Religion and State Relations in the Middle East-Islamic World: An Evaluation on Saudi Arabia and Iran

Fatih Baş

Makale detayları

Religion and State Relations in the Middle East-Islamic World: An Evaluation on Saudi Arabia and Iran

Yazarlar:

Fatih Baş

Yayıncı:

Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University

Ana Başlıklar:

Dini Araştırmalar (Diğer)

Dergi:

Rize İlahiyat Dergisi Issue 27, pp.83-97

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

10/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001329971

pISSN:

2980-0331

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 The subject of this study is to discuss the manifestations of the relationship between religion and state in todays modern Middle Eastern countries through the cases of Saudi Arabia and Iran. The aim of the study is to examine the role of religion in the social, juridical and political structure of the states in the Middle East-Islamic World through the cases of two countries. The problem that the study focuses on is to understand how religion is functionally used in the state apparatus in the modern Middle East. While the western world has entered a process of change and transformation since the 18th and 19th centuries, the Islamic World has not been able to achieve the same change and transformation in this process. Since the 20th century, it has been witnessed that the Western World has experienced a rapid leap forward and the economic, political, cultural, scientific and technical differences between them and Islamic World have increased. Especially in the last two years, the Middle Eastern-Islamic World has been facing deep crises, has not been able to develop an effective mechanism to withstand them. In the study, Saudi Arabia and Iran, two countries, one with an absolute monarchical and the other with a semi-democratic understanding of government, are analyzed. The common feature of both countries is that the religious institutions and religious scholars play an active role in state administration. At this point, the religion-state relationship in a monarchical and theocratic regime and the religion-state relationship in a democratic and theocratic regime are examined. Thus, through two different examples in the modern world, it is revealed what function religion has in the political, legal and social structure of the state in the Middle East-Islamic World. At this stage, the study primarily deals with the relationship between religion, society and modernity. Subsequently, the change in the relationship between religion and state in the modern world is discussed. Finally, the relationship between religion and state in the Middle East-Islamic World is analyzed through the cases of Saudi Arabia and Iran. The study is carried out methodologically by using document analysis, printed publications, newspaper articles, agency news and reports, which are among the qualitative research methods. In the study, it is understood that the state governments of Saudi Arabia and Iran in the Middle East-Islamic World used religion and religious identities as a means of legitimacy in political, legal or social terms. It has also been concluded that Saudi Arabia is trying to gain the identity of a modern state with its monarchical and theocratic structure, while Iran wants to create an alternative democratic and theocratic state model based on religious practices in the modern world.

 The subject of this study is to discuss the manifestations of the relationship between religion and state in todays modern Middle Eastern countries through the cases of Saudi Arabia and Iran. The aim of the study is to examine the role of religion in the social, juridical and political structure of the states in the Middle East-Islamic World through the cases of two countries. The problem that the study focuses on is to understand how religion is functionally used in the state apparatus in the modern Middle East. While the western world has entered a process of change and transformation since the 18th and 19th centuries, the Islamic World has not been able to achieve the same change and transformation in this process. Since the 20th century, it has been witnessed that the Western World has experienced a rapid leap forward and the economic, political, cultural, scientific and technical differences between them and Islamic World have increased. Especially in the last two years, the Middle Eastern-Islamic World has been facing deep crises, has not been able to develop an effective mechanism to withstand them. In the study, Saudi Arabia and Iran, two countries, one with an absolute monarchical and the other with a semi-democratic understanding of government, are analyzed. The common feature of both countries is that the religious institutions and religious scholars play an active role in state administration. At this point, the religion-state relationship in a monarchical and theocratic regime and the religion-state relationship in a democratic and theocratic regime are examined. Thus, through two different examples in the modern world, it is revealed what function religion has in the political, legal and social structure of the state in the Middle East-Islamic World. At this stage, the study primarily deals with the relationship between religion, society and modernity. Subsequently, the change in the relationship between religion and state in the modern world is discussed. Finally, the relationship between religion and state in the Middle East-Islamic World is analyzed through the cases of Saudi Arabia and Iran. The study is carried out methodologically by using document analysis, printed publications, newspaper articles, agency news and reports, which are among the qualitative research methods. In the study, it is understood that the state governments of Saudi Arabia and Iran in the Middle East-Islamic World used religion and religious identities as a means of legitimacy in political, legal or social terms. It has also been concluded that Saudi Arabia is trying to gain the identity of a modern state with its monarchical and theocratic structure, while Iran wants to create an alternative democratic and theocratic state model based on religious practices in the modern world.

