whether the terms muhamimuhamat which means protector, are suitable for the newly established profession. In this study, I will first examine the development of the attorneyship profession in the Ottoman Empire. Subsequently, I will discuss the regulations introduced by the Attorneys Act and the debates held in the Parliament, drawing connections to todays perspective.

 İslam Hukukundaki husumetemurafaaya vekalet kavramı altında şekillenen dava vekilliği mesleğinin modernize edilmesi konusunda Osmanlı Devleti kendi koşulları içerisinde elinden gelen gayreti göstermiştir. Bu amaçla yapılan çalışmalardan 1875 tarihli Mehakim-i Nizamiye Dava Vekilleri Hakkında Nizamname, avukatlık mesleğiyle ilgili ilk düzenleme olarak, avukatlık hukukumuzun temelini oluşturmuştur. Cumhuriyetin ilanından sonra yapılan adli ıslahat içerisinde dava vekilliği müessesesi yetersiz görülerek yeni bir meslek kolunun yaratılması gerektiği görüşü hakim olmuştur. Bu bağlamda daha kapsamlı bir düzenleme yapılana kadar 460 sayılı Muhamat Kanunu ile bir geçiş döneminin sağlanması amaçlanmış ve muhamimuhamat mesleği kabul edilmiştir. Biri geçici toplam 18 maddeden oluşan Muhamat Kanunu, bu kanun gereği oluşturulan tasfiye komisyonları ile savaş sonrası dönemde önemli kararların ortaya çıkmasına vesile olduğu gibi yeni bir mesleğin yaratılması, bu mesleğe ait hak, yetki ve ödevlerin belirlenmesi ile kabul ve geçiş şartlarının tespit edilmesi, baro adı altında meslek örgütlenmesinin yapılması ve günümüzde de geçerliliğini koruyan avukatlıkla bağdaşmayan işler veya hasılı davaya iştirak yasağı gibi ilkelerin ortaya konulmasını sağlamıştır. Muhamat Kanunuyla belirlenen temel çözüm yolları üzerinde Osmanlı döneminden beri gelen bir mutabakatın bulunması, TBMM görüşmeleri sırasında yapılan tartışmaların daha çok tali konularda yoğunlaşmasına sebep olmuştur. Bu konular, muhamilik mesleğine dahil olabilmek için yapılacak stajın süresi ve şeklinin nasıl olması gerektiği, muhamilik mesleğini icra edebilmek için hukuk mektebinden mezun olmanın şart olup olmadığı ve ihdas edilen yeni meslek için muhami ve muhamat tabirlerinin uygun düşüp düşmediğidir. Bu çalışmada, Osmanlı Devletinde avukatlık mesleğinin gelişimi incelendikten sonra, Muhamat Kanunu ile getirilen yeni düzenlemeler, TBMM Genel Kurul tartışmaları vasıtasıyla, günümüzle ilişkilendirilerek ele alınacaktır.

Makale detayları

Transition to Modern Attorneyship Profession During the Republican Era, Discussions in the Turkish Grand National Assembly (TBMM), and Criticisms Regarding Today

Yazarlar:

Mustafa Okan Yağci

Yayıncı:

Istanbul University

Ana Başlıklar:

Environmental and Resources Law (Other)

Dergi:

İstanbul Hukuk Mecmuası Vol.82 Issue 2, pp.647-670

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

11/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001325606

pISSN:

2636-7734

The Law of Attorneyship

Attorneyship Profession

Legal Representative for The Case

Legal Representation

Judicial Reforms İn Türkiye

Attorney’s Act Numbered 460

Regulation On Legal Representatives for the Case of Regulatory/Nizamiye Courts Dated 1875Avukatlık Hukuku

Avukatlık

Dava Vekilliği

İradi Temsil

Türk Adli Islahatı

460 Sayılı Muhamat Kanunu

1875 Tarihli Mehakim-i Nizamiye Dava Vekilleri Hakkında Nizamname

Sayı

Makale detayları

Yazarlar: Mustafa Okan Yağci

Yayıncı: Istanbul University

Ana Başlıklar: Environmental and Resources Law (Other)

Dergi: İstanbul Hukuk Mecmuası Vol.82 Issue 2, pp.647-670

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 11/2024

Belge Dili: Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.): 2001325606

pISSN: 2636-7734

Sayı

Yazarlar:

Mustafa Okan Yağci

Yayıncı:

Istanbul University

Ana Başlıklar:

Environmental and Resources Law (Other)

Dergi:

İstanbul Hukuk Mecmuası Vol.82 Issue 2, pp.647-670

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

11/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001325606

pISSN:

2636-7734