February 6, 2023 Kahramanmaraş-Gaziantep Earthquakes; Effects on Adana province and its close surroundings

Ulvi Can Ünlügenç; Ahmet Can Akıncı; Ali Gökhan Öçgün

Makale detayları

February 6, 2023 Kahramanmaraş-Gaziantep Earthquakes; Effects on Adana province and its close surroundings

Yazarlar:

Ulvi Can Ünlügenç | Ahmet Can Akıncı | Ali Gökhan Öçgün

Yayıncı:

Cukurova University

Ana Başlıklar:

Genel Jeoloji

Dergi:

Geosound Vol.57 Issue 1, pp.1-41

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

3/2023

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001294504

pISSN:

1019-1003

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 Türkiye is a seismically active earthquake country, where mainly bounded by active faults, located on the Alpine-Himalayan mountain belt. Our country has not experienced earthquakes of this magnitude for a very long time. The geological factor that causes these earthquakes to occur is the relative movements of the plates and platelets on the crust of the earth. As the African and Arabian plates move northward along the boundary of the Dead Sea transform fault zone in the south, these plates have been compressing and pushing the Turkish Plate in the north for a very long time. In addition, the Turkish Anatolian platelet is compressed between the Eurasian Plate in the north. Due to this tectonic settlement of our country, the Anatolian platelet in Turkey moves at a rate of 2.1 cm per year towards the west of the area where the Major Right-lateral Strike-slip North Anatolian Fault Zone and the Left Lateral strike-slip East Anatolian Fault Zone intersect around Karlıova. The primary reason for the occurrence of this earthquake is that the Transform Dead Sea Fault zone, which forms the border of the Afro-Arabian plate, extends into the borders of our country and the potential energy that it has accumulated for a very long time along this left lateral Eastern Anatolian Fault zone is instantly transformed into kinetic energy. The first earthquake with a magnitude of 7.8 occurred on 6 February 2023 at 4:17 am in the Sofalaca area, approximately 22 km west-southwest of Gaziantep. The first earthquake, which shook 11 cities hundreds of kilometers away for about 86 seconds, caused the death of tens of thousands of people and the collapse of tens of thousands of buildings. The aftershock of this earthquake was 6.8 magnitude and occurred just 11 minutes later, about 10 km southwest of the first earthquake, again in the Karasu graben, close to Nurdağı. This aftershock also seriously affected and destroyed the buildings that were trying to stand. With these earthquakes, 5 segments of the East Anatolian Fault Zone with a length of hundreds of kilometers were broken. After these earthquakes, the Sürgü-Çardak Fault Segment extending from the northern parts of the Eastern Anatolian Fault Zone, approximately 100 km north of the first earthquake, approximately 9 hours later on the same day, at 13:24, was triggered by the first earthquakes and a second big earthquake of 7.6 magnitude hit Kahramanmaraş Ekinözü village. The aftershock of the second earthquake occurred 98 minutes later, approximately 65 km west of the same segment, approximately 10 km north of Göksun District with a magnitude of 6. People living in Göksun stated that there was no surface rupture in the first earthquake, but surface fractures occurred in the region with the 7.6 magnitude earthquake. After these earthquakes occurred, left lateral displacements were detected on average around 3,5 meters in the field along the southern segments of the Eastern Anatolian Fault, and vertical displacement up to 1.5 meters, where the northern block generally uplifted. After these earthquakes, more than 12000 aftershocks occurred, and on 20.02.2023, the Antakya Fault Hatay, which was in the extension of the Amanos Fault and had not been broken until that date, broke at 20:04 and caused another 6.4 earthquake to occur. This zone is the last piece to break on the land, and it reaches the southern parts of Cyprus with a transform fault boundary through the Mediterranean Sea in the southwest, and this boundary forms the boundary of the African plate-Anatolian platelet. During and after these earthquakes, much smaller surface deformations developed in the immediate vicinity of Adana province than the main earthquake region.