 The subject of this study is to discuss the manifestations of the relationship between religion and state in todays modern Middle Eastern countries through the cases of Saudi Arabia and Iran. The aim of the study is to examine the role of religion in the social, juridical and political structure of the states in the Middle East-Islamic World through the cases of two countries. The problem that the study focuses on is to understand how religion is functionally used in the state apparatus in the modern Middle East. While the western world has entered a process of change and transformation since the 18th and 19th centuries, the Islamic World has not been able to achieve the same change and transformation in this process. Since the 20th century, it has been witnessed that the Western World has experienced a rapid leap forward and the economic, political, cultural, scientific and technical differences between them and Islamic World have increased. Especially in the last two years, the Middle Eastern-Islamic World has been facing deep crises, has not been able to develop an effective mechanism to withstand them. In the study, Saudi Arabia and Iran, two countries, one with an absolute monarchical and the other with a semi-democratic understanding of government, are analyzed. The common feature of both countries is that the religious institutions and religious scholars play an active role in state administration. At this point, the religion-state relationship in a monarchical and theocratic regime and the religion-state relationship in a democratic and theocratic regime are examined. Thus, through two different examples in the modern world, it is revealed what function religion has in the political, legal and social structure of the state in the Middle East-Islamic World. At this stage, the study primarily deals with the relationship between religion, society and modernity. Subsequently, the change in the relationship between religion and state in the modern world is discussed. Finally, the relationship between religion and state in the Middle East-Islamic World is analyzed through the cases of Saudi Arabia and Iran. The study is carried out methodologically by using document analysis, printed publications, newspaper articles, agency news and reports, which are among the qualitative research methods. In the study, it is understood that the state governments of Saudi Arabia and Iran in the Middle East-Islamic World used religion and religious identities as a means of legitimacy in political, legal or social terms. It has also been concluded that Saudi Arabia is trying to gain the identity of a modern state with its monarchical and theocratic structure, while Iran wants to create an alternative democratic and theocratic state model based on religious practices in the modern world.

 Bu çalışmanın konusu; din ve devlet ilişkisinin günümüz modern Orta Doğu ülkelerinde tezahür biçimlerini Suudi Arabistan ve İran örnekleri üzerinden ele almaktır. Çalışmanın amacı, Orta Doğu-İslam dünyasındaki devletlerin toplumsal, hukuki veya siyasal yapısında dinin rolünü iki ülke örneği üzerinden incelemektir. Çalışmanın odaklandığı problem ise dinin modern Orta Doğuda devlet aygıtında nasıl fonksiyonel kullanıldığını anlamaktır. 18 ve 19. yüzyıldan itibaren batı dünyası bir değişim ve dönüşüm sürecine girerken, İslam dünyası bu süreçte aynı değişimi ve dönüşümü sağlayamamıştır. 20. yüzyıldan itibaren ise batı dünyasının hızlı bir sıçrama yaşadığına ve İslam dünyası ile aralarındaki ekonomik, siyasi, kültürel, bilimsel ve teknik farklılıkların çoğaldığına şahit olunmuştur. Orta Doğu-İslam dünyası, özellikle son iki asırdır derin buhranlarla yüzleşmekte ve bunlara mukavemet gösterebilecek etkin bir mekanizma geliştirememektedir. Çalışmada birisi mutlak monarşik diğeri ise yarı demokratik yönetim anlayışına sahip iki ülke olan Suudi Arabistan ve İran analiz edilmektedir. Her iki ülkenin ortak özelliği ise din kurumunun ve dini ulemanın devlet yönetiminde etkin rol oynamasıdır. Bu noktada monarşik ve teokratik bir rejimde din-devlet ilişkisi ile demokratik ve teokratik bir rejimde din-devlet ilişkisi incelenmektedir. Böylece modern dünyada iki farklı örnek üzerinden Orta Doğu-İslam dünyasında dinin devletin siyasal, hukuki ve toplumsal yapısında nasıl bir işleve sahip olduğu ortaya konulmaktadır. Gelinen noktada çalışmada öncelikle din, toplum ve modernite ilişkisi kısaca ele alınmakta; akabinde modern dünyada din ve devlet ilişkisindeki değişim tartışılmaktadır. Nihai olarak da Orta Doğu-İslam dünyasında Suudi Arabistan ve İran örnekleri üzerinden din ve devlet ilişkisi analiz edilmektedir. Çalışma metodolojik olarak nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden doküman analizi ile basılı yayınlar, gazete yazıları, ajans haberleri ve raporlardan yararlanılarak yürütülmektedