Turkiye-Syria Relations in the Context of Security

Tunçay Öz

Makale detayları

Turkiye-Syria Relations in the Context of Security

Yazarlar:

Tunçay Öz

Yayıncı:

Dokuz Eylul University

Ana Başlıklar:

Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Tarihi | Atatürk İlkeleri İnkılap Tarihi

Dergi:

Journal of History and Strategy Issue 1, pp.99-122

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

3/2025

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001344166

pISSN:

3062-326X

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 Turkiye-Syria relations began under the shadow of England and France with the dissolution of the Ottoman Empire. This first period, which included important gains such as the annexation of Hatay to Turkiye in 1939 and the final determination of the southern borders with Syria, continued until 1946, when Syria gained independence by getting rid of the French mandate. With the establishment of the State of Israel in 1948, a new actor came into play in the Middle East that affected Turkeys relations with the Arab Republics and Syria. In 1971, the military coups in Syria ended and Hafez al-Assad took power. During this period, the Keban and Atatürk dams built by Turkiye on the Euphrates River and the sharing of transboundary waters became a significant problem between the two countries, and Syrias relations with the terrorist organizations it had supported from the beginning reached their peak. Syria provided political, economic and logistical support to the PKK terrorist organization opposing Turkiye in its own territory and in the Bekaa Valley. During the Turgut Özal era, a policy of solving political problems by creating mutual dependency was implemented, but after his death in 1993, it was abandoned and a security-oriented policy was adopted. Turkiye entered a new phase in relations with Syria with the Adana Agreement signed in 1998. In the context of security, Turkiye-Syria relations will be discussed under the following headings: Syrias separation from the Ottoman Empire and the French mandate, the Hatay Issue, the establishment of the State of Israel and its effects, the sharing of the Euphrates River waters with Syria and the problem of terrorism, the ethnic and religious structure of Syria, and the impact of the Turkiye-Syria border geography on relations.

 Turkiye-Syria relations began under the shadow of England and France with the dissolution of the Ottoman Empire. This first period, which included important gains such as the annexation of Hatay to Turkiye in 1939 and the final determination of the southern borders with Syria, continued until 1946, when Syria gained independence by getting rid of the French mandate. With the establishment of the State of Israel in 1948, a new actor came into play in the Middle East that affected Turkeys relations with the Arab Republics and Syria. In 1971, the military coups in Syria ended and Hafez al-Assad took power. During this period, the Keban and Atatürk dams built by Turkiye on the Euphrates River and the sharing of transboundary waters became a significant problem between the two countries, and Syrias relations with the terrorist organizations it had supported from the beginning reached their peak. Syria provided political, economic and logistical support to the PKK terrorist organization opposing Turkiye in its own territory and in the Bekaa Valley. During the Turgut Özal era, a policy of solving political problems by creating mutual dependency was implemented, but after his death in 1993, it was abandoned and a security-oriented policy was adopted. Turkiye entered a new phase in relations with Syria with the Adana Agreement signed in 1998. In the context of security, Turkiye-Syria relations will be discussed under the following headings: Syrias separation from the Ottoman Empire and the French mandate, the Hatay Issue, the establishment of the State of Israel and its effects, the sharing of the Euphrates River waters with Syria and the problem of terrorism, the ethnic and religious structure of Syria, and the impact of the Turkiye-Syria border geography on relations.

 Turkiye-Syria relations began under the shadow of England and France with the dissolution of the Ottoman Empire. This first period, which included important gains such as the annexation of Hatay to Turkiye in 1939 and the final determination of the southern borders with Syria, continued until 1946, when Syria gained independence by getting rid of the French mandate. With the establishment of the State of Israel in 1948, a new actor came into play in the Middle East that affected Turkeys relations with the Arab Republics and Syria. In 1971, the military coups in Syria ended and Hafez al-Assad took power. During this period, the Keban and Atatürk dams built by Turkiye on the Euphrates River and the sharing of transboundary waters became a significant problem between the two countries, and Syrias relations with the terrorist organizations it had supported from the beginning reached their peak. Syria provided political, economic and logistical support to the PKK terrorist organization opposing Turkiye in its own territory and in the Bekaa Valley. During the Turgut Özal era, a policy of solving political problems by creating mutual dependency was implemented, but after his death in 1993, it was abandoned and a security-oriented policy was adopted. Turkiye entered a new phase in relations with Syria with the Adana Agreement signed in 1998. In the context of security, Turkiye-Syria relations will be discussed under the following headings: Syrias separation from the Ottoman Empire and the French mandate, the Hatay Issue, the establishment of the State of Israel and its effects, the sharing of the Euphrates River waters with Syria and the problem of terrorism, the ethnic and religious structure of Syria, and the impact of the Turkiye-Syria border geography on relations.

