An Example of a Mansion in Niksar: Cavusoglu Mansion

Müslüm Aydın; Recep Gün

Makale detayları

An Example of a Mansion in Niksar: Cavusoglu Mansion

Yazarlar:

Müslüm Aydın | Recep Gün

Yayıncı:

Tokat Gaziosmanpasa University

Ana Başlıklar:

Din Araştırmaları

Dergi:

Tokat İlmiyat Dergisi Vol.11 Issue 1, pp.69-90

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

6/2023

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001294702

pISSN:

2717-610X

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 The traditional Turkish housing architecture has shown a unique and rich variety in Anatolia geography by blending with both the new understanding of life brought by the religion of Islam and Turkish traditions. The importance of the tents used by the Turks as their living area is significant in realizing this progress. A very rich housing architecture to be noticed shape by different socio-economic, climatic, and geographical conditions, including different local architectural traditions, draws attention in many regions dominated by the Ottoman State. Anatolia is one of the important regions that contain this wealth. Although not as dense as Beypazarı and Safranbolu houses, Niksar has also taken its place in this rich variety. Before the earthquake that occurred in the region in 1939, the houses in the district mostly had a two-story appearance on the ground floor, but the upper floors were destroyed by the decision of the Niksar Municipality after the earthquake, and the roof was placed on the first floor. Considering that the upper floors used as the homeowners living space are the most decorated and important parts of the structure in traditional houses, the extent of the destruction caused by this decision is apparent. While the ground floor of Niksar houses was allocated for service purposes, the intermediate floors were kept low to endure the winter, and the upper floors were designed as living spaces. Niksar houses are divided into two groups: those located in the garden and those adjacent to the road. Most of these structures are simple, with no rich decorations, especially considering their facade characteristics. The overhangs, that are frequently preferred on upper floors to create a spacious area in traditional houses, are also present in Niksar houses. Cavusoglu Mansion was built in the last quarter of the 19th century on Ünye Street in Melikgazi District. The building is located near the southwest corner of a rectangular garden in a north-south direction, and a small part of the north corner is closed with an outbuilding wall. Four structures are in total, including another structure functioning as a woodshed and a depot inside the garden. The skeleton of the wooden carcass-based structure consisting of an intermediate and first floor on the ground is made of wooden poles and beams; the walls were made of stone masonry up to the water basin level, filled with mud between the wooden frames and painted with lime plaster. The hipped roof covering the building is covered with Turkish-style tiles, and the eaves are made of flat wood. The building was constructed by using wood, stone, adobe, plaster, metal, and tile materials. The main façade of the house overlooks south is the courtyard; other sides of almost similar length overlook the garden. The double-winged sentence gate in the center, the upper floor balcony on the same axis, the window openings around them, and the simple feature, the south facade has a symmetrical feature. Although similar symmetry is not seen on the other facades, except for the east facade, entry to the structure can be made from all sides, The mansion is included in the inner sofa group in the traditional house typology. The ground floor rises above the basement room from the west; It consists of a stony house, two servant rooms, a toilet, a warehouse, a horse and cattle barn. The intermediate floor, reached by a staircase adjacent to the cattle barn, covers the northern half of the structure and consists of three rooms. The first floor, which features a two-faced inner sofa plan type, has an inverted ceiling and a rectangular plan extending north-south. There is a hall where the stairwell is located on the north side of the sofa, and there is room on each side, while the balcony on the south side and a room on each side of the balcony are present. The double-winged wooden door between the rooms on the east side opens to the stairwell void, while the opposite door opens to the toilet. Çavuşoğlu Mansion is an unique example that reflects the traditional housing architecture in the region with its plan form, architectural features, and ornamentation.