 Türkiye is a seismically active earthquake country, where mainly bounded by active faults, located on the Alpine-Himalayan mountain belt. Our country has not experienced earthquakes of this magnitude for a very long time. The geological factor that causes these earthquakes to occur is the relative movements of the plates and platelets on the crust of the earth. As the African and Arabian plates move northward along the boundary of the Dead Sea transform fault zone in the south, these plates have been compressing and pushing the Turkish Plate in the north for a very long time. In addition, the Turkish Anatolian platelet is compressed between the Eurasian Plate in the north. Due to this tectonic settlement of our country, the Anatolian platelet in Turkey moves at a rate of 2.1 cm per year towards the west of the area where the Major Right-lateral Strike-slip North Anatolian Fault Zone and the Left Lateral strike-slip East Anatolian Fault Zone intersect around Karlıova. The primary reason for the occurrence of this earthquake is that the Transform Dead Sea Fault zone, which forms the border of the Afro-Arabian plate, extends into the borders of our country and the potential energy that it has accumulated for a very long time along this left lateral Eastern Anatolian Fault zone is instantly transformed into kinetic energy. The first earthquake with a magnitude of 7.8 occurred on 6 February 2023 at 4:17 am in the Sofalaca area, approximately 22 km west-southwest of Gaziantep. The first earthquake, which shook 11 cities hundreds of kilometers away for about 86 seconds, caused the death of tens of thousands of people and the collapse of tens of thousands of buildings. The aftershock of this earthquake was 6.8 magnitude and occurred just 11 minutes later, about 10 km southwest of the first earthquake, again in the Karasu graben, close to Nurdağı. This aftershock also seriously affected and destroyed the buildings that were trying to stand. With these earthquakes, 5 segments of the East Anatolian Fault Zone with a length of hundreds of kilometers were broken. After these earthquakes, the Sürgü-Çardak Fault Segment extending from the northern parts of the Eastern Anatolian Fault Zone, approximately 100 km north of the first earthquake, approximately 9 hours later on the same day, at 13:24, was triggered by the first earthquakes and a second big earthquake of 7.6 magnitude hit Kahramanmaraş Ekinözü village. The aftershock of the second earthquake occurred 98 minutes later, approximately 65 km west of the same segment, approximately 10 km north of Göksun District with a magnitude of 6. People living in Göksun stated that there was no surface rupture in the first earthquake, but surface fractures occurred in the region with the 7.6 magnitude earthquake. After these earthquakes occurred, left lateral displacements were detected on average around 3,5 meters in the field along the southern segments of the Eastern Anatolian Fault, and vertical displacement up to 1.5 meters, where the northern block generally uplifted. After these earthquakes, more than 12000 aftershocks occurred, and on 20.02.2023, the Antakya Fault Hatay, which was in the extension of the Amanos Fault and had not been broken until that date, broke at 20:04 and caused another 6.4 earthquake to occur. This zone is the last piece to break on the land, and it reaches the southern parts of Cyprus with a transform fault boundary through the Mediterranean Sea in the southwest, and this boundary forms the boundary of the African plate-Anatolian platelet. During and after these earthquakes, much smaller surface deformations developed in the immediate vicinity of Adana province than the main earthquake region.

