AN EVALUATION ON EFFECTS OF CAUCASIAN MIGRATIONS: IMMIGRANT CHILDREN AND SMALLPOX (1864-1909)

Canan Sarıyar Sezan

Makale detayları

AN EVALUATION ON EFFECTS OF CAUCASIAN MIGRATIONS: IMMIGRANT CHILDREN AND SMALLPOX (1864-1909)

Yazarlar:

Canan Sarıyar Sezan

Yayıncı:

Ayla KAŞOĞLU

Ana Başlıklar:

Yakınçağ Osmanlı Tarihi

Dergi:

Avrasya Uluslararası Araştırmalar Dergisi Vol.13 Issue 44, pp.371-387

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

8/2025

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001358123

pISSN:

2147-2610

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 Smallpox has an important place among infectious diseases and manifests itself with various symptoms such as swellings on the skin and severe pain. Smallpox was first clinically described by Rhazes in the 10th century. Epidemics have caused the deaths of millions of people all over the world for centuries. For example, in the 8th century, an estimated 200,000-600,000 people lost their lives annually in Europe. While most of the deaths due to epidemics were seen in children especially infants, smallpox was the cause of 13 of childhood deaths. In this study, smallpox was examined in the context of the concept of immigration, and its global reflections and spread to Ottoman lands were examined. It was revealed where the migrations took place between 1864-1909 and which communities they consisted of, and the formation of institutions established for immigrants, especially tahaffuzhanes and immigrant camps, was stated and the activities carried out there were examined. After the migration, information was provided about the settlement areas decided for the immigrants and the measures taken by the Ottoman Empire regarding the immigrant children carrying smallpox were investigated. The quarantines in the quarantine centers applied to the smallpox seen especially in the children of Chechen, Circassian, Livane, Batumi and Siberian immigrants migrating from the Caucasus and the practices aimed at preventing the spread and treating the disease were revealed based on archive documents. In this context, the strategies and practices of the Ottoman administration regarding the health of the immigrants were detailed. In the study, the archive scanning method, one of the qualitative research methods, was used. The main source of the study was the documents of the Presidential State Archives. In addition, the literature was scanned and previous studies that would contribute to our topic on the Caucasian migrations and the manifestation of smallpox in children in the Ottoman Empire were used.

 Smallpox has an important place among infectious diseases and manifests itself with various symptoms such as swellings on the skin and severe pain. Smallpox was first clinically described by Rhazes in the 10th century. Epidemics have caused the deaths of millions of people all over the world for centuries. For example, in the 8th century, an estimated 200,000-600,000 people lost their lives annually in Europe. While most of the deaths due to epidemics were seen in children especially infants, smallpox was the cause of 13 of childhood deaths. In this study, smallpox was examined in the context of the concept of immigration, and its global reflections and spread to Ottoman lands were examined. It was revealed where the migrations took place between 1864-1909 and which communities they consisted of, and the formation of institutions established for immigrants, especially tahaffuzhanes and immigrant camps, was stated and the activities carried out there were examined. After the migration, information was provided about the settlement areas decided for the immigrants and the measures taken by the Ottoman Empire regarding the immigrant children carrying smallpox were investigated. The quarantines in the quarantine centers applied to the smallpox seen especially in the children of Chechen, Circassian, Livane, Batumi and Siberian immigrants migrating from the Caucasus and the practices aimed at preventing the spread and treating the disease were revealed based on archive documents. In this context, the strategies and practices of the Ottoman administration regarding the health of the immigrants were detailed. In the study, the archive scanning method, one of the qualitative research methods, was used. The main source of the study was the documents of the Presidential State Archives. In addition, the literature was scanned and previous studies that would contribute to our topic on the Caucasian migrations and the manifestation of smallpox in children in the Ottoman Empire were used.

 Smallpox has an important place among infectious diseases and manifests itself with various symptoms such as swellings on the skin and severe pain. Smallpox was first clinically described by Rhazes in the 10th century. Epidemics have caused the deaths of millions of people all over the world for centuries. For example, in the 8th century, an estimated 200,000-600,000 people lost their lives annually in Europe. While most of the deaths due to epidemics were seen in children especially infants, smallpox was the cause of 13 of childhood deaths. In this study, smallpox was examined in the context of the concept of immigration, and its global reflections and spread to Ottoman lands were examined. It was revealed where the migrations took place between 1864-1909 and which communities they consisted of, and the formation of institutions established for immigrants, especially tahaffuzhanes and immigrant camps, was stated and the activities carried out there were examined. After the migration, information was provided about the settlement areas decided for the immigrants and the measures taken by the Ottoman Empire regarding the immigrant children carrying smallpox were investigated. The quarantines in the quarantine centers applied to the smallpox seen especially in the children of Chechen, Circassian, Livane, Batumi and Siberian immigrants migrating from the Caucasus and the practices aimed at preventing the spread and treating the disease were revealed based on archive documents. In this context, the strategies and practices of the Ottoman administration regarding the health of the immigrants were detailed. In the study, the archive scanning method, one of the qualitative research methods, was used. The main source of the study was the documents of the Presidential State Archives. In addition, the literature was scanned and previous studies that would contribute to our topic on the Caucasian migrations and the manifestation of smallpox in children in the Ottoman Empire were used.

