The Psychology of Arrogance

Muharrem Aka

Makale detayları

The Psychology of Arrogance

Yazarlar:

Muharrem Aka

Yayıncı:

Harran University

Ana Başlıklar:

Din Psikolojisi

Dergi:

Harran İlahiyat Dergisi Issue 51, pp.107-128

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

6/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001319178

pISSN:

2791-6812

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 There are two major aspects of the definitions of arrogance. Firstly, arrogance is defined as primitive and baseless pride. Secondly, it is defined as having the feeling of being superior to other people. Arrogance is associated with pride and conceit on the one hand, and contempt, disdain and humiliation on the other. There is a rich literature in both Western and Eastern theology and philosophy about concepts related to arrogance, such as grandiosity, pride and humility. In psychology, arrogance is often discussed in relation to narcissism, which is of particular interest to psychoanalysts. But arrogance as a personality trait or attitude remains largely ignored and understudied. The reason for this intellectual laziness may be the ambiguity of the attitudes and behaviours that should be examined in relation to arrogance. Arrogance can be an underlying factor in problems in many areas, including bilateral, family, and group relations and even in international relations. There is relatively little research on arrogance, which has such an impact. Among the issues that need to be researched are how arrogance manifests itself in individuals, societies and human relations; which aspects of it are prevalent among people; and under what circumstances it emerges. Arrogance is also an important phenomenon to be studied in psychopathology and social interactions for theoretical and practical reasons. This is because everyone may have arrogant characteristics to some extent and may sometimes exhibit arrogant attitudes and behaviours. Therefore, cognitive or motivational bias that leads to arrogant attitudes need to be better understood. Important contributions can be made to research on this topic by increasing the number and quality of interdisciplinary research on arrogance, besides bringing together and discussing information and problems. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-5 uses a descriptive approach in defining mental and behavioural disorders. This approach explains how behavioural disorders in individuals are perceived in society and what their reflections in social life are. This study investigates arrogance from a psychological perspective and descriptively analyses the individual and cultural reflections of it. The aim of the study is to develop a conceptual and theoretical perspective by examining the literature on arrogance in psychology. With this aim in mind, document analysis, one of the qualitative research techniques, was used in the study. The study discusses the meaning of arrogance in Islamic literature, along with its manifestations and psychoanalyticpsychological aspects. First, the concept of arrogance was defined in the fields of religion and psychology. Then, arrogance, which is one of the important indicators of narcissistic personality disorder, is analysed based on the psychoanalytic theory. Various definitions and explanations of arrogance are presented by referring to various researchers ranging from Freud to the recent psychoanalytic theorists. The behavioural and intellectual aspects of arrogance were examined based on its manifestations. Accordingly, different manifestations of arrogance were analysed under four headings. Psychological factors that are effective in the emergence of individual arrogance are discussed. Accordingly, the main manifestations of arrogance are having distorted knowledge and abilities, overconfidence in oneself, ignoring other people and the belief of being superior to them, along with the tendency of humiliating and belittling them. After examining arrogance from a psychological perspective, this concept is discussed with respect to social and cultural context, along with approaches to arrogance and humility in cultural structures. In Türkiye, the concept of arrogance has mostly been analysed from a Sufi perspective. In studies conducted in the West, arrogance is contextually addressed together with the concept of narcissism. In addition, the present study concludes that arrogant behaviours are more common among leading individuals in the world of art, politics and business, and that Asian societies are more humble than Western societies.

