Escape From Cairo to Vienna: Çerkes Mehmed Bey’s Refuge Seeking in the Habsburg Empire

Ömer Gezer

Makale detayları

Escape From Cairo to Vienna: Çerkes Mehmed Bey’s Refuge Seeking in the Habsburg Empire

Yazarlar:

Ömer Gezer

Yayıncı:

Istanbul University

Dergi:

Tarih Dergisi Issue 79, pp.39-88

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

7/2023

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001284890

pISSN:

1015-1818

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 Çerkes Mehmed, a sovereign Mameluke bey of Ottoman Egypt, fled from Cairo in the spring of 1726 after losing his war of expansion against the Sublime Porte. He first fled to Tripoli, then to Algiers. During this time, he attempted to obtain an imperial pardon to return to Egypt, using both the influence of the Barbary states and French diplomacy in Istanbul, where no one heard his voice. Then, encouraged by the regents of Tripoli and Algiers, he sailed to Triest to ask Charles VI, the Habsburg Emperor, for protection and mediation with the Ottoman Sultan, and for his pardon. Bearing in mind that this could endanger the peace with the Ottomans and the Karls Mediterranean diplomacy, the Hofburg did not allow him to travel to Vienna. In fact, the agenda of Ottoman-Habsburg relations changed when it emerged that Çerkes Mehmed was seeking refuge with the Habsburgs, with Istanbul demanding extradition of the rebellious bey, or at least the refusal of his refuge. Based on the Austrian, Ottoman, and British archival documents, as well as his letters, this article focuses on the last years of Çerkes Mehmed, from his flight from Cairo to Vienna to his death at his war for power in Egypt, where he returned after being refused by the Habsburgs.

 Çerkes Mehmed, a sovereign Mameluke bey of Ottoman Egypt, fled from Cairo in the spring of 1726 after losing his war of expansion against the Sublime Porte. He first fled to Tripoli, then to Algiers. During this time, he attempted to obtain an imperial pardon to return to Egypt, using both the influence of the Barbary states and French diplomacy in Istanbul, where no one heard his voice. Then, encouraged by the regents of Tripoli and Algiers, he sailed to Triest to ask Charles VI, the Habsburg Emperor, for protection and mediation with the Ottoman Sultan, and for his pardon. Bearing in mind that this could endanger the peace with the Ottomans and the Karls Mediterranean diplomacy, the Hofburg did not allow him to travel to Vienna. In fact, the agenda of Ottoman-Habsburg relations changed when it emerged that Çerkes Mehmed was seeking refuge with the Habsburgs, with Istanbul demanding extradition of the rebellious bey, or at least the refusal of his refuge. Based on the Austrian, Ottoman, and British archival documents, as well as his letters, this article focuses on the last years of Çerkes Mehmed, from his flight from Cairo to Vienna to his death at his war for power in Egypt, where he returned after being refused by the Habsburgs.

 Çerkes Mehmed, a sovereign Mameluke bey of Ottoman Egypt, fled from Cairo in the spring of 1726 after losing his war of expansion against the Sublime Porte. He first fled to Tripoli, then to Algiers. During this time, he attempted to obtain an imperial pardon to return to Egypt, using both the influence of the Barbary states and French diplomacy in Istanbul, where no one heard his voice. Then, encouraged by the regents of Tripoli and Algiers, he sailed to Triest to ask Charles VI, the Habsburg Emperor, for protection and mediation with the Ottoman Sultan, and for his pardon. Bearing in mind that this could endanger the peace with the Ottomans and the Karls Mediterranean diplomacy, the Hofburg did not allow him to travel to Vienna. In fact, the agenda of Ottoman-Habsburg relations changed when it emerged that Çerkes Mehmed was seeking refuge with the Habsburgs, with Istanbul demanding extradition of the rebellious bey, or at least the refusal of his refuge. Based on the Austrian, Ottoman, and British archival documents, as well as his letters, this article focuses on the last years of Çerkes Mehmed, from his flight from Cairo to Vienna to his death at his war for power in Egypt, where he returned after being refused by the Habsburgs.

 Osmanlı Mısırının iktidar sahibi memlûk beyi Çerkes Mehmed, Bâbıâli ile giriştiği güç mücadelesini 1726 İlkbaharında kaybettiğinde Kahireden firar ederek önce Trablusgarba, ardından Cezayire sığındı. Bu sırada gerek Garp Ocaklarının gerekse Fransız diplomasisinin Osmanlı başkentindeki etkisini kullanarak affedilip Mısıra dönmek için uğraştıysa da İstanbulda sesini duyuracağı kimse kalmamıştı. Bunun üzerine Trablusgarp ve Cezayir ocaklarının teşvikiyle, affedilmesi için Osmanlı padişahı nezdinde arabuluculuk yapacağına inandığı Habsburg İmparatoru VI. Karlın himayesini temin etmek için Triesteye gitti. Fakat Hofburg, Osmanlı barışını ve Akdeniz diplomasisini tehlikeye atacağını göz önünde bulundurarak Çerkes Mehmedin Viyanaya gelmesine izin vermedi. Nitekim Çerkes Mehmed Beyin Habsburglara iltica etmek niyetinde olduğu öğrenildiğinde Osmanlı-Habsburg ilişkilerinin gündemi değişmiş, İstanbul, asi beyin tutuklanarak teslimini yahut himaye edilmemesini istemişti. Bu makale Avusturya, Osmanlı ve İngiltere arşivlerine ve Çerkes Mehmedin mektuplarına dayanarak, Çerkes Mehmed Beyin Mısırdan firarından itibaren iltica arayışı ve bu konudaki başarısızlığından sonra Kahireye dönerek giriştiği iktidar savaşından ölümüne kadar olan sürece mercek tutmaktadır.

Makale detayları

Escape From Cairo to Vienna: Çerkes Mehmed Bey’s Refuge Seeking in the Habsburg Empire

Yazarlar:

Ömer Gezer

Yayıncı:

Istanbul University

Dergi:

Tarih Dergisi Issue 79, pp.39-88

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

7/2023

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001284890

pISSN:

1015-1818

Çerkes Mehmed Bey

Ottoman Egypt

Ottoman-Habsburg diplomacy

Algiers

Consul-General Ömer Aga

Leopold von Talman

Çerkes Mehmed Bey

Osmanlı Mısırı

Osmanlı-Habsburg diplomasisi

Cezayir

Şehbender Ömer Ağa

Leopold von Talman

Sayı

Makale detayları

Yazarlar: Ömer Gezer

Yayıncı: Istanbul University

Dergi: Tarih Dergisi Issue 79, pp.39-88

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 7/2023

Belge Dili: Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.): 2001284890

pISSN: 1015-1818

Sayı

Yazarlar:

Ömer Gezer

Yayıncı:

Istanbul University

Dergi:

Tarih Dergisi Issue 79, pp.39-88

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

7/2023

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001284890

pISSN:

1015-1818