The First Appearance of Anti-Communism in Universities in Turkey: Events of 1948 Faculty of Language, History and Geography

Mehmet Koca

Makale detayları

The First Appearance of Anti-Communism in Universities in Turkey: Events of 1948 Faculty of Language, History and Geography

Yazarlar:

Mehmet Koca

Yayıncı:

Yozgat Bozok University

Dergi:

Türkiye Siyaset Bilimi Dergisi Vol.6 Issue 1, pp.23-33

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

3/2023

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001286797

pISSN:

2587-2346

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 The history of anti-communism in Turkey dates back to the second half of the 19th century, the last period of the Ottoman Empire. The Ameleperver Society, which is considered the first emergence of socialist thought in the Ottoman Empire, was closed in accordance with the police regulations after 1876. From this date onwards, the opposition to communism continued increasingly during the process that continued with the collapse of the state and then the establishment of the republic. While Mustafa Kemal approached the relations with the Soviets positively during and after the National Struggle, he thought completely differently when it came to communism and took a clear stand against this ideology. Other statesmen who succeeded Mustafa Kemal also continued this anti-communist attitude. After the tensions between the two countries after World War II, Turkey put the Soviets and communism in the first place in the perception of internal and external threats. Thus, in order to stop the development of the communist threat within the country and to eliminate it if possible, a counter-operation started in the country, involving politics, the press and the public. Universities were the first institution to be affected by communism and anti-communist movements, as communism found more supporters among the youth. These ideological conflicts experienced by the left-wing faculty members of the Ankara University Faculty of Language, History and Geography, first with the students and then with the university administration and political power, were among the important topics of the agenda throughout the 1940s. In this study, the first emergence of the communist ideology, which has been trying to exist in Turkish politics for many years, in the university, and then the causes and consequences of the conflicts in the triangle of academia, politics and press have been tried to be revealed.

 The history of anti-communism in Turkey dates back to the second half of the 19th century, the last period of the Ottoman Empire. The Ameleperver Society, which is considered the first emergence of socialist thought in the Ottoman Empire, was closed in accordance with the police regulations after 1876. From this date onwards, the opposition to communism continued increasingly during the process that continued with the collapse of the state and then the establishment of the republic. While Mustafa Kemal approached the relations with the Soviets positively during and after the National Struggle, he thought completely differently when it came to communism and took a clear stand against this ideology. Other statesmen who succeeded Mustafa Kemal also continued this anti-communist attitude. After the tensions between the two countries after World War II, Turkey put the Soviets and communism in the first place in the perception of internal and external threats. Thus, in order to stop the development of the communist threat within the country and to eliminate it if possible, a counter-operation started in the country, involving politics, the press and the public. Universities were the first institution to be affected by communism and anti-communist movements, as communism found more supporters among the youth. These ideological conflicts experienced by the left-wing faculty members of the Ankara University Faculty of Language, History and Geography, first with the students and then with the university administration and political power, were among the important topics of the agenda throughout the 1940s. In this study, the first emergence of the communist ideology, which has been trying to exist in Turkish politics for many years, in the university, and then the causes and consequences of the conflicts in the triangle of academia, politics and press have been tried to be revealed.

 The history of anti-communism in Turkey dates back to the second half of the 19th century, the last period of the Ottoman Empire. The Ameleperver Society, which is considered the first emergence of socialist thought in the Ottoman Empire, was closed in accordance with the police regulations after 1876. From this date onwards, the opposition to communism continued increasingly during the process that continued with the collapse of the state and then the establishment of the republic. While Mustafa Kemal approached the relations with the Soviets positively during and after the National Struggle, he thought completely differently when it came to communism and took a clear stand against this ideology. Other statesmen who succeeded Mustafa Kemal also continued this anti-communist attitude. After the tensions between the two countries after World War II, Turkey put the Soviets and communism in the first place in the perception of internal and external threats. Thus, in order to stop the development of the communist threat within the country and to eliminate it if possible, a counter-operation started in the country, involving politics, the press and the public. Universities were the first institution to be affected by communism and anti-communist movements, as communism found more supporters among the youth. These ideological conflicts experienced by the left-wing faculty members of the Ankara University Faculty of Language, History and Geography, first with the students and then with the university administration and political power, were among the important topics of the agenda throughout the 1940s. In this study, the first emergence of the communist ideology, which has been trying to exist in Turkish politics for many years, in the university, and then the causes and consequences of the conflicts in the triangle of academia, politics and press have been tried to be revealed.