 Geleneksel Türk konut mimarisi hem İslam dininin getirdiği yeni yaşam anlayışı hem de Türk gelenekleri ile kaynaşarak Anadolu coğrafyasında kendine has ve çok zengin bir çeşitleme göstermiştir. Bu gelişimlerin oluşumunda Türklerin yaşam alanı olarak kullandıkları çadırların önemi büyüktür. Osmanlı Devletinin hâkim olduğu birçok bölgede, farklı yerel mimari geleneklerinin de içinde olduğu, farklı sosyo-ekonomik, iklim ve coğrafi şartlarla şekillenen çok zengin bir konut mimarisi göze çarpar. Anadolu, bu zenginliği barındıran önemli bölgelerden biridir. Beypazarı ve Safranbolu evleri kadar yoğunlukta olmasa da Niksar da bu zengin yelpazede yerini almıştır. Bölgede yaşanan 1939 depremi öncesi ilçede bulunan evler çoğunlukla zemin üzeri iki katlı görünümde iken deprem sonrası Niksar Belediyesinin aldığı kararla üst katlar yıkılmış ve çatı birinci katın üzerine konumlandırılmıştır. Geleneksel konutlarda ev sahiplerinin yaşam alanı olarak kullanılan üst katların yapının en bezemeli ve önemli bölümleri olduğu düşünüldüğünde, bu kararın yol açtığı yıkımın boyutunun oldukça büyük olduğu ortadadır. Niksar evlerinin zemin katı hizmet işlerine ayrılırken ara katlar kışı geçirmek için basık tutulmuş üst katlar ise yaşam alanı olarak tasarlanmıştır. Niksar evleri bahçe içerisinde yer alanlar ve yola bitişik olanlar olmak üzere iki gruba ayrılmaktadırlar. Bu yapıların çoğunluğu cephe özellikleri dikkate alındığında zengin süslemelere sahip olmayıp sadedir. Geleneksel konutlarda üst katlarda geniş alan açmak için tercih edilen çıkmaları Niksar evlerinin genelinde de görmek mümkündür. Niksarda bulunan Çavuşoğlu Konağı söz konusu yapılardan sadece biridir. Çavuşoğlu Konağı, 19. yüzyılın son çeyreğinde Melikgazi Mahallesi, Ünye Caddesi üzerinde inşa edilmiştir. Yapı, kuzey-güney doğrultusunda dikdörtgen şekilli bir bahçenin güneybatı köşesine yakın konumlanmış olup kuzey köşesinin küçük bir bölümü müştemilat duvarı ile kapatılmıştır. Bahçe içerisinde odunluk işlevi gören başka bir yapı ve depoyla birlikte toplam dört yapı bulunmaktadır. Ahşap karkas esaslı zemin üzeri ara ve birinci kattan oluşan yapının iskeleti, ahşap direk ve kirişlerden; duvarlar ise su basman seviyesine kadar taş örgü, üzeri ahşap çatkı arası kerpiç doldurularak yapılmış ve kireç sıva ile boyanmıştır. Yapıyı örten kırma çatı, alaturka kiremit ile kaplı olup saçak altları düz ahşaptır. Binanın inşasında ahşap, taş, kerpiç, alçı, madeni ve kiremit malzeme tercih edilmiştir. Evin güneye bakan ana cephesi avluya; hemen hemen benzer uzunluktaki diğer yönleri ise bahçeye bakmaktadır. Güney cephe, merkezdeki çift kanatlı cümle kapısı, aynı eksendeki üst kat balkon ve çevrelerindeki pencerelerle simetrik özelliğe sahiptir. Diğer cephelerde benzer simetri görülmemekle birlikte doğu cephe haricindeki tüm cephelerden yapıya giriş yapılabilmektedir. Konak, geleneksel konut tipolojisinde iç sofalı grup içerisinde yer almaktadır. Batı tarafından bodrum kat odası üzerinde yükselen zemin kat; taşlık, iki hizmetli odası, helâ, ambar, at ve büyükbaş ahırından müteşekkildir. Ahıra bitişik merdivenle ulaşılan ara kat, yapının kuzey yarısını kapsamakta olup üç odadan oluşmaktadır. İki yüzlü iç sofalı plan tipinin görüldüğü birinci katın ters tavanla örtülü sofası, kuzey-güney uzantılı ve dikdörtgen planlıdır. Sofanın kuzey yönünde merdiven boşluğunun da bulunduğu hol, holün her iki yanında birer oda yer almakta iken güney yönünde balkon ve balkonun her iki yanında birer oda vardır. Doğu yöndeki odaların arasındaki çift kanatlı ahşap kapı merdiven boşluğuna, tam karşısındaki kapı ise helâya açılmaktadır. Çavuşoğlu Konağı plan biçimi, mimari özellikleri ve süslemesiyle bölgedeki geleneksel konut mimarisini yansıtan özgün bir örnektir.

 The traditional Turkish housing architecture has shown a unique and rich variety in Anatolia geography by blending with both the new understanding of life brought by the religion of Islam and Turkish traditions. The importance of the tents used by the Turks as their living area is significant in realizing this progress. A very rich housing architecture to be noticed shape by different socio-economic, climatic, and geographical conditions, including different local architectural traditions, draws attention in many regions dominated by the Ottoman State. Anatolia is one of the important regions that contain this wealth. Although not as dense as Beypazarı and Safranbolu houses, Niksar has also taken its place in this rich variety. Before the earthquake that occurred in the region in 1939, the houses in the district mostly had a two-story appearance on the ground floor, but the upper floors were destroyed by the decision of the Niksar Municipality after the earthquake, and the roof was placed on the first floor. Considering that the upper floors used as the homeowners living space are the most decorated and important parts of the structure in traditional houses, the extent of the destruction caused by this decision is apparent. While the ground floor of Niksar houses was allocated for service purposes, the intermediate floors were kept low to endure the winter, and the upper floors were designed as living spaces. Niksar houses are divided into two groups: those located in the garden and those adjacent to the road. Most of these structures are simple, with no rich decorations, especially considering their facade characteristics. The overhangs, that are frequently preferred on upper floors to create a spacious area in traditional houses, are also present in Niksar houses. Cavusoglu Mansion was built in the last quarter of the 19th century on Ünye Street in Melikgazi District. The building is located near the southwest corner of a rectangular garden in a north-south direction, and a small part of the north corner is closed with an outbuilding wall. Four structures are in total, including another structure functioning as a woodshed and a depot inside the garden. The skeleton of the wooden carcass-based structure consisting of an intermediate and first floor on the ground is made of wooden poles and beams; the walls were made of stone masonry up to the water basin level, filled with mud between the wooden frames and painted with lime plaster. The hipped roof covering the building is covered with Turkish-style tiles, and the eaves are made of flat wood. The building was constructed by using wood, stone, adobe, plaster, metal, and tile materials. The main façade of the house overlooks south is the courtyard; other sides of almost similar length overlook the garden. The double-winged sentence gate in the center, the upper floor balcony on the same axis, the window openings around them, and the simple feature, the south facade has a symmetrical feature. Although similar symmetry is not seen on the other facades, except for the east facade, entry to the structure can be made from all sides, The mansion is included in the inner sofa group in the traditional house typology. The ground floor rises above the basement room from the west; It consists of a stony house, two servant rooms, a toilet, a warehouse, a horse and cattle barn. The intermediate floor, reached by a staircase adjacent to the cattle barn, covers the northern half of the structure and consists of three rooms. The first floor, which features a two-faced inner sofa plan type, has an inverted ceiling and a rectangular plan extending north-south. There is a hall where the stairwell is located on the north side of the sofa, and there is room on each side, while the balcony on the south side and a room on each side of the balcony are present. The double-winged wooden door between the rooms on the east side opens to the stairwell void, while the opposite door opens to the toilet. Çavuşoğlu Mansion is an unique example that reflects the traditional housing architecture in the region with its plan form, architectural features, and ornamentation.

 The traditional Turkish housing architecture has shown a unique and rich variety in Anatolia geography by blending with both the new understanding of life brought by the religion of Islam and Turkish traditions. The importance of the tents used by the Turks as their living area is significant in realizing this progress. A very rich housing architecture to be noticed shape by different socio-economic, climatic, and geographical conditions, including different local architectural traditions, draws attention in many regions dominated by the Ottoman State. Anatolia is one of the important regions that contain this wealth. Although not as dense as Beypazarı and Safranbolu houses, Niksar has also taken its place in this rich variety. Before the earthquake that occurred in the region in 1939, the houses in the district mostly had a two-story appearance on the ground floor, but the upper floors were destroyed by the decision of the Niksar Municipality after the earthquake, and the roof was placed on the first floor. Considering that the upper floors used as the homeowners living space are the most decorated and important parts of the structure in traditional houses, the extent of the destruction caused by this decision is apparent. While the ground floor of Niksar houses was allocated for service purposes, the intermediate floors were kept low to endure the winter, and the upper floors were designed as living spaces. Niksar houses are divided into two groups: those located in the garden and those adjacent to the road. Most of these structures are simple, with no rich decorations, especially considering their facade characteristics. The overhangs, that are frequently preferred on upper floors to create a spacious area in traditional houses, are also present in Niksar houses. Cavusoglu Mansion was built in the last quarter of the 19th century on Ünye Street in Melikgazi District. The building is located near the southwest corner of a rectangular garden in a north-south direction, and a small part of the north corner is closed with an outbuilding wall. Four structures are in total, including another structure functioning as a woodshed and a depot inside the garden. The skeleton of the wooden carcass-based structure consisting of an intermediate and first floor on the ground is made of wooden poles and beams; the walls were made of stone masonry up to the water basin level, filled with mud between the wooden frames and painted with lime plaster. The hipped roof covering the building is covered with Turkish-style tiles, and the eaves are made of flat wood. The building was constructed by using wood, stone, adobe, plaster, metal, and tile materials. The main façade of the house overlooks south is the courtyard; other sides of almost similar length overlook the garden. The double-winged sentence gate in the center, the upper floor balcony on the same axis, the window openings around them, and the simple feature, the south facade has a symmetrical feature. Although similar symmetry is not seen on the other facades, except for the east facade, entry to the structure can be made from all sides, The mansion is included in the inner sofa group in the traditional house typology. The ground floor rises above the basement room from the west; It consists of a stony house, two servant rooms, a toilet, a warehouse, a horse and cattle barn. The intermediate floor, reached by a staircase adjacent to the cattle barn, covers the northern half of the structure and consists of three rooms. The first floor, which features a two-faced inner sofa plan type, has an inverted ceiling and a rectangular plan extending north-south. There is a hall where the stairwell is located on the north side of the sofa, and there is room on each side, while the balcony on the south side and a room on each side of the balcony are present. The double-winged wooden door between the rooms on the east side opens to the stairwell void, while the opposite door opens to the toilet. Çavuşoğlu Mansion is an unique example that reflects the traditional housing architecture in the region with its plan form, architectural features, and ornamentation.

Makale detayları

An Example of a Mansion in Niksar: Cavusoglu Mansion

Yazarlar:

Müslüm Aydın | Recep Gün

Yayıncı:

Tokat Gaziosmanpasa University

Ana Başlıklar:

Din Araştırmaları

Dergi:

Tokat İlmiyat Dergisi Vol.11 Issue 1, pp.69-90

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

6/2023

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001294702

pISSN:

2717-610X

Ottoman

Niksar

Traditional house

Housing architecture

Wooden decoration.Osmanlı

Niksar

Geleneksel ev

Konut mimarisi

Ahşap süsleme

Sayı

Makale detayları

Yazarlar: Müslüm Aydın | Recep Gün

Yayıncı: Tokat Gaziosmanpasa University

Ana Başlıklar: Din Araştırmaları

Dergi: Tokat İlmiyat Dergisi Vol.11 Issue 1, pp.69-90

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 6/2023

Belge Dili: Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.): 2001294702

pISSN: 2717-610X

Sayı

Yazarlar:

Müslüm Aydın | Recep Gün

Yayıncı:

Tokat Gaziosmanpasa University

Ana Başlıklar:

Din Araştırmaları

Dergi:

Tokat İlmiyat Dergisi Vol.11 Issue 1, pp.69-90

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

6/2023

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001294702

pISSN:

2717-610X