Ethical and Theological Problems Related to Artificial Intelligence

Necmi Karslı

Makale detayları

Ethical and Theological Problems Related to Artificial Intelligence

Yazarlar:

Necmi Karslı

Yayıncı:

Eskişehir Osmangazi University

Ana Başlıklar:

Din Psikolojisi

Dergi:

Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi Vol.12 Issue Din ve Yapay Zeka, pp.1-19

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

5/2025

Belge Dili:

İngilizce

Document ID (Org No.):

2001329281

pISSN:

2147-8171

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 Artificial intelligence is defined as the totality of systems and programs that imitate human intelligence and can eventually surpass this intelligence over time. The rapid development of these technologies has raised various ethical debates such as moral responsibility, privacy, bias, respect for human rights, and social impacts. This study examines the technical infrastructure of artificial intelligence, the differences between weak and strong artificial intelligence, ethical issues, and theological dimensions in detail, providing a comprehensive perspective on the role of artificial intelligence in human life and the problems it brings. The historical development of artificial intelligence has been shaped by the contributions of various disciplines such as mathematical logic, cognitive science, philosophy, and engineering. From the ancient Greek philosophers to the present day, thoughts on artificial intelligence have raised deep philosophical questions such as human nature, consciousness, and responsibility. The algorithms developed by Alan Turing have contributed to the modern shaping of artificial intelligence and have put forward the first models to assess whether machines have human-like intelligence, such as the Turing Test. The study first analyzes the technical infrastructure of artificial intelligence in detail and discusses the current limits and potential of the technology through the distinction between weak and strong artificial intelligence. Weak artificial intelligence includes systems designed to perform specific tasks and do not exhibit general intelligence outside of those tasks, while strong artificial intelligence refers to systems with human-like general intelligence and flexible thinking capacity. Most of the widely used artificial intelligence applications today fall into the category of weak artificial intelligence. However, the development of strong artificial intelligence brings various ethical and theological consequences for humanity. The ethical issues of artificial intelligence include fundamental topics such as autonomy, responsibility, transparency, fairness, and privacy. The decision-making processes of autonomous systems raise serious ethical questions at the societal level. Especially autonomous weapons and artificial intelligence-managed justice systems raise concerns in terms of human rights and individual freedoms. In this context, the ethical framework of artificial intelligence has deep impacts on the future of humanity and human-machine interaction, not just limited to technological boundaries. From a theological perspective, the ability of artificial intelligence to imitate the human mind and creative processes raises deep theological issues such as the creativity of God, the place of human beings in the universe, and consciousness. The questions of whether artificial intelligence systems can gain consciousness and whether these conscious systems can have a spiritual status have led to new debates in theology and philosophy. The ethical principles of artificial intelligence are shaped around principles such as transparency, accountability, autonomy, human control, and data management. In conclusion, determining the ethical and theological principles that need to be considered in the development and application of artificial intelligence is critical for the future of humanity. A comprehensive examination of the ethical and theological dimensions of artificial intelligence technologies is necessary to understand and manage the social impacts of this technology. This study emphasizes the necessity of an interdisciplinary approach for the development of artificial intelligence in harmony with social values and for the benefit of humanity. The study provides an important theoretical framework for future research by shedding light on the complex ethical and theological issues arising from the development and widespread use of artificial intelligence.

 Artificial intelligence is defined as the totality of systems and programs that imitate human intelligence and can eventually surpass this intelligence over time. The rapid development of these technologies has raised various ethical debates such as moral responsibility, privacy, bias, respect for human rights, and social impacts. This study examines the technical infrastructure of artificial intelligence, the differences between weak and strong artificial intelligence, ethical issues, and theological dimensions in detail, providing a comprehensive perspective on the role of artificial intelligence in human life and the problems it brings. The historical development of artificial intelligence has been shaped by the contributions of various disciplines such as mathematical logic, cognitive science, philosophy, and engineering. From the ancient Greek philosophers to the present day, thoughts on artificial intelligence have raised deep philosophical questions such as human nature, consciousness, and responsibility. The algorithms developed by Alan Turing have contributed to the modern shaping of artificial intelligence and have put forward the first models to assess whether machines have human-like intelligence, such as the Turing Test. The study first analyzes the technical infrastructure of artificial intelligence in detail and discusses the current limits and potential of the technology through the distinction between weak and strong artificial intelligence. Weak artificial intelligence includes systems designed to perform specific tasks and do not exhibit general intelligence outside of those tasks, while strong artificial intelligence refers to systems with human-like general intelligence and flexible thinking capacity. Most of the widely used artificial intelligence applications today fall into the category of weak artificial intelligence. However, the development of strong artificial intelligence brings various ethical and theological consequences for humanity. The ethical issues of artificial intelligence include fundamental topics such as autonomy, responsibility, transparency, fairness, and privacy. The decision-making processes of autonomous systems raise serious ethical questions at the societal level. Especially autonomous weapons and artificial intelligence-managed justice systems raise concerns in terms of human rights and individual freedoms. In this context, the ethical framework of artificial intelligence has deep impacts on the future of humanity and human-machine interaction, not just limited to technological boundaries. From a theological perspective, the ability of artificial intelligence to imitate the human mind and creative processes raises deep theological issues such as the creativity of God, the place of human beings in the universe, and consciousness. The questions of whether artificial intelligence systems can gain consciousness and whether these conscious systems can have a spiritual status have led to new debates in theology and philosophy. The ethical principles of artificial intelligence are shaped around principles such as transparency, accountability, autonomy, human control, and data management. In conclusion, determining the ethical and theological principles that need to be considered in the development and application of artificial intelligence is critical for the future of humanity. A comprehensive examination of the ethical and theological dimensions of artificial intelligence technologies is necessary to understand and manage the social impacts of this technology. This study emphasizes the necessity of an interdisciplinary approach for the development of artificial intelligence in harmony with social values and for the benefit of humanity. The study provides an important theoretical framework for future research by shedding light on the complex ethical and theological issues arising from the development and widespread use of artificial intelligence.

