Child Support Regulated in the Context of the Best Interests of the Child in Russian Law and Related Procedures and Principles

Salimya Ganıyeva

Makale detayları

Child Support Regulated in the Context of the Best Interests of the Child in Russian Law and Related Procedures and Principles

Yazarlar:

Salimya Ganıyeva

Yayıncı:

Anadolu University

Ana Başlıklar:

Aile Hukuku

Dergi:

Anadolu Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi Vol.11 Issue 2, pp.495-522

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

8/2025

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001356439

pISSN:

2687-394X

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 In the legal systems of many countries today, providing assistance among family members who share a certain degree of kinship is recognized not only as a moral responsibility but also as a legal obligation. This obligation, referred to as a alimony obligation, constitutes one of the fundamental issues in family law. Due to the importance of the subject, there are international conventions on alimony to which many states are parties. Alimony obligation refers to the obligations related to financial support after divorce or separation or in some cases between family members and is supervised by the relevant institutions. In many countries, failure to fulfil the alimony obligation without a valid reason constitutes a criminal offence under criminal law and is subject to various sanctions, including imprisonment. This situation also applies to Russian law. In Russian law, the term alimony generally means child support. In the Family Code of the Russian Federation RF dated 1995, which regulates the alimony institution, poverty alimony, one of the types of alimony, is provided in very limited cases and these cases are limited to the periods specified in the Code. The other type of alimony, alimony for support, is considered to be secondary in Russian law, and the payment of this alimony is also ruled in limited cases. Therefore, in the Russian Federation, the concept of alimony is identified with child alimony, which is regulated in the context of the best interests of the child. Nevertheless, in our opinion, there are some fundamental and procedural issues regarding child alimony in Russian law that need to be reviewed and it is the purpose of this study to draw attention to them.

 In the legal systems of many countries today, providing assistance among family members who share a certain degree of kinship is recognized not only as a moral responsibility but also as a legal obligation. This obligation, referred to as a alimony obligation, constitutes one of the fundamental issues in family law. Due to the importance of the subject, there are international conventions on alimony to which many states are parties. Alimony obligation refers to the obligations related to financial support after divorce or separation or in some cases between family members and is supervised by the relevant institutions. In many countries, failure to fulfil the alimony obligation without a valid reason constitutes a criminal offence under criminal law and is subject to various sanctions, including imprisonment. This situation also applies to Russian law. In Russian law, the term alimony generally means child support. In the Family Code of the Russian Federation RF dated 1995, which regulates the alimony institution, poverty alimony, one of the types of alimony, is provided in very limited cases and these cases are limited to the periods specified in the Code. The other type of alimony, alimony for support, is considered to be secondary in Russian law, and the payment of this alimony is also ruled in limited cases. Therefore, in the Russian Federation, the concept of alimony is identified with child alimony, which is regulated in the context of the best interests of the child. Nevertheless, in our opinion, there are some fundamental and procedural issues regarding child alimony in Russian law that need to be reviewed and it is the purpose of this study to draw attention to them.

 In the legal systems of many countries today, providing assistance among family members who share a certain degree of kinship is recognized not only as a moral responsibility but also as a legal obligation. This obligation, referred to as a alimony obligation, constitutes one of the fundamental issues in family law. Due to the importance of the subject, there are international conventions on alimony to which many states are parties. Alimony obligation refers to the obligations related to financial support after divorce or separation or in some cases between family members and is supervised by the relevant institutions. In many countries, failure to fulfil the alimony obligation without a valid reason constitutes a criminal offence under criminal law and is subject to various sanctions, including imprisonment. This situation also applies to Russian law. In Russian law, the term alimony generally means child support. In the Family Code of the Russian Federation RF dated 1995, which regulates the alimony institution, poverty alimony, one of the types of alimony, is provided in very limited cases and these cases are limited to the periods specified in the Code. The other type of alimony, alimony for support, is considered to be secondary in Russian law, and the payment of this alimony is also ruled in limited cases. Therefore, in the Russian Federation, the concept of alimony is identified with child alimony, which is regulated in the context of the best interests of the child. Nevertheless, in our opinion, there are some fundamental and procedural issues regarding child alimony in Russian law that need to be reviewed and it is the purpose of this study to draw attention to them.

 Günümüzde birçok ülkenin hukuk sisteminde belirli bir dereceye kadar yakın akrabalık ilişkisi bulunan aile bireylerinin birbirlerine yardım etmesi yalnızca ahlaki bir sorumluluk olarak değil, aynı zamanda hukuki bir yükümlülük olarak da kabul edilmektedir. Nafaka yükümlülüğü olarak adlandırılan bu mükellefiyet, aile hukukunun temel konularından biridir. Konunun önemine binaen nafaka ile ilgili imzalanan ve birçok devletin de taraf olduğu milletlerarası sözleşmeler mevcuttur. Nafaka yükümlülüğü, boşanma veya ayrılık sonrası ya da bazı hallerde aile üyeleri arasındaki maddi destek ile ilgili yükümlülükleri ifade etmekte ve ilgili kurumlarca denetlenmektedir. Hatta birçok ülke hukukunda geçerli sebep olmaksızın nafaka yükümlülüğünün yerine getirilmemesi ceza hukuku bağlamında suç teşkil etmekte ve hapis cezası da dâhil çeşitli yaptırımlara tâbi tutulmaktadır. Bu durum Rus hukuku için de geçerlidir. Rus hukukunda nafaka kavramı ile genellikle çocuk nafakası anlaşılmaktadır. Zira nafaka kurumunun düzenlendiği 1995 tarihli Rusya Federasyonu RF Aile Kanununda nafaka türlerinden yoksulluk nafakasına çok sınırlı hallerde yer verilmiş ve bu haller Kanunda belirtilen süreler ile sınırlandırılmıştır. Diğer nafaka türü olan yardım nafakası, Rus hukukunda ikinci derecede kabul edilip bu nafakanın ödenmesine yine sınırlı hallerde hükmedilmektedir. O yüzden, Rusya Federasyonunda nafaka kavramı ile daha ziyade çocuğun üstün yararı bağlamında düzenlenen çocuk nafakası özdeşleşmektedir. Buna rağmen Rus hukukunda, çocuk nafakasına ilişkin esaslı ve usuli konularda, kanaatimizce, gözden geçirilmesi gereken bazı hususlar bulunmakta ve bunlara dikkat çekmek çalışmamızın amacını teşkil etmektedir.

Makale detayları

Child Support Regulated in the Context of the Best Interests of the Child in Russian Law and Related Procedures and Principles

Yazarlar:

Salimya Ganıyeva

Yayıncı:

Anadolu University

Ana Başlıklar:

Aile Hukuku

Dergi:

Anadolu Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi Vol.11 Issue 2, pp.495-522

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

8/2025

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001356439

pISSN:

2687-394X

Russian Law

RF Family Code

Alimony

Best Interests of the Child

Child SupportRus Hukuku

RF Aile Kanunu

Nafaka

Çocuğun Üstün Yararı

Çocuk Nafakası

Sayı

Makale detayları

Yazarlar: Salimya Ganıyeva

Yayıncı: Anadolu University

Ana Başlıklar: Aile Hukuku

Dergi: Anadolu Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi Vol.11 Issue 2, pp.495-522

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 8/2025

Belge Dili: Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.): 2001356439

pISSN: 2687-394X

Sayı

Yazarlar:

Salimya Ganıyeva

Yayıncı:

Anadolu University

Ana Başlıklar:

Aile Hukuku

Dergi:

Anadolu Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi Vol.11 Issue 2, pp.495-522

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

8/2025

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001356439

pISSN:

2687-394X