Poetry as a Source of Urban History: The Case of Bitlis

İbrahim Barca; Muhammed Uğurlu

Makale detayları

Poetry as a Source of Urban History: The Case of Bitlis

Yazarlar:

İbrahim Barca | Muhammed Uğurlu

Yayıncı:

Harran University

Ana Başlıklar:

İslam Tarihi ve Medeniyeti | İslam Tarihi

Dergi:

Harran İlahiyat Dergisi Issue 53, pp.23-44

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

6/2025

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001342562

pISSN:

2791-6812

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 The first examples of cities were seen in such places as Iran, Iraq and Mesopotamia; they were basically established to protect people who gathered and lived in them and met their needs. Having a history that can be traced back to ancient times, cities form the center of social life as areas which socio-cultural life, religious life and economy center around. Assuming an important place and impact on peoples lives and characteristics, cities have also been a subject of literary and scholarly works. One of these is the works of urban historiography. The oldest examples of city historiography can be found in the East Syriac world. The Chronicle of Edessa, written in the sixth century, is an example of urban and regional history. In the West, the works written by some local bishops in the 11th century to praise cities, particularly Milan and Bologna, are the earliest core of Western urban historiography. The first work of urban history in the Eastern Islamic world is considered to be al-Hasan al-Basrīs work titled the Virtues of Makkah Fazail-i Makkah. Many works of urban history have been written both in the East and the West so far. With the development of cities, science and scientific methods, urban historiography has evolved and expanded over time, in terms of its content, scope and sources. Classical Islamic works of urban and regional history contain abundant information about cities, including, but not limited to, the name of the city, its foundation, conquest, characteristics, natural and religious sites in it, its landscape, inhabitants, economic life, political life, social life, art, architectural works and important events that took place in it. Being historians, scholars who study cities have benefited from every source that provides information about the city they are interested in. One of these sources is poetry about cities. The historical records of many Islamic cities written in the Middle Ages include poetry that provide information about the city in some way. The present study discusses poems about Bitlis, in terms of being a source of the urban history of Bitlis. Based on these poems, the study reveals information about the historical properties of Bitlis. Ibn al-Zarīf, Mawlānā ʿAbd al-Hallāq, Shāʾir Mahmūdoğlu, Sharafkhān-i Bidlīsī, Erzurumlu İbrāhīm Haqqī, Mushtāq Baba, Diyarbakırlı ʿAzmī and Alvarlı Efe are among the poets whose poems were identified and used this study. Some of these poets from Bitlis and other cities, such as Ibn al-Zarīf, described different feelings that Bitlis evoked in them. Some of them wrote about its geography, cold springs, creeks, streams, weather, climate, gardens, vineyards, flowers, trees, mountains, plains, fruits, vegetables, streets, neighborhoods, customs, traditions and cultural and social life. Some historical and religious artefacts in Bitlis, some characteristics of its people, love and longing for Bitlis and some people who lived in Bitlis are among other issues mentioned in the poems. The deep love that the Sufis felt for their sheikhs and the longing for the city where their sheikh lived are a remarkable theme in the poems. One of the key contributions of the present study is the identification and introduction of some poems about Bitlis that have not come to light until today.

 The first examples of cities were seen in such places as Iran, Iraq and Mesopotamia; they were basically established to protect people who gathered and lived in them and met their needs. Having a history that can be traced back to ancient times, cities form the center of social life as areas which socio-cultural life, religious life and economy center around. Assuming an important place and impact on peoples lives and characteristics, cities have also been a subject of literary and scholarly works. One of these is the works of urban historiography. The oldest examples of city historiography can be found in the East Syriac world. The Chronicle of Edessa, written in the sixth century, is an example of urban and regional history. In the West, the works written by some local bishops in the 11th century to praise cities, particularly Milan and Bologna, are the earliest core of Western urban historiography. The first work of urban history in the Eastern Islamic world is considered to be al-Hasan al-Basrīs work titled the Virtues of Makkah Fazail-i Makkah. Many works of urban history have been written both in the East and the West so far. With the development of cities, science and scientific methods, urban historiography has evolved and expanded over time, in terms of its content, scope and sources. Classical Islamic works of urban and regional history contain abundant information about cities, including, but not limited to, the name of the city, its foundation, conquest, characteristics, natural and religious sites in it, its landscape, inhabitants, economic life, political life, social life, art, architectural works and important events that took place in it. Being historians, scholars who study cities have benefited from every source that provides information about the city they are interested in. One of these sources is poetry about cities. The historical records of many Islamic cities written in the Middle Ages include poetry that provide information about the city in some way. The present study discusses poems about Bitlis, in terms of being a source of the urban history of Bitlis. Based on these poems, the study reveals information about the historical properties of Bitlis. Ibn al-Zarīf, Mawlānā ʿAbd al-Hallāq, Shāʾir Mahmūdoğlu, Sharafkhān-i Bidlīsī, Erzurumlu İbrāhīm Haqqī, Mushtāq Baba, Diyarbakırlı ʿAzmī and Alvarlı Efe are among the poets whose poems were identified and used this study. Some of these poets from Bitlis and other cities, such as Ibn al-Zarīf, described different feelings that Bitlis evoked in them. Some of them wrote about its geography, cold springs, creeks, streams, weather, climate, gardens, vineyards, flowers, trees, mountains, plains, fruits, vegetables, streets, neighborhoods, customs, traditions and cultural and social life. Some historical and religious artefacts in Bitlis, some characteristics of its people, love and longing for Bitlis and some people who lived in Bitlis are among other issues mentioned in the poems. The deep love that the Sufis felt for their sheikhs and the longing for the city where their sheikh lived are a remarkable theme in the poems. One of the key contributions of the present study is the identification and introduction of some poems about Bitlis that have not come to light until today.