 Artificial intelligence is defined as the totality of systems and programs that imitate human intelligence and can eventually surpass this intelligence over time. The rapid development of these technologies has raised various ethical debates such as moral responsibility, privacy, bias, respect for human rights, and social impacts. This study examines the technical infrastructure of artificial intelligence, the differences between weak and strong artificial intelligence, ethical issues, and theological dimensions in detail, providing a comprehensive perspective on the role of artificial intelligence in human life and the problems it brings. The historical development of artificial intelligence has been shaped by the contributions of various disciplines such as mathematical logic, cognitive science, philosophy, and engineering. From the ancient Greek philosophers to the present day, thoughts on artificial intelligence have raised deep philosophical questions such as human nature, consciousness, and responsibility. The algorithms developed by Alan Turing have contributed to the modern shaping of artificial intelligence and have put forward the first models to assess whether machines have human-like intelligence, such as the Turing Test. The study first analyzes the technical infrastructure of artificial intelligence in detail and discusses the current limits and potential of the technology through the distinction between weak and strong artificial intelligence. Weak artificial intelligence includes systems designed to perform specific tasks and do not exhibit general intelligence outside of those tasks, while strong artificial intelligence refers to systems with human-like general intelligence and flexible thinking capacity. Most of the widely used artificial intelligence applications today fall into the category of weak artificial intelligence. However, the development of strong artificial intelligence brings various ethical and theological consequences for humanity. The ethical issues of artificial intelligence include fundamental topics such as autonomy, responsibility, transparency, fairness, and privacy. The decision-making processes of autonomous systems raise serious ethical questions at the societal level. Especially autonomous weapons and artificial intelligence-managed justice systems raise concerns in terms of human rights and individual freedoms. In this context, the ethical framework of artificial intelligence has deep impacts on the future of humanity and human-machine interaction, not just limited to technological boundaries. From a theological perspective, the ability of artificial intelligence to imitate the human mind and creative processes raises deep theological issues such as the creativity of God, the place of human beings in the universe, and consciousness. The questions of whether artificial intelligence systems can gain consciousness and whether these conscious systems can have a spiritual status have led to new debates in theology and philosophy. The ethical principles of artificial intelligence are shaped around principles such as transparency, accountability, autonomy, human control, and data management. In conclusion, determining the ethical and theological principles that need to be considered in the development and application of artificial intelligence is critical for the future of humanity. A comprehensive examination of the ethical and theological dimensions of artificial intelligence technologies is necessary to understand and manage the social impacts of this technology. This study emphasizes the necessity of an interdisciplinary approach for the development of artificial intelligence in harmony with social values and for the benefit of humanity. The study provides an important theoretical framework for future research by shedding light on the complex ethical and theological issues arising from the development and widespread use of artificial intelligence.

