TURKISH PRESS FROM THE DECLARATION OF THE REPUBLIC TO THE DEMOCRAT PARTY POWER

Nurhan Aydın; Ferhat Acar; Bahar Şentürk Acar

Makale detayları

TURKISH PRESS FROM THE DECLARATION OF THE REPUBLIC TO THE DEMOCRAT PARTY POWER

Yazarlar:

Nurhan Aydın | Ferhat Acar | Bahar Şentürk Acar

Yayıncı:

Inonu University

Ana Başlıklar:

Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Tarihi

Dergi:

İnönü Üniversitesi Uluslararası Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi Vol.13 Issue 2, pp.627-655

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

12/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001337118

pISSN:

2147-0936

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 The first censorship intended to the Turkish Press took place with the Printing Press Regulation dated February 8, 1857, before the establishment of the Republic. With this Regulation, the Turkish press entered a new era. In order to publish a newspaper, some stipulations were imposed; the manuscripts of the newspaper were to be shown before publication and many other stipulations were also introduced. The ordinance remained in force until the Printing Law in 1909. This Ordinance was followed with the Ali Decree issued by the Grand Vizier Ali Pasha in 1867. Though this decree was issued temporarily, no matter which government came to power until 1909, they did not hesitate to use the decree in their own way and censor the press. During the reign of Abdülhamid II, the press entered a period of serious silence, while during the First and Second Constitutional Periods, there was a slight relief on the press. In both the National Struggle and the first period of the establishment of the Republic, the support of the press was given importance, and it was tried to provide support to the newly established state by granting partial freedoms to the press. When the criticisms made with the political and economic problems that emerged during World War II began to target the government, newspaper closure decisions were frequently implemented. The Soviet demands occurring in the new world order were also reflected in the press, and it was seen that both the pro-government and the opposition-supporting press expressed common ideas against the Soviet demands. Although the censorship on the press seemed to be relatively abolished after 1946, the control of the press continued after the criticism of the pro-opposition press. The press was always seen as a tool to direct public opinion and its influence on the transition to a multi-party system cannot be ignored.

 The first censorship intended to the Turkish Press took place with the Printing Press Regulation dated February 8, 1857, before the establishment of the Republic. With this Regulation, the Turkish press entered a new era. In order to publish a newspaper, some stipulations were imposed; the manuscripts of the newspaper were to be shown before publication and many other stipulations were also introduced. The ordinance remained in force until the Printing Law in 1909. This Ordinance was followed with the Ali Decree issued by the Grand Vizier Ali Pasha in 1867. Though this decree was issued temporarily, no matter which government came to power until 1909, they did not hesitate to use the decree in their own way and censor the press. During the reign of Abdülhamid II, the press entered a period of serious silence, while during the First and Second Constitutional Periods, there was a slight relief on the press. In both the National Struggle and the first period of the establishment of the Republic, the support of the press was given importance, and it was tried to provide support to the newly established state by granting partial freedoms to the press. When the criticisms made with the political and economic problems that emerged during World War II began to target the government, newspaper closure decisions were frequently implemented. The Soviet demands occurring in the new world order were also reflected in the press, and it was seen that both the pro-government and the opposition-supporting press expressed common ideas against the Soviet demands. Although the censorship on the press seemed to be relatively abolished after 1946, the control of the press continued after the criticism of the pro-opposition press. The press was always seen as a tool to direct public opinion and its influence on the transition to a multi-party system cannot be ignored.

 The first censorship intended to the Turkish Press took place with the Printing Press Regulation dated February 8, 1857, before the establishment of the Republic. With this Regulation, the Turkish press entered a new era. In order to publish a newspaper, some stipulations were imposed; the manuscripts of the newspaper were to be shown before publication and many other stipulations were also introduced. The ordinance remained in force until the Printing Law in 1909. This Ordinance was followed with the Ali Decree issued by the Grand Vizier Ali Pasha in 1867. Though this decree was issued temporarily, no matter which government came to power until 1909, they did not hesitate to use the decree in their own way and censor the press. During the reign of Abdülhamid II, the press entered a period of serious silence, while during the First and Second Constitutional Periods, there was a slight relief on the press. In both the National Struggle and the first period of the establishment of the Republic, the support of the press was given importance, and it was tried to provide support to the newly established state by granting partial freedoms to the press. When the criticisms made with the political and economic problems that emerged during World War II began to target the government, newspaper closure decisions were frequently implemented. The Soviet demands occurring in the new world order were also reflected in the press, and it was seen that both the pro-government and the opposition-supporting press expressed common ideas against the Soviet demands. Although the censorship on the press seemed to be relatively abolished after 1946, the control of the press continued after the criticism of the pro-opposition press. The press was always seen as a tool to direct public opinion and its influence on the transition to a multi-party system cannot be ignored.