 Türkiye Suriye ilişkileri Osmanlı İmparatorluğunun dağılma süreciyle birlikte İngiltere ve Fransanın gölgesinde başlamıştır. 1939 yılında Hatayın Türkiyeye katılması ve Suriye ile nihai olarak güney sınırlarının belirlenmesi gibi önemli kazanımların olduğu bu ilk dönem, Suriyenin Fransız mandasından kurtularak bağımsızlığını kazandığı 1946 yılına kadar devam etmiştir. 1948 yılında İsrail Devletinin kuruluşu ile birlikte Ortadoğu coğrafyasında Türkiyenin Arap Cumhuriyetleri ve Suriye ile ilişkilerini etkileyen yeni bir aktör devreye girmiştir. 1971 yılına gelindiğinde Suriyede askeri darbeler sona ermiş ve Hafız Esad iktidarı ele geçirmiştir. Bu dönemde Türkiyenin Fırat nehri üzerine kurduğu Keban ve Atatürk barajları ile sınır aşan suların paylaşımı iki ülke arasında önemli bir sorun olmuş ve Suriyenin baştan beri desteklediği terör örgütleriyle ilişkileri zirveye çıkmıştır. Suriye, Türkiyeye muhalif PKK terör örgütüne kendi topraklarında ve Beka Vadisinde siyasal, ekonomik ve lojistik destek sağlamıştır. Turgut Özal döneminde, karşılıklı bağımlılık yaratarak siyasi sorunları çözme politikası uygulanmış, 1993 yılında vefatından sonra terk edilerek güvenlik eksenli politikaya dönülmüştür. Türkiye 1998 yılında imzalanan Adana Mutabakatıyla Suriye ile ilişkilerde yeni bir evreye girmiştir. Güvenlik bağlamında Türkiye Suriye ilişkileri, Suriyenin Osmanlıdan ayrılışı ve Fransız manda yönetimi, Hatay Meselesi, İsrail Devletinin kuruluşu ve etkileri, Suriye ile Fırat Nehri sularının paylaşımı ve terör sorunu, Suriyenin etnik ve dini yapısı ve Türkiye Suriye sınır coğrafyasının ilişkilere etkisi başlıkları altında ele alınacaktır.

Makale detayları

Turkiye-Syria Relations in the Context of Security

Yazarlar:

Tunçay Öz

Yayıncı:

Dokuz Eylul University

Ana Başlıklar:

Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Tarihi | Atatürk İlkeleri İnkılap Tarihi

Dergi:

Journal of History and Strategy Issue 1, pp.99-122

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

3/2025

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001344166

pISSN:

3062-326X

Syria

Turkiye

PKK terorist organization

Transboundary waters

Hatay IssueSuriye

PKK terör örgütü

Hatay meselesi

Türkiye

Sınır Aşan Sular

Sayı

Makale detayları

Yazarlar: Tunçay Öz

Yayıncı: Dokuz Eylul University

Ana Başlıklar: Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Tarihi | Atatürk İlkeleri İnkılap Tarihi

Dergi: Journal of History and Strategy Issue 1, pp.99-122

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 3/2025

Belge Dili: Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.): 2001344166

pISSN: 3062-326X

Sayı

Yazarlar:

Tunçay Öz

Yayıncı:

Dokuz Eylul University

Ana Başlıklar:

Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Tarihi | Atatürk İlkeleri İnkılap Tarihi

Dergi:

Journal of History and Strategy Issue 1, pp.99-122

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

3/2025

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001344166

pISSN:

3062-326X