THE FINANCIAL DEMANDS OF THE BALKAN STATES FOLLOWING THE FIRST BALKAN WAR

Toroshan Ozdamar

Makale detayları

THE FINANCIAL DEMANDS OF THE BALKAN STATES FOLLOWING THE FIRST BALKAN WAR

Yazarlar:

Toroshan Ozdamar

Yayıncı:

Trakya University

Ana Başlıklar:

Tarihsel Çalışmalar (Diğer)

Dergi:

Balkan Araştırma Enstitüsü Dergisi Vol.13 Issue 2, pp.555-596

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

12/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001335375

pISSN:

2147-1371

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 Following the conclusion of the First Balkan War, the Great Powers, which the Ottoman State referred to as the Powers of the World, convened in Paris with the objective of establishing the Financial Commission for Balkan Affairs. The commissions mandate was to facilitate the transfer of Ottoman public debts and economic concessions to the Balkan states. France, the largest creditor of the Ottoman State, assumed the role of the most influential state and the host of the commission. In response to the Great Powers request for succession to the Ottoman debt and privileges, the Balkan states initiated a counter-move by demanding compensation from the Ottoman Empire. Despite their initial reluctance, the Great Powers ultimately consented to consider the Balkan states demand for compensation within the framework of the Financial Commission for Balkan Affairs. In order to examine the financial claims of the Balkan states, a committee was established within the Financial Commission for Balkan Affairs, with the specific mandate of addressing the financial claims of the combatants. The committee was tasked with examining the claims for compensation, rather than adjudicating them. The objective of this study is to examine the quantitative basis of the demands for compensation made by the combatants, with reference to the committee minutes, the extent to which these comply with the norms of international law prevailing at the time, and the stance adopted by the Ottoman State and the Great Powers in response to the financial demands. To this end, committee minutes, archival documents, and the French press, which was closely involved with the committee, were subjected to analysis in chronological order. Consequently, the Balkan states advanced the assertion that they had incurred material losses amounting to approximately 2.5 billion francs as a consequence of the war. In order to substantiate their claim, the Balkan states provided examples from international agreements and practices, thereby demanding compensation from the Ottoman State for the aforementioned losses. The primary objective of the their demand for compensation was the substitution of the Ottoman debt to be paid. Contrary to the arguments put forward by the Balkan states regarding the concessions, the Ottoman Empire defended itself in accordance with legal norms. While Russia offered support to the Balkan states in the committee negotiations, other Great Powers, particularly France and Germany, provided backing to the Ottoman Empire due to their economic interests. As a result, the prevailing political climate and the support of the Great Powers led to the absence of any decision against the Ottoman State within the committee.

 Following the conclusion of the First Balkan War, the Great Powers, which the Ottoman State referred to as the Powers of the World, convened in Paris with the objective of establishing the Financial Commission for Balkan Affairs. The commissions mandate was to facilitate the transfer of Ottoman public debts and economic concessions to the Balkan states. France, the largest creditor of the Ottoman State, assumed the role of the most influential state and the host of the commission. In response to the Great Powers request for succession to the Ottoman debt and privileges, the Balkan states initiated a counter-move by demanding compensation from the Ottoman Empire. Despite their initial reluctance, the Great Powers ultimately consented to consider the Balkan states demand for compensation within the framework of the Financial Commission for Balkan Affairs. In order to examine the financial claims of the Balkan states, a committee was established within the Financial Commission for Balkan Affairs, with the specific mandate of addressing the financial claims of the combatants. The committee was tasked with examining the claims for compensation, rather than adjudicating them. The objective of this study is to examine the quantitative basis of the demands for compensation made by the combatants, with reference to the committee minutes, the extent to which these comply with the norms of international law prevailing at the time, and the stance adopted by the Ottoman State and the Great Powers in response to the financial demands. To this end, committee minutes, archival documents, and the French press, which was closely involved with the committee, were subjected to analysis in chronological order. Consequently, the Balkan states advanced the assertion that they had incurred material losses amounting to approximately 2.5 billion francs as a consequence of the war. In order to substantiate their claim, the Balkan states provided examples from international agreements and practices, thereby demanding compensation from the Ottoman State for the aforementioned losses. The primary objective of the their demand for compensation was the substitution of the Ottoman debt to be paid. Contrary to the arguments put forward by the Balkan states regarding the concessions, the Ottoman Empire defended itself in accordance with legal norms. While Russia offered support to the Balkan states in the committee negotiations, other Great Powers, particularly France and Germany, provided backing to the Ottoman Empire due to their economic interests. As a result, the prevailing political climate and the support of the Great Powers led to the absence of any decision against the Ottoman State within the committee.

 Following the conclusion of the First Balkan War, the Great Powers, which the Ottoman State referred to as the Powers of the World, convened in Paris with the objective of establishing the Financial Commission for Balkan Affairs. The commissions mandate was to facilitate the transfer of Ottoman public debts and economic concessions to the Balkan states. France, the largest creditor of the Ottoman State, assumed the role of the most influential state and the host of the commission. In response to the Great Powers request for succession to the Ottoman debt and privileges, the Balkan states initiated a counter-move by demanding compensation from the Ottoman Empire. Despite their initial reluctance, the Great Powers ultimately consented to consider the Balkan states demand for compensation within the framework of the Financial Commission for Balkan Affairs. In order to examine the financial claims of the Balkan states, a committee was established within the Financial Commission for Balkan Affairs, with the specific mandate of addressing the financial claims of the combatants. The committee was tasked with examining the claims for compensation, rather than adjudicating them. The objective of this study is to examine the quantitative basis of the demands for compensation made by the combatants, with reference to the committee minutes, the extent to which these comply with the norms of international law prevailing at the time, and the stance adopted by the Ottoman State and the Great Powers in response to the financial demands. To this end, committee minutes, archival documents, and the French press, which was closely involved with the committee, were subjected to analysis in chronological order. Consequently, the Balkan states advanced the assertion that they had incurred material losses amounting to approximately 2.5 billion francs as a consequence of the war. In order to substantiate their claim, the Balkan states provided examples from international agreements and practices, thereby demanding compensation from the Ottoman State for the aforementioned losses. The primary objective of the their demand for compensation was the substitution of the Ottoman debt to be paid. Contrary to the arguments put forward by the Balkan states regarding the concessions, the Ottoman Empire defended itself in accordance with legal norms. While Russia offered support to the Balkan states in the committee negotiations, other Great Powers, particularly France and Germany, provided backing to the Ottoman Empire due to their economic interests. As a result, the prevailing political climate and the support of the Great Powers led to the absence of any decision against the Ottoman State within the committee.

 Osmanlı Devletinin Düvel-i Muazzama olarak adlandırdığı Büyük Güçler, I. Balkan Savaşından sonra Osmanlı kamu borçları ve iktisadi imtiyazlarının Balkan devletlerine devredilmesi için Pariste Balkan İşleri Mali Komisyonunu kurmuşlardır. Osmanlının en büyük alacaklısı konumunda olan Fransa, komisyonun en etkili devleti ve mihmandarı olmuştur. Büyük Güçlerin isteğiyle Osmanlı borcu ve imtiyazlarına halef olmayı kabul eden Balkan devletleri, karşı bir hamle yaparak Osmanlı Devletinden tazminat talep etmişlerdir. Büyük Güçler, Balkan devletlerinin tazminat talebine sıcak bakmasalar da konunun Balkan İşleri Mali Komisyonunda görüşülmesini onay vermişlerdir. Balkan devletlerinin maddi taleplerini incelenmek amacıyla Balkan İşleri Mali Komisyonu bünyesinde Muhariplerin Mali Talepleri Komitesi kurulmuştur. Komite, tazminat iddialarını karara bağlamaktan ziyade inceleme yapmakla ile görevlendirilmiştir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, komite görüşme tutanakları temelinde muhariplerin tazminat taleplerinin nicelik olarak incelenmesi, dönemin uluslararası hukuk normlarına uygunluğu, Osmanlı Devleti ve Büyük Güçlerin maddi taleplere karşı tutumu gibi konuların değerlendirilmesidir. Bu doğrultuda komite görüşme tutanakları, arşiv belgeleri ve komite ile yakından ilgilenen Fransız matbuatı kronolojik olarak analiz edilmiştir. Buna göre Balkan devletleri, savaş nedeniyle 2,5 milyar frank civarında maddi kayba uğradıklarını iddia etmişlerdir. Uluslararası anlaşma ve uygulamalardan örnekler veren Balkan devletleri, mezkûr kayıpların Osmanlı Devleti tarafından tazmin edilmesini istemişlerdir. Balkan devletlerinin tazminat talebindeki asıl amaç, ödenmesi istenen Osmanlı borcunun ikame edilmesidir. Balkan tezlerine karşın Osmanlı Devleti, hukuki normlara uygun savunmalar yapmıştır. Rusya, komite görüşmelerinde Balkan devletlerini desteklerken Fransa ve Almanya başta olmak üzere diğer Büyük Güçler, iktisadi çıkarları gereği Osmanlı Devletini desteklemişlerdir. Dönemin siyasal iklimi ve Büyük Güçlerin desteği sonucunda komitede, Osmanlı Devleti aleyhinde bir karar alınmamıştır.

Makale detayları

THE FINANCIAL DEMANDS OF THE BALKAN STATES FOLLOWING THE FIRST BALKAN WAR

Yazarlar:

Toroshan Ozdamar

Yayıncı:

Trakya University

Ana Başlıklar:

Tarihsel Çalışmalar (Diğer)

Dergi:

Balkan Araştırma Enstitüsü Dergisi Vol.13 Issue 2, pp.555-596

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

12/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001335375

pISSN:

2147-1371

Balkan Wars

Ottoman Empire

Balkan States

War Compensation

Law of WarBalkan Savaşları

Osmanlı Devleti

Balkan Devletleri

Savaş Tazminatı

Savaş Hukuku

Sayı

Makale detayları

Yazarlar: Toroshan Ozdamar

Yayıncı: Trakya University

Ana Başlıklar: Tarihsel Çalışmalar (Diğer)

Dergi: Balkan Araştırma Enstitüsü Dergisi Vol.13 Issue 2, pp.555-596

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 12/2024

Belge Dili: Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.): 2001335375

pISSN: 2147-1371

Sayı

Yazarlar:

Toroshan Ozdamar

Yayıncı:

Trakya University

Ana Başlıklar:

Tarihsel Çalışmalar (Diğer)

Dergi:

Balkan Araştırma Enstitüsü Dergisi Vol.13 Issue 2, pp.555-596

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

12/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001335375

pISSN:

2147-1371