High FFA Oils: A Comparative Analysis of Biodiesel Production via Direct Transesterification and Sequential Esterification-Transesterification Processes

Halis Deviren; Erdal Çılğın

Makale detayları

High FFA Oils: A Comparative Analysis of Biodiesel Production via Direct Transesterification and Sequential Esterification-Transesterification Processes

Yazarlar:

Halis Deviren | Erdal Çılğın

Yayıncı:

Erciyes University

Ana Başlıklar:

Yenilenebilir Enerji Sistemleri

Dergi:

Erciyes Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Fen Bilimleri Dergisi Vol.40 Issue 3, pp.570-586

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

12/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001337251

pISSN:

1012-2354

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 In this study, biodiesel production was carried out using a single-step transesterification and a two-step esterification  transesterification process with Pistacia terebinthus oil TO, which has a high free fatty acid FFA content. TO, containing 5.8 FFA, was converted into biodiesel using single-step TOTB100 and two-step TOETB100 methods, and the effects of FFA content on biodiesel yield were analyzed using analytical characterization techniques. According to the Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry GC-MS results, the oleic acid content in the TO sample was determined to be 48.4, while the total Fatty Acid Methyl Ester FAME content in TOETB100 biodiesel was calculated as 95.7. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy FT-IR analysis revealed a characteristic peak at 1438.1 cm¹, indicating FAME formation in the TOETB100 biodiesel. Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ¹H NMR and Carbon Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ¹³C NMR analyses showed that the conversion efficiency of TOTB100 biodiesel was lower 60.74 compared to that of TOETB100 biodiesel 78.01. As a result, it was determined that the two-step method provides higher conversion efficiency and FAME content compared to the single-step method in biodiesel production from oils with high FFA content. These findings suggest that the two-step chemical process is a more suitable method for biodiesel production from oils with high FFA content.

 In this study, biodiesel production was carried out using a single-step transesterification and a two-step esterification  transesterification process with Pistacia terebinthus oil TO, which has a high free fatty acid FFA content. TO, containing 5.8 FFA, was converted into biodiesel using single-step TOTB100 and two-step TOETB100 methods, and the effects of FFA content on biodiesel yield were analyzed using analytical characterization techniques. According to the Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry GC-MS results, the oleic acid content in the TO sample was determined to be 48.4, while the total Fatty Acid Methyl Ester FAME content in TOETB100 biodiesel was calculated as 95.7. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy FT-IR analysis revealed a characteristic peak at 1438.1 cm¹, indicating FAME formation in the TOETB100 biodiesel. Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ¹H NMR and Carbon Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ¹³C NMR analyses showed that the conversion efficiency of TOTB100 biodiesel was lower 60.74 compared to that of TOETB100 biodiesel 78.01. As a result, it was determined that the two-step method provides higher conversion efficiency and FAME content compared to the single-step method in biodiesel production from oils with high FFA content. These findings suggest that the two-step chemical process is a more suitable method for biodiesel production from oils with high FFA content.

 In this study, biodiesel production was carried out using a single-step transesterification and a two-step esterification  transesterification process with Pistacia terebinthus oil TO, which has a high free fatty acid FFA content. TO, containing 5.8 FFA, was converted into biodiesel using single-step TOTB100 and two-step TOETB100 methods, and the effects of FFA content on biodiesel yield were analyzed using analytical characterization techniques. According to the Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry GC-MS results, the oleic acid content in the TO sample was determined to be 48.4, while the total Fatty Acid Methyl Ester FAME content in TOETB100 biodiesel was calculated as 95.7. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy FT-IR analysis revealed a characteristic peak at 1438.1 cm¹, indicating FAME formation in the TOETB100 biodiesel. Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ¹H NMR and Carbon Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ¹³C NMR analyses showed that the conversion efficiency of TOTB100 biodiesel was lower 60.74 compared to that of TOETB100 biodiesel 78.01. As a result, it was determined that the two-step method provides higher conversion efficiency and FAME content compared to the single-step method in biodiesel production from oils with high FFA content. These findings suggest that the two-step chemical process is a more suitable method for biodiesel production from oils with high FFA content.

 Bu çalışmada, yüksek serbest yağ asidi FFA içeriğine sahip menengiç yağı TO kullanılarak biyodizel üretimi, tek adımlı transesterifikasyon ve iki adımlı esterifikasyon  transesterifikasyon yöntemleri ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. 5,8 FFA içeriğine sahip TO, tek adımlı TOTB100 ve iki adımlı TOETB100 yöntemleriyle biyodizele dönüştürülmüş ve bu süreçlerin FFA oranının biyodizel verimliliğine etkisi analitik karakterizasyon yöntemleri ile incelenmiştir. Gaz Kromatografisi-Kütle Spektrometrisi GC-MS analiz sonuçlarına göre, TO örneğinde oleik asit içeriği 48,4 oranında tespit edilmiş ve TOETB100 biyodizelinde toplam Yağ Asidi Metil Esterleri FAME oranı 95,7 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Fourier Dönüşümlü Kızılötesi Spektroskopisi FT-IR analizinde, TOETB100 biyodizelinde 1438,1 cm¹ dalga boyunda FAME oluşumunu gösteren karakteristik bir pik gözlemlenmiştir. Proton nükleer manyetik rezonans ¹H NMR ve Karbon nükleer manyetik rezonans ¹³C NMR analizleri, TOTB100 biyodizelinde düşük dönüşüm verimliliği 60,74 gösterirken, TOETB100 biyodizelinde bu oran 78,01 olarak belirlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak, yüksek FFA içeriğine sahip yağların biyodizel üretiminde iki adımlı yöntemin, tek adımlı yönteme kıyasla daha yüksek verimlilik ve FAME oranı sağladığı belirlenmiştir. Bu bulgular, yüksek FFA içerikli yağların biyodizel üretiminde iki adımlı kimyasal sürecin daha uygun bir yöntem olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır.

Makale detayları

High FFA Oils: A Comparative Analysis of Biodiesel Production via Direct Transesterification and Sequential Esterification-Transesterification Processes

Yazarlar:

Halis Deviren | Erdal Çılğın

Yayıncı:

Erciyes University

Ana Başlıklar:

Yenilenebilir Enerji Sistemleri

Dergi:

Erciyes Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Fen Bilimleri Dergisi Vol.40 Issue 3, pp.570-586

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

12/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001337251

pISSN:

1012-2354

Free Fatty Acid (FFA)

Terebinth Oil

Biodiesel Production

Esterification + Transesterification

GC-MS

FT-IR

¹H NMR and ¹³C NMRSerbest Yağ Asidi (FFA)

Menengiç Yağı

Biyodizel Üretimi

Esterifikasyon + Transesterifikasyon

GC-MS

FT-IR

¹H NMR ve ¹³C NMR

Sayı

Makale detayları

Yazarlar: Halis Deviren | Erdal Çılğın

Yayıncı: Erciyes University

Ana Başlıklar: Yenilenebilir Enerji Sistemleri

Dergi: Erciyes Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Fen Bilimleri Dergisi Vol.40 Issue 3, pp.570-586

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 12/2024

Belge Dili: Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.): 2001337251

pISSN: 1012-2354

Sayı

Yazarlar:

Halis Deviren | Erdal Çılğın

Yayıncı:

Erciyes University

Ana Başlıklar:

Yenilenebilir Enerji Sistemleri

Dergi:

Erciyes Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Fen Bilimleri Dergisi Vol.40 Issue 3, pp.570-586

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

12/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001337251

pISSN:

1012-2354