 Türkiye is a seismically active earthquake country, where mainly bounded by active faults, located on the Alpine-Himalayan mountain belt. Our country has not experienced earthquakes of this magnitude for a very long time. The geological factor that causes these earthquakes to occur is the relative movements of the plates and platelets on the crust of the earth. As the African and Arabian plates move northward along the boundary of the Dead Sea transform fault zone in the south, these plates have been compressing and pushing the Turkish Plate in the north for a very long time. In addition, the Turkish Anatolian platelet is compressed between the Eurasian Plate in the north. Due to this tectonic settlement of our country, the Anatolian platelet in Turkey moves at a rate of 2.1 cm per year towards the west of the area where the Major Right-lateral Strike-slip North Anatolian Fault Zone and the Left Lateral strike-slip East Anatolian Fault Zone intersect around Karlıova. The primary reason for the occurrence of this earthquake is that the Transform Dead Sea Fault zone, which forms the border of the Afro-Arabian plate, extends into the borders of our country and the potential energy that it has accumulated for a very long time along this left lateral Eastern Anatolian Fault zone is instantly transformed into kinetic energy. The first earthquake with a magnitude of 7.8 occurred on 6 February 2023 at 4:17 am in the Sofalaca area, approximately 22 km west-southwest of Gaziantep. The first earthquake, which shook 11 cities hundreds of kilometers away for about 86 seconds, caused the death of tens of thousands of people and the collapse of tens of thousands of buildings. The aftershock of this earthquake was 6.8 magnitude and occurred just 11 minutes later, about 10 km southwest of the first earthquake, again in the Karasu graben, close to Nurdağı. This aftershock also seriously affected and destroyed the buildings that were trying to stand. With these earthquakes, 5 segments of the East Anatolian Fault Zone with a length of hundreds of kilometers were broken. After these earthquakes, the Sürgü-Çardak Fault Segment extending from the northern parts of the Eastern Anatolian Fault Zone, approximately 100 km north of the first earthquake, approximately 9 hours later on the same day, at 13:24, was triggered by the first earthquakes and a second big earthquake of 7.6 magnitude hit Kahramanmaraş Ekinözü village. The aftershock of the second earthquake occurred 98 minutes later, approximately 65 km west of the same segment, approximately 10 km north of Göksun District with a magnitude of 6. People living in Göksun stated that there was no surface rupture in the first earthquake, but surface fractures occurred in the region with the 7.6 magnitude earthquake. After these earthquakes occurred, left lateral displacements were detected on average around 3,5 meters in the field along the southern segments of the Eastern Anatolian Fault, and vertical displacement up to 1.5 meters, where the northern block generally uplifted. After these earthquakes, more than 12000 aftershocks occurred, and on 20.02.2023, the Antakya Fault Hatay, which was in the extension of the Amanos Fault and had not been broken until that date, broke at 20:04 and caused another 6.4 earthquake to occur. This zone is the last piece to break on the land, and it reaches the southern parts of Cyprus with a transform fault boundary through the Mediterranean Sea in the southwest, and this boundary forms the boundary of the African plate-Anatolian platelet. During and after these earthquakes, much smaller surface deformations developed in the immediate vicinity of Adana province than the main earthquake region.