 Kibir kavramıyla ilgili yapılan tanımlarda iki nokta öne çıkmaktadır. Buna göre ilk olarak kibir basit ve temelsiz gurur, ikinci olarak diğer insanlardan üstün olma hissi şeklinde tanımlanmaktadır. Kibir, bir taraftan gurur ve kendini beğenmişlik ile diğer taraftan küçümseme, hor görme ve aşağılama ile ilişkilidir. Hem Batı hem de Doğu teolojisi ve felsefesinde büyüklenme, gurur ve alçak gönüllülük gibi kibirle ilgili kavramlar üzerine zengin bir literatür bulunmaktadır. Psikoloji alanında ise kibir, özellikle psikanalistlerin ilgilendiği narsisizm ile ilişkili olarak tartışılmıştır. Ancak bir kişilik özelliği veya bir tutum olarak kibir, büyük ölçüde göz ardı edilmiş ve yeterince çalışılmamıştır. Bu entelektüel tembelliğin nedeni, kibir başlığı altında incelenmesi gereken tutum ve davranışların belirsizliğinden kaynaklanmış olabilir. Kibir; ikili ilişkiler, aile ilişkileri, grup ilişkileri ve hatta uluslararası ilişkiler de dâhil olmak üzere pek çok alandaki sorunların altında yatan bir faktör olabilir. Böylesi bir etkiye sahip olan kibir üzerine nispeten az sayıda araştırma bulunmaktadır. Kibrin; bireylerde, toplumlarda ve insan ilişkilerinde nasıl tezahür ettiği, hangi yönlerinin insanlar arasında yaygın olduğu ve hangi duruma bağlı olarak ortaya çıktığı, araştırılması gereken konular arasındadır. Yine kibir; psikopatolojide ve sosyal etkileşimde, teorik ve pratik nedenlerle çalışılması gereken önemli bir olgudur. Çünkü herkes bir ölçüde kibirli özelliklere sahip olabilir ve belirli durumlarda kibirli tutum ve davranışlar sergileyebilir. Dolayısıyla kibirli tutumların ortaya çıkmasına neden olan bilişsel ve motivasyonel önyargıların daha iyi anlaşılması gerekmektedir. Kibir konusunda disiplinler arası araştırmaların sayısını ve niteliğini artıracak, bilgi ve sorunların bir araya getirilerek tartışılması, alandaki araştırmalara önemli katkılar sağlayacaktır. DSM-V, zihinsel ve davranışsal bozuklukları tanımlarken betimleyici bir yaklaşım kullanır. Bu yaklaşım, bireydeki davranış bozukluklarının toplumda nasıl algılandığını ve sosyal yaşamdaki yansımalarını açıklar. Kibrin psikolojik analizinin yapıldığı bu çalışmada da kibrin bireysel ve kültürel yansımaları betimsel olarak analiz edilmeye çalışılmıştır. Araştırmanın amacı, psikoloji alanında kibirle ilgili literatürü inceleyerek kavramsal ve kuramsal bir bakış açısı geliştirmektir. Bu doğrultuda çalışmada nitel araştırma tekniklerinden doküman analizi yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Çalışmada; kibrin İslami literatürdeki anlamı, tezahürleri, psikanalitik ve psikolojik açıdan kibir ele alınmıştır. Bu çerçevede ilk olarak kibir kavramının din ve psikoloji alanlarındaki tanımı yapılmıştır. Daha sonra narsistik kişilik bozukluğunun önemli göstergelerinden biri olan kibir, psikanalitik kuram çerçevesinde incelenmiştir. Freuddan başlayarak son dönem psikanalitik kuramcılara kadar kibir kavramına ilişkin tanım ve açıklamalar ortaya konulmuştur. Kibrin davranışsal ve düşünsel yansımaları, kibrin tezahürleri başlığında incelenmiştir. Bu çerçevede kibrin dört farklı tezahürü ayrı başlıklar altında analiz edilmiştir. Bireysel olarak kibrin ortaya çıkmasında etkili olan psikolojik faktörler ele alınmıştır. Buna göre, çarpıtılmış bilgi ve yeteneklere sahip olma, kendine aşırı güvenme, diğer insanları görmezden gelme ve onlardan üstün olma inancı ve onları aşağılama, küçümseme inancı kibrin başlıca tezahürleridir. Kibir, psikolojik bağlamda incelendikten sonra sosyal ve kültürel bağlamda ele alınmış ve kültürel yapılarda kibir ve tevazuya ilişkin yaklaşımlar tartışılmıştır. Ülkemizde kibir kavramı daha çok tasavvufi çerçevede incelenmiştir. Batıda yapılan çalışmalarda ise kibir kavramı, bağlamsal olarak narsisizm kavramı ile birlikte ele alınmıştır. Ayrıca sanat, siyaset ve iş dünyasında öne çıkan bireylerde kibirli davranışların daha yaygın olduğu, Asya toplumlarının Batı toplumlarına göre daha alçak gönüllü olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.