 Türkiyede komünizm karşıtlığının geçmişi, Osmanlının son demlerini yaşadığı XIX. yüzyılın ikinci yarısına kadar uzanmaktadır. Sosyalist düşüncenin Osmanlıdaki ilk teşekkülü sayılan Ameleperver Cemiyetinin 1876dan sonra polis nizamnamesi gereğince kapatılmasından itibaren başlayıp, devletin yıkılması ve ardından cumhuriyetin kuruluşuyla devam eden süreç boyunca komünizm karşıtlığı artarak devam etmiştir. Mustafa Kemal, Milli Mücadele dönemi ve sonrasında Sovyetlerle kurulan ilişkilere olumlu yaklaşırken, konu komünizme geldiğinde tamamen farklı düşünmüş ve bu ideolojiye açıkça tavır almıştır. Mustafa Kemalden sonra yerine gelen diğer devlet adamları da onun bu komünizm karşıtı çizgisini devam ettirmişlerdir. II. Dünya Savaşı sonrası iki ülke arasında yaşanan gerginliklerin ardından Türkiye, Sovyetleri ve dolayısıyla komünizmi iç ve dış tehdit algısında ilk sıraya almıştır. Bu maksatla komünizm tehdidinin ülke içerisindeki gelişimini durdurmak ve mümkünse ortadan kaldırmak maksadıyla ülke içinde siyasetin, basının ve halkın dâhil olduğu bir karşı harekât başlamıştır. Komünizmin en fazla gençler arasında taraftar bulması dolayısıyla komünizmden ve komünizm karşıtı hareketlerden etkilenen kurumların başında da üniversiteler gelmektedir. Ankara Üniversitesi Dil Tarih ve Coğrafya Fakültesinin sol görüşlü öğretim üyelerinin önce öğrencilerle ardından üniversite yönetimi ve siyasi iktidarla yaşadıkları bu ideolojik çatışmalar Türk siyasetinin dönüm noktası sayılan 1940lı yıllar boyunca gündemin önemli konuları arasında yer almıştır. Bu çalışmada uzun yıllardan beri Türk siyasetinde ve düşünce dünyasında var olmaya çalışan komünizm ideolojisinin üniversitedeki ilk tezahürü ve sonrasında akademi, siyaset ve basın üçgeninde yaşanan çatışmaların nedenleri ve sonuçları incelenerek ortaya konulmaya çalışılmıştır.

Makale detayları

The First Appearance of Anti-Communism in Universities in Turkey: Events of 1948 Faculty of Language, History and Geography

Yazarlar:

Mehmet Koca

Yayıncı:

Yozgat Bozok University

Dergi:

Türkiye Siyaset Bilimi Dergisi Vol.6 Issue 1, pp.23-33

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

3/2023

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001286797

pISSN:

2587-2346

Cold War

Communism

Anti-Communism

Nationalism

University

Soğuk Savaş

Komünizm

Anti-Komünizm

Milliyetçilik

Üniversite.

Sayı

Makale detayları

Yazarlar: Mehmet Koca

Yayıncı: Yozgat Bozok University

Dergi: Türkiye Siyaset Bilimi Dergisi Vol.6 Issue 1, pp.23-33

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 3/2023

Belge Dili: Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.): 2001286797

pISSN: 2587-2346

Sayı

Yazarlar:

Mehmet Koca

Yayıncı:

Yozgat Bozok University

Dergi:

Türkiye Siyaset Bilimi Dergisi Vol.6 Issue 1, pp.23-33

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

3/2023

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001286797

pISSN:

2587-2346