 Türkiye, Alp-Himalaya dağ kuşağı üzerinde çevresinin aktif faylarla sınırlandırılmış olduğu sismik olarak aktif, birinci derecede bir deprem ülkesidir. Ülkemiz oldukça uzun bir süredir 2023 yılında yaşamış olduğumuz büyüklüklerde bir depremle karşı karşıya kalmamıştır. Bu depremlerin oluşmasına neden olan jeolojik faktör yerkabuğu üzerinde yer alan levha ve levhacıkların kabuk üzerindeki bağıl hareketleridir. Afrika ve Arap levhalarının güneyde Ölü Deniz transform fay zonu sınırı boyunca kuzeye doğru hareket etmesi nedeniyle, bu levhalar çok uzun bir süredir kuzeyindeki Türkiye Anadolu levhacığını sıkıştırıp-itmektedir. Ayrıca, Türkiye levhacığı kuzeyindeki Avrasya Levhası arasında da sıkıştırılmaktadır. Bu tektonik konumu nedeniyle ülkemizdeki Anadolu levhacığı Türkiyedeki Major Sağ yanal Doğrultu atımlı Kuzey Anadolu Fay Zonu ve Sol Yanal doğrultu atımlı Doğu Anadolu Fay Zonunun kesiştiği alanın batısına doğru yılda 2.1 cm hızla hareket etmektedir. Bu depremin oluşmasının, ilksel olarak nedeni Afro-Arap levhasının sınırını oluşturan transform nitelikli Ölü Deniz Fay zonunun ülkemizin sınırları içerisine kadar uzanması ve bu fay zonu boyunca çok uzun bir süre biriktirmiş olduğu potansiyel enerjinin Sol Yanal Doğrultu atımlı Doğu Anadolu Fay Zonu üzerinde anlık olarak kinetik enerjiye dönüştürmesidir. 7.8 büyüklüğündeki ilk deprem 6 Şubat 2023 tarihinde sabah saat 4.17de Gaziantepin yaklaşık 22 km batı-güneybatısında Sofalaca alanında meydana gelmiştir. Yüzlerce km uzaklıktaki 11 şehri yaklaşık 86 saniye boyunca ciddi bir şekilde sarsan ilk deprem onbinlerce insanın ölümüne ve onbinlerce binanın yıkılmasına neden olmuştur. Bu depremin artçısı, 6.8 büyüklüğünde olup, sadece 11 dakika sonra birinci depremin yaklaşık 10 km güneybatısında yine Karasu grabeni içerisinde Nurdağına yakın bir yerde meydana gelmiştir. Bu artçı da ayakta durmaya çalışan binaları çok ciddi bir şekilde etkilemiş ve yıkmıştır. Bu depremler ile Doğu Anadolu Fay Zonunun yüzlerce km uzunlukta 5 segmenti kırılmıştır. Bu depremlerin ardından aynı gün yaklaşık 9 saat sonra ilk depremin olduğu yerin yaklaşık 100 km kuzeyinde saat 13:24te Doğu Anadolu Fay Zonunun kuzey kesimlerinden uzanan Sürgü-Çardak Fay Segmenti ilk depremler tarafından tetiklenerek 7.6 büyüklüğünde ikinci büyük bir deprem ile Kahramanmaraş Ekinözü taraflarında kırılmıştır. İkinci depremin artçısı da 98 dakika sonra aynı segmentin yaklaşık 65 km batı kesiminde Göksun İlçesinin yaklaşık 10 km kuzeyinde 6 büyüklüğünde meydana gelmiştir. Göksunda yaşayan insanlar, birinci depremde yüzey kırığının oluşmadığını ancak, 7.6 büyüklüğündeki deprem ile bölgede yüzey kırıklarının oluştuğunu belirtmişlerdir. Bu depremlerin oluşması sonrasında Doğu Anadolu Fayının güney segmentleri boyunca sahada ortalama 3,5 metre civarında sol yönlü yanal ötelenmeler ile genelde kuzey bloğun yükseldiği 1,5 metreye varan düşey atımlar tespit edilmiştir. Bu depremler sonrasında 12000in üzerinde artçı sarsıntıların meydana gelmesi sonrasında da 20.2.2023 tarihinde Amanos Fayının uzantısında bulunan ve o tarihe kadar kırılmamış bulunan Antakya Fayını Hatay saat 20:04te kırarak 6.4 büyüklüğünde diğer bir depremin meydana gelmesine neden olmuştur. Bu artçı deprem bu zonda karada kırılan son parça olup, güneybatısında Akdenizin içinden bir transform faylı sınır ile Kıbrısın güney kesimlerine ulaşmakta ve bu sınır da Afrika plakası-Anadolu levhacığının sınırını oluşturmaktadır. Depremlerin ardından Adana ili yakın çevresinde esas deprem bölgesine göre çok daha küçük yüzey deformasyonları gelişmiştir.

Makale detayları

February 6, 2023 Kahramanmaraş-Gaziantep Earthquakes; Effects on Adana province and its close surroundings

Yazarlar:

Ulvi Can Ünlügenç | Ahmet Can Akıncı | Ali Gökhan Öçgün

Yayıncı:

Cukurova University

Ana Başlıklar:

Genel Jeoloji

Dergi:

Geosound Vol.57 Issue 1, pp.1-41

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

3/2023

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001294504

pISSN:

1019-1003

6 February 2023 Turkey Earthquakes

Kahramanmaraş

Hatay

East Anatolian Fault Zone

Surface Deformation.6 Şubat 2023 Türkiye Depremleri

Kahramanmaraş

Hatay

Doğu Anadolu Fay Zonu

Yüzey deformasyonu

Sayı

Makale detayları

Yazarlar: Ulvi Can Ünlügenç | Ahmet Can Akıncı | Ali Gökhan Öçgün

Yayıncı: Cukurova University

Ana Başlıklar: Genel Jeoloji

Dergi: Geosound Vol.57 Issue 1, pp.1-41

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 3/2023

Belge Dili: Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.): 2001294504

pISSN: 1019-1003

Sayı

Yazarlar:

Ulvi Can Ünlügenç | Ahmet Can Akıncı | Ali Gökhan Öçgün

Yayıncı:

Cukurova University

Ana Başlıklar:

Genel Jeoloji

Dergi:

Geosound Vol.57 Issue 1, pp.1-41

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

3/2023

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001294504

pISSN:

1019-1003