 Yapay zekâ, insan zekâsını taklit eden ve zamanla bu zekâyı aşabilen sistemler ve programlar bütünü olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Bu teknolojilerin hızlı gelişimi, ahlaki sorumluluk, gizlilik, önyargı, insan haklarına saygı ve toplumsal etkiler gibi pek çok etik tartışmayı gündeme getirmiştir. Bu çalışma, yapay zekânın teknik altyapısını, zayıf ve güçlü yapay zekâ arasındaki farkları, etik sorunları ve teolojik boyutları ayrıntılı bir şekilde ele alarak, yapay zekânın insan hayatındaki yerini ve getirdiği sorunları kapsamlı bir bakış açısıyla incelemektedir. Yapay zekânın tarihsel gelişimi, matematiksel mantık, bilişsel bilimler, felsefe ve mühendislik gibi çeşitli disiplinlerin katkılarıyla şekillenmiştir. Antik Yunan filozoflarından günümüze, yapay zekâ üzerine düşünceler, insan doğası, bilinç ve sorumluluk gibi derin felsefi soruları gündeme getirmiştir. Alan Turingin geliştirdiği algoritmalar, yapay zekânın modern anlamda şekillenmesine katkı sağlamış ve Turing Testi gibi kavramlarla makinelerin insan benzeri zekâya sahip olup olmadığını değerlendirmek için ilk modelleri ortaya koymuştur. Çalışmada öncelikle, yapay zekânın teknik altyapısı detaylı bir biçimde analiz edilmekte; zayıf ve güçlü yapay zekâ ayrımı üzerinden teknolojinin mevcut sınırları ve potansiyeli tartışılmaktadır. Zayıf yapay zekâ, spesifik görevleri yerine getirmek üzere tasarlanmış ve bu görevler dışında genel bir zekâ sergilemeyen sistemleri içerirken; güçlü yapay zekâ, insan benzeri genel zekâ ve esnek düşünme kapasitesine sahip sistemleri ifade etmektedir. Günümüzde yaygın olarak kullanılan yapay zekâ uygulamalarının çoğu zayıf yapay zekâ kategorisindedir. Ancak, güçlü yapay zekânın gelişimi, insanlık için çeşitli etik ve teolojik sonuçları beraberinde getirmektedir. Yapay zekânın etik sorunları arasında özerklik, sorumluluk, şeffaflık, adalet ve mahremiyet gibi temel başlıklar bulunmaktadır. Otonom sistemlerin karar alma süreçleri, toplumsal düzeyde ciddi etik sorular doğurmaktadır. Özellikle otonom silahlar ve yapay zekâ tarafından yönetilen adalet sistemleri, insan hakları ve bireysel özgürlükler açısından endişelere neden olmaktadır. Bu bağlamda, yapay zekânın etik çerçevesi yalnızca teknolojik sınırlarla sınırlı kalmayıp, insanlığın geleceği ve insan-makine etkileşimi üzerine derin etkiler bırakmaktadır. Teolojik boyutlar açısından, yapay zekânın insan zihnini ve yaratıcı süreçleri taklit etmesi, Tanrının yaratıcılığı, insanın evrendeki yeri ve bilinç gibi derin teolojik meseleleri gündeme getirmektedir. Yapay zekâ sistemlerinin bilinç kazanıp kazanamayacağı ve bu bilinçli sistemlerin ruhsal bir statüye sahip olup olamayacağı soruları, teoloji ve felsefe alanında yeni tartışmalara yol açmaktadır. Yapay zekânın etik ilkeleri, şeffaflık, hesap verebilirlik, özerklik, insan denetimi ve veri yönetimi gibi prensipler etrafında şekillenmektedir. Sonuç olarak, yapay zekânın geliştirilmesi ve uygulanması sürecinde dikkat edilmesi gereken etik ve teolojik ilkelerin belirlenmesi, insanlığın geleceği açısından kritik bir öneme sahiptir. Yapay zekâ teknolojilerinin etik ve teolojik boyutlarının kapsamlı bir şekilde incelenmesi, bu teknolojinin toplumsal etkilerini anlamak ve yönetmek için gereklidir. Bu çalışmada, yapay zekânın toplumsal değerlerle uyumlu bir şekilde geliştirilmesi ve insanlığın faydasına kullanılması için disiplinler arası bir yaklaşımın gerekliliği vurgulanmaktadır. Çalışma, yapay zekânın gelişimi ve yaygınlaşmasıyla ortaya çıkan karmaşık etik ve teolojik meselelere ışık tutarak, gelecekteki araştırmalar için önemli bir teorik çerçeve sunmaktadır.

Makale detayları

Ethical and Theological Problems Related to Artificial Intelligence

Yazarlar:

Necmi Karslı

Yayıncı:

Eskişehir Osmangazi University

Ana Başlıklar:

Din Psikolojisi

Dergi:

Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi Vol.12 Issue Din ve Yapay Zeka, pp.1-19

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

5/2025

Belge Dili:

İngilizce

Document ID (Org No.):

2001329281

pISSN:

2147-8171

Psychology of Religion

Artificial Intelligence

Machine Learning

Ethics

TheologyDin Psikolojisi

Yapay Zekâ

Makine Öğrenmesi

Etik

Teoloji

Sayı

Makale detayları

Yazarlar: Necmi Karslı

Yayıncı: Eskişehir Osmangazi University

Ana Başlıklar: Din Psikolojisi

Dergi: Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi Vol.12 Issue Din ve Yapay Zeka, pp.1-19

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 5/2025

Belge Dili: İngilizce

Document ID (Org No.): 2001329281

pISSN: 2147-8171

Sayı

Yazarlar:

Necmi Karslı

Yayıncı:

Eskişehir Osmangazi University

Ana Başlıklar:

Din Psikolojisi

Dergi:

Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi Vol.12 Issue Din ve Yapay Zeka, pp.1-19

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

5/2025

Belge Dili:

İngilizce

Document ID (Org No.):

2001329281

pISSN:

2147-8171