Persian-Macedonian Struggle in History: The Battles of Granicus, Issus and Gaugamela

Deniz Serhad Sezer

Makale detayları

Persian-Macedonian Struggle in History: The Battles of Granicus, Issus and Gaugamela

Yazarlar:

Deniz Serhad Sezer

Yayıncı:

Hakan YILMAZ

Ana Başlıklar:

Ortaçağ Tarihi (Diğer)

Dergi:

Akademik Tarih ve Düşünce Dergisi Vol.11 Issue 5, pp.2899-2920

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

11/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001327519

pISSN:

2148-2292

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 From a historical point of view, the Persian-Macedonian wars stand out as the wars in which the rule of Asia Minor and the Near East changed hands and the new fate of Asia Minor and the Near East was determined for nearly two centuries. The Battle of Granicus gave Alexander the Great Asia Minor; the Battle of Issus opened the door to the Near East; and the Battle of Gaugamela led to the de facto end of the Persian Empire. In these battles, the Persians were very weak in terms of equipment and discipline and therefore suffered great defeats. The standard Persian military equipment did not include armour developed for close combat, resulting in fatal arm, neck and facial injuries. Similarly, wicker shields were inadequate against the long spears of the Macedonians, causing the infantry to take the full brunt of the blow. Therefore, this imbalance in equipment between the opponents made defeat inevitable. In this article, the causes, development processes and results of the Granicus, Issus and Gaugamela Wars between the Persians and Macedonians are discussed, and the military factors affecting the decline of the Persians are analysed in the context of these wars.

 From a historical point of view, the Persian-Macedonian wars stand out as the wars in which the rule of Asia Minor and the Near East changed hands and the new fate of Asia Minor and the Near East was determined for nearly two centuries. The Battle of Granicus gave Alexander the Great Asia Minor; the Battle of Issus opened the door to the Near East; and the Battle of Gaugamela led to the de facto end of the Persian Empire. In these battles, the Persians were very weak in terms of equipment and discipline and therefore suffered great defeats. The standard Persian military equipment did not include armour developed for close combat, resulting in fatal arm, neck and facial injuries. Similarly, wicker shields were inadequate against the long spears of the Macedonians, causing the infantry to take the full brunt of the blow. Therefore, this imbalance in equipment between the opponents made defeat inevitable. In this article, the causes, development processes and results of the Granicus, Issus and Gaugamela Wars between the Persians and Macedonians are discussed, and the military factors affecting the decline of the Persians are analysed in the context of these wars.

 From a historical point of view, the Persian-Macedonian wars stand out as the wars in which the rule of Asia Minor and the Near East changed hands and the new fate of Asia Minor and the Near East was determined for nearly two centuries. The Battle of Granicus gave Alexander the Great Asia Minor; the Battle of Issus opened the door to the Near East; and the Battle of Gaugamela led to the de facto end of the Persian Empire. In these battles, the Persians were very weak in terms of equipment and discipline and therefore suffered great defeats. The standard Persian military equipment did not include armour developed for close combat, resulting in fatal arm, neck and facial injuries. Similarly, wicker shields were inadequate against the long spears of the Macedonians, causing the infantry to take the full brunt of the blow. Therefore, this imbalance in equipment between the opponents made defeat inevitable. In this article, the causes, development processes and results of the Granicus, Issus and Gaugamela Wars between the Persians and Macedonians are discussed, and the military factors affecting the decline of the Persians are analysed in the context of these wars.

 Pers-Makedon savaşları tarihsel açıdan özellikle Küçük Asyanın ve Yakın Doğunun yaklaşık iki yüzyıldır devam eden yönetimin el değiştirdiği ve yeni kaderinin belirlendiği savaşlar olarak ön plana çıkmaktadır. Granikos Savaşı, Büyük İskendere Küçük Asyayı kazandıran; İssos Savaşı Yakın Doğunun kapısını açan; Gaugamela Savaşı ise Pers İmparatorluğunu fiilen bitirmesine neden olan gelişmelerdir. Bu savaşlarda; Persler, yapılan muharebelerde donanım ve disiplin açısından çok zayıf kalmış ve bu nedenle de büyük mağlubiyetler gelmiştir. Standart Pers askeri donanımında yakın dövüş için geliştirilmiş bir zırh olmayınca kol, boyun ve yüz yaralanmaları ölümcül seviyelerde oluşmuştur. Yine benzer şekilde hasırdan meydana gelen kalkanlar, Makedonların uzun mızraklarına karşı çok yetersiz kalarak bütün darbeyi piyadenin almasına yol açmıştır. Bu nedenle, rakipler arasında kıyaslanınca teçhizatlarda meydana gelen bu dengesizlik sonucunda da yenilgi kaçınılmaz son olmuştur. Bu makalede, Persler ve Makedonlar arasında yapılmış Granikos, İssos ve Gaugamela Savaşlarının nedenleri, gelişim süreçleri ve sonuçları üzerinde durulmakla birlikte; Perslerin çöküş sürecini etkileyen askeri faktörler üzerinde bu savaşlar kapsamında analizler yapılmıştır.

Makale detayları

Persian-Macedonian Struggle in History: The Battles of Granicus, Issus and Gaugamela

Yazarlar:

Deniz Serhad Sezer

Yayıncı:

Hakan YILMAZ

Ana Başlıklar:

Ortaçağ Tarihi (Diğer)

Dergi:

Akademik Tarih ve Düşünce Dergisi Vol.11 Issue 5, pp.2899-2920

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

11/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001327519

pISSN:

2148-2292

Persia

Macedon

Granicus

Issus

GaugamelaPers

Makedon

Granikos

İssos

Gaugamela

Sayı

Makale detayları

Yazarlar: Deniz Serhad Sezer

Yayıncı: Hakan YILMAZ

Ana Başlıklar: Ortaçağ Tarihi (Diğer)

Dergi: Akademik Tarih ve Düşünce Dergisi Vol.11 Issue 5, pp.2899-2920

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 11/2024

Belge Dili: Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.): 2001327519

pISSN: 2148-2292

Sayı

Yazarlar:

Deniz Serhad Sezer

Yayıncı:

Hakan YILMAZ

Ana Başlıklar:

Ortaçağ Tarihi (Diğer)

Dergi:

Akademik Tarih ve Düşünce Dergisi Vol.11 Issue 5, pp.2899-2920

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

11/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001327519

pISSN:

2148-2292