 There are two major aspects of the definitions of arrogance. Firstly, arrogance is defined as primitive and baseless pride. Secondly, it is defined as having the feeling of being superior to other people. Arrogance is associated with pride and conceit on the one hand, and contempt, disdain and humiliation on the other. There is a rich literature in both Western and Eastern theology and philosophy about concepts related to arrogance, such as grandiosity, pride and humility. In psychology, arrogance is often discussed in relation to narcissism, which is of particular interest to psychoanalysts. But arrogance as a personality trait or attitude remains largely ignored and understudied. The reason for this intellectual laziness may be the ambiguity of the attitudes and behaviours that should be examined in relation to arrogance. Arrogance can be an underlying factor in problems in many areas, including bilateral, family, and group relations and even in international relations. There is relatively little research on arrogance, which has such an impact. Among the issues that need to be researched are how arrogance manifests itself in individuals, societies and human relations; which aspects of it are prevalent among people; and under what circumstances it emerges. Arrogance is also an important phenomenon to be studied in psychopathology and social interactions for theoretical and practical reasons. This is because everyone may have arrogant characteristics to some extent and may sometimes exhibit arrogant attitudes and behaviours. Therefore, cognitive or motivational bias that leads to arrogant attitudes need to be better understood. Important contributions can be made to research on this topic by increasing the number and quality of interdisciplinary research on arrogance, besides bringing together and discussing information and problems. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-5 uses a descriptive approach in defining mental and behavioural disorders. This approach explains how behavioural disorders in individuals are perceived in society and what their reflections in social life are. This study investigates arrogance from a psychological perspective and descriptively analyses the individual and cultural reflections of it. The aim of the study is to develop a conceptual and theoretical perspective by examining the literature on arrogance in psychology. With this aim in mind, document analysis, one of the qualitative research techniques, was used in the study. The study discusses the meaning of arrogance in Islamic literature, along with its manifestations and psychoanalyticpsychological aspects. First, the concept of arrogance was defined in the fields of religion and psychology. Then, arrogance, which is one of the important indicators of narcissistic personality disorder, is analysed based on the psychoanalytic theory. Various definitions and explanations of arrogance are presented by referring to various researchers ranging from Freud to the recent psychoanalytic theorists. The behavioural and intellectual aspects of arrogance were examined based on its manifestations. Accordingly, different manifestations of arrogance were analysed under four headings. Psychological factors that are effective in the emergence of individual arrogance are discussed. Accordingly, the main manifestations of arrogance are having distorted knowledge and abilities, overconfidence in oneself, ignoring other people and the belief of being superior to them, along with the tendency of humiliating and belittling them. After examining arrogance from a psychological perspective, this concept is discussed with respect to social and cultural context, along with approaches to arrogance and humility in cultural structures. In Türkiye, the concept of arrogance has mostly been analysed from a Sufi perspective. In studies conducted in the West, arrogance is contextually addressed together with the concept of narcissism. In addition, the present study concludes that arrogant behaviours are more common among leading individuals in the world of art, politics and business, and that Asian societies are more humble than Western societies.

 There are two major aspects of the definitions of arrogance. Firstly, arrogance is defined as primitive and baseless pride. Secondly, it is defined as having the feeling of being superior to other people. Arrogance is associated with pride and conceit on the one hand, and contempt, disdain and humiliation on the other. There is a rich literature in both Western and Eastern theology and philosophy about concepts related to arrogance, such as grandiosity, pride and humility. In psychology, arrogance is often discussed in relation to narcissism, which is of particular interest to psychoanalysts. But arrogance as a personality trait or attitude remains largely ignored and understudied. The reason for this intellectual laziness may be the ambiguity of the attitudes and behaviours that should be examined in relation to arrogance. Arrogance can be an underlying factor in problems in many areas, including bilateral, family, and group relations and even in international relations. There is relatively little research on arrogance, which has such an impact. Among the issues that need to be researched are how arrogance manifests itself in individuals, societies and human relations; which aspects of it are prevalent among people; and under what circumstances it emerges. Arrogance is also an important phenomenon to be studied in psychopathology and social interactions for theoretical and practical reasons. This is because everyone may have arrogant characteristics to some extent and may sometimes exhibit arrogant attitudes and behaviours. Therefore, cognitive or motivational bias that leads to arrogant attitudes need to be better understood. Important contributions can be made to research on this topic by increasing the number and quality of interdisciplinary research on arrogance, besides bringing together and discussing information and problems. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-5 uses a descriptive approach in defining mental and behavioural disorders. This approach explains how behavioural disorders in individuals are perceived in society and what their reflections in social life are. This study investigates arrogance from a psychological perspective and descriptively analyses the individual and cultural reflections of it. The aim of the study is to develop a conceptual and theoretical perspective by examining the literature on arrogance in psychology. With this aim in mind, document analysis, one of the qualitative research techniques, was used in the study. The study discusses the meaning of arrogance in Islamic literature, along with its manifestations and psychoanalyticpsychological aspects. First, the concept of arrogance was defined in the fields of religion and psychology. Then, arrogance, which is one of the important indicators of narcissistic personality disorder, is analysed based on the psychoanalytic theory. Various definitions and explanations of arrogance are presented by referring to various researchers ranging from Freud to the recent psychoanalytic theorists. The behavioural and intellectual aspects of arrogance were examined based on its manifestations. Accordingly, different manifestations of arrogance were analysed under four headings. Psychological factors that are effective in the emergence of individual arrogance are discussed. Accordingly, the main manifestations of arrogance are having distorted knowledge and abilities, overconfidence in oneself, ignoring other people and the belief of being superior to them, along with the tendency of humiliating and belittling them. After examining arrogance from a psychological perspective, this concept is discussed with respect to social and cultural context, along with approaches to arrogance and humility in cultural structures. In Türkiye, the concept of arrogance has mostly been analysed from a Sufi perspective. In studies conducted in the West, arrogance is contextually addressed together with the concept of narcissism. In addition, the present study concludes that arrogant behaviours are more common among leading individuals in the world of art, politics and business, and that Asian societies are more humble than Western societies.

Makale detayları

The Psychology of Arrogance

Yazarlar:

Muharrem Aka

Yayıncı:

Harran University

Ana Başlıklar:

Din Psikolojisi

Dergi:

Harran İlahiyat Dergisi Issue 51, pp.107-128

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

6/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001319178

pISSN:

2791-6812

Psychology

Religion

Arrogance

Narcissism

PsychoanalysisPsikoloji

Din

Kibir

Narsisizm

Psikanaliz

Sayı

Makale detayları

Yazarlar: Muharrem Aka

Yayıncı: Harran University

Ana Başlıklar: Din Psikolojisi

Dergi: Harran İlahiyat Dergisi Issue 51, pp.107-128

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 6/2024

Belge Dili: Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.): 2001319178

pISSN: 2791-6812

Sayı

Yazarlar:

Muharrem Aka

Yayıncı:

Harran University

Ana Başlıklar:

Din Psikolojisi

Dergi:

Harran İlahiyat Dergisi Issue 51, pp.107-128

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

6/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001319178

pISSN:

2791-6812