 The first examples of cities were seen in such places as Iran, Iraq and Mesopotamia; they were basically established to protect people who gathered and lived in them and met their needs. Having a history that can be traced back to ancient times, cities form the center of social life as areas which socio-cultural life, religious life and economy center around. Assuming an important place and impact on peoples lives and characteristics, cities have also been a subject of literary and scholarly works. One of these is the works of urban historiography. The oldest examples of city historiography can be found in the East Syriac world. The Chronicle of Edessa, written in the sixth century, is an example of urban and regional history. In the West, the works written by some local bishops in the 11th century to praise cities, particularly Milan and Bologna, are the earliest core of Western urban historiography. The first work of urban history in the Eastern Islamic world is considered to be al-Hasan al-Basrīs work titled the Virtues of Makkah Fazail-i Makkah. Many works of urban history have been written both in the East and the West so far. With the development of cities, science and scientific methods, urban historiography has evolved and expanded over time, in terms of its content, scope and sources. Classical Islamic works of urban and regional history contain abundant information about cities, including, but not limited to, the name of the city, its foundation, conquest, characteristics, natural and religious sites in it, its landscape, inhabitants, economic life, political life, social life, art, architectural works and important events that took place in it. Being historians, scholars who study cities have benefited from every source that provides information about the city they are interested in. One of these sources is poetry about cities. The historical records of many Islamic cities written in the Middle Ages include poetry that provide information about the city in some way. The present study discusses poems about Bitlis, in terms of being a source of the urban history of Bitlis. Based on these poems, the study reveals information about the historical properties of Bitlis. Ibn al-Zarīf, Mawlānā ʿAbd al-Hallāq, Shāʾir Mahmūdoğlu, Sharafkhān-i Bidlīsī, Erzurumlu İbrāhīm Haqqī, Mushtāq Baba, Diyarbakırlı ʿAzmī and Alvarlı Efe are among the poets whose poems were identified and used this study. Some of these poets from Bitlis and other cities, such as Ibn al-Zarīf, described different feelings that Bitlis evoked in them. Some of them wrote about its geography, cold springs, creeks, streams, weather, climate, gardens, vineyards, flowers, trees, mountains, plains, fruits, vegetables, streets, neighborhoods, customs, traditions and cultural and social life. Some historical and religious artefacts in Bitlis, some characteristics of its people, love and longing for Bitlis and some people who lived in Bitlis are among other issues mentioned in the poems. The deep love that the Sufis felt for their sheikhs and the longing for the city where their sheikh lived are a remarkable theme in the poems. One of the key contributions of the present study is the identification and introduction of some poems about Bitlis that have not come to light until today.

 İlk örnekleri İran-Irak ve Mezopotamya gibi yerlerde görülen şehirler, temelde içinde yaşayan ve biraraya gelmiş insanları korumak ve ihtiyaçlarını karşılamak üzere kurulmuştur. Geçmişi çok eski zamanlara tekabül eden şehirler, sosyo-kültürel hayatın, din yaşantısının, ekonominin yoğunlaştığı alanlar olarak toplumsal hayatın merkezini oluşturmaktadır. İnsanların hayatında ve birçok özelliklerinde önemli bir yeri ve etkisi olan şehirler, insanların edebi, ilmi ve bilimsel ürünlerine de konu olmuştur. Söz konusu ürünlerden birisi de şehir tarihçiliğidir. Şehir tarihçiliğinin en eski örneklerine Doğu Süryani dünyasında rastlanmaktadır. 6. yüzyılda kaleme alınmış Urhoy Kroniği Urfa-Edessa kroniği şehir ve bölge tarihine örnek olarak gösterilebilir. Batıda 11. yüzyılda bazı yerel psikoposların başta Milan ve Bologna olmak üzere şehri övmek için yazdıkları eserler, Batı şehir tarihçiliğinin ilk nüveleridir. Doğu İslam dünyasındaki ilk şehir tarihi eseri Hasan el-Basrînin Fezâilü Mekke adlı eseri olarak kabul edilir. Günümüze kadar hem doğuda hem batıda birçok şehir tarihi eserleri kaleme alınmıştır. Zaman içerisinde şehirlerin, bilimin ve bilimsel yöntemlerin gelişmesiyle şehir tarihçiliği içerik, muhteva ve kaynak olarak değişim göstermiş ve genişlemiştir. Klasik İslam şehir ve bölge tarihi eserleri şehirlere ait birçok malumatı barındırmaktadır. Şehirlerin ismi, kuruluşu, fethedilişi, özellikleri, doğal ve dini mekânları, yeryüzü şekilleri, sakinleri, ekonomik, siyasi ve sosyal hayatı, sanat ve mimari eserleri, önemli olayları ve kişileri gibi konular bunlardan bazılarıdır. Şehir tarihçileri bir tarihçi olmaları hasebiyle konu edindikleri şehre ait bilgi veren her kaynaktan istifade etmişlerdir. Bu kaynaklardan birisi de insanların şehirlere dair yazmış oldukları şiirlerdir. Orta Çağda kaleme alınmış birçok İslam şehir tarihi eserinde bir şekilde şehire ait bilgiler veren şiirlere yer verilmiştir. Bu makalede Bitlis şehir tarihine kaynaklık yapmaları bakımından Bitlis ile ilgili şiirler ele alınmıştır. Bu şiirlerden yola çıkarak Bitlisin tarihi özellikleri ve Bitlise ait tarihi bilgiler ortaya çıkarılmaya çalışılmıştır. İbnuz-Zarîf, Mevlana Abdulhallâk, Şair Mahmudoğlu, Şerefhân-ı Bidlîsî, Erzurumlu İbrahim Hakkı, Müştak Baba, Diyarbakırlı Azmî ve Alvarlı Efe mezkûr şiirleri tespit edilen ve kendilerinden istifade edilen şairlerdir. Bitlisli ve Bitlisli olmayan bu şairlerden kimisi -örneğin İbnuz-Zarîf- Bitlisin kendilerinde ortaya çıkarmış oldukları ve onlara yaşattıkları değişik duyguları zikretmiştir. Kimisi de coğrafyası, soğuk su kaynakları, dereleri ve çayları, havası ve iklimi, bahçe ve bağları, çiçek ve ağaçları, dağları ve ovaları, meyve ve sebzeleri, sokak ve mahalleleri ile bazı âdet ve gelenekleri, kültürel ve sosyal hayatını, konu edinmişlerdir. Bitliste bulunan bazı tarihi ve dini eserler; Bitlis insanının bazı özellikleri ile Bitlise ve Bitliste yaşamış bazı kişilere duyulan sevgi ve hasret de şiirlerde yer alan diğer unsurlardandır. Bu meyanda mutasavvıfların şeyhlerine duymuş olduğu muhabbet ve o muhabbetle şeyhinin şehrine duyulan hasret dikkate değerdir. Çalışmanın özgün taraflarından biri bugüne kadar gün yüzüne çıkmamış olan Bitlis hakkındaki bazı şiirlerin tespit edilip tanıtılması olmuştur.

Makale detayları

Poetry as a Source of Urban History: The Case of Bitlis

Yazarlar:

İbrahim Barca | Muhammed Uğurlu

Yayıncı:

Harran University

Ana Başlıklar:

İslam Tarihi ve Medeniyeti | İslam Tarihi

Dergi:

Harran İlahiyat Dergisi Issue 53, pp.23-44

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

6/2025

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001342562

pISSN:

2791-6812

Islamic History

City History

Bitlis

History of Bitlis

Poetry of Bitlisİslam Tarihi

Şehir Tarihi

Bitlis

Bitlis Tarihi

Bitlis Şiirleri

Sayı

Makale detayları

Yazarlar: İbrahim Barca | Muhammed Uğurlu

Yayıncı: Harran University

Ana Başlıklar: İslam Tarihi ve Medeniyeti | İslam Tarihi

Dergi: Harran İlahiyat Dergisi Issue 53, pp.23-44

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 6/2025

Belge Dili: Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.): 2001342562

pISSN: 2791-6812

Sayı

Yazarlar:

İbrahim Barca | Muhammed Uğurlu

Yayıncı:

Harran University

Ana Başlıklar:

İslam Tarihi ve Medeniyeti | İslam Tarihi

Dergi:

Harran İlahiyat Dergisi Issue 53, pp.23-44

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

6/2025

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001342562

pISSN:

2791-6812