 Çiçek hastalığı, enfeksiyon hastalıkları arasında önemli bir yer tutmakta olup, ciltte kabartılar ve şiddetli ağrılar gibi çeşitli belirtilerle kendini göstermektedir. Çiçek hastalığı klinik olarak ilk kez 10 yy.da Rhazes tarafından tanımlanmıştır. Salgınlar yüzyıllar boyunca tüm dünyada milyonlarca insanın ölümüne neden olmuştur. Örneğin 8. yy.da Avrupada yılda tahminen 200.000-600.000 arasında insan yaşamını yitirmiştir. Salgınlara bağlı ölümlerin çoğu çocuklarda özellikle bebeklerde görülürken, çocukluk çağındaki ölümlerin 13ünün nedeni çiçek hastalığı olmuştur. Bu çalışmada, muhacirlik kavramı bağlamında çiçek hastalığı ele alınarak, küresel yansımaları ve Osmanlı topraklarına yayılması incelenmiştir. 1864-1909 yılları arasında göçlerin nerelerden yapıldığı ve hangi topluluklardan meydana geldiği ortaya konulmuş, muhacirler için oluşturulan kurumlardan özellikle tahaffuzhaneler ve göçmen kamplarının oluşumundan bahsedilmiş ve burada yürütülen faaliyetler incelenmiştir. Göç sonrasında muhacirler için kararlaştırılan iskân bölgeleri hakkında bilgi verilerek çiçek hastalığı taşıyan muhacir çocuklar ile ilgili Osmanlı Devletinin aldığı önlemler araştırılmıştır. Özellikle Kafkasyadan göç eden Çeçen, Çerkes, Livane, Batum ve Sibirya muhacirlerinin çocuklarında görülen çiçek hastalıklarına uygulanan tahaffuzhanelerdeki karantinalar ve hastalığın yayılmamasına ve iyileştirilmesine yönelik uygulamalar, arşiv belgelerine dayanılarak ortaya çıkarılmıştır. Bu bağlamda, Osmanlı yönetiminin göçmen sağlığına yönelik stratejileri ve uygulamaları detaylandırılmıştır. Çalışmada nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden arşiv tarama metodu kullanılmıştır. Çalışmanın temel kaynağını Cumhurbaşkanlığı Devlet Arşivleri belgeleri oluşturmuştur. Ayrıca Literatür taranarak Kafkas göçleri ve Osmanlıda çiçek hastalığının çocuklarda tezahürü hakkındaki konumuza katkı sunacak evvelki çalışmalardan istifade edilmiştir.

Makale detayları

AN EVALUATION ON EFFECTS OF CAUCASIAN MIGRATIONS: IMMIGRANT CHILDREN AND SMALLPOX (1864-1909)

Yazarlar:

Canan Sarıyar Sezan

Yayıncı:

Ayla KAŞOĞLU

Ana Başlıklar:

Yakınçağ Osmanlı Tarihi

Dergi:

Avrasya Uluslararası Araştırmalar Dergisi Vol.13 Issue 44, pp.371-387

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

8/2025

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001358123

pISSN:

2147-2610

Ottoman State

Immigrants

Children

SmallpoxOsmanlı Devleti

Muhacir

Çocuk

Çiçek Hastalığı

Sayı

Makale detayları

Yazarlar: Canan Sarıyar Sezan

Yayıncı: Ayla KAŞOĞLU

Ana Başlıklar: Yakınçağ Osmanlı Tarihi

Dergi: Avrasya Uluslararası Araştırmalar Dergisi Vol.13 Issue 44, pp.371-387

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 8/2025

Belge Dili: Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.): 2001358123

pISSN: 2147-2610

Sayı

Yazarlar:

Canan Sarıyar Sezan

Yayıncı:

Ayla KAŞOĞLU

Ana Başlıklar:

Yakınçağ Osmanlı Tarihi

Dergi:

Avrasya Uluslararası Araştırmalar Dergisi Vol.13 Issue 44, pp.371-387

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

8/2025

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001358123

pISSN:

2147-2610