 Türk basını ile ilgili ilk sansür henüz Cumhuriyet kurulmadan önce 8 Şubat 1857 tarihli Matbaa Nizamnamesi ile gerçekleşmiştir. Bu Nizamname ile Türk basını yeni bir döneme girmiş, gazete çıkarmak için basım öncesinde gazetenin müsveddelerinin gösterilmesi ve daha birçok şart getirilmiştir. Nizamname 1909 Matbuat Kanununa kadar yürürlükte kalmıştır. Bu Nizamnameyi 1867 tarihli Sadrazam Ali Paşa tarafından çıkarılan Ali Kararnamesi takip etmiştir. Bu kararname geçici olarak çıkarılsa da 1909a kadar başa geçen hangi hükümet olursa olsun kararnameyi kendisine göre kullanıp basına sansür uygulamaktan geri durmamıştır. II. Abdülhamit döneminde basın ciddi bir suskunluk dönemine girerken I. ve II. Meşrutiyet dönemlerinde basın üzerinde az da olsa bir rahatlama olmuştur. Hem Millî Mücadele hem de Cumhuriyetin kuruluşunun ilk döneminde basının desteğine önem verilmiş, basına kısmi özgürlükler tanınarak yeni kurulan devlete destek sağlanmaya çalışılmıştır. II. Dünya Savaşı sırasında ortaya çıkan siyasi ve iktisadi problemlerle birlikte yapılan eleştiriler iktidarı hedef almaya başlayınca sık sık gazete kapatma kararları uygulanmıştır. Yeni dünya düzeninde ortaya çıkan Sovyet istekleri de basına yansımış hem iktidar yanlısı hem de muhalefeti destekleyen basının Sovyet isteklerine karşı ortak fikirler beyan ettikleri görülmüştür. 1946 yılı sonrasında basın üzerindeki sansür nispeten kalkmış gibi görünse de muhalefet yanlısı basının eleştirileri sonrasında basını denetleme durumu devam etmiştir. Basın her daim kamuoyunu yönlendirecek bir araç olarak görülmüş ve çok partili sisteme geçişte etkisi göz ardı edilemeyecek derecede olmuştur.

Makale detayları

TURKISH PRESS FROM THE DECLARATION OF THE REPUBLIC TO THE DEMOCRAT PARTY POWER

Yazarlar:

Nurhan Aydın | Ferhat Acar | Bahar Şentürk Acar

Yayıncı:

Inonu University

Ana Başlıklar:

Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Tarihi

Dergi:

İnönü Üniversitesi Uluslararası Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi Vol.13 Issue 2, pp.627-655

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

12/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001337118

pISSN:

2147-0936

Press

Government-Opposition

Censorship

Democrat Party

NewspaperBasın

İktidar-Muhalefet

Sansür

Demokrat Parti

Gazete

Sayı

Makale detayları

Yazarlar: Nurhan Aydın | Ferhat Acar | Bahar Şentürk Acar

Yayıncı: Inonu University

Ana Başlıklar: Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Tarihi

Dergi: İnönü Üniversitesi Uluslararası Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi Vol.13 Issue 2, pp.627-655

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 12/2024

Belge Dili: Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.): 2001337118

pISSN: 2147-0936

Sayı

Yazarlar:

Nurhan Aydın | Ferhat Acar | Bahar Şentürk Acar

Yayıncı:

Inonu University

Ana Başlıklar:

Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Tarihi

Dergi:

İnönü Üniversitesi Uluslararası Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi Vol.13 Issue 2, pp.627-655

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

12/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001337118

pISSN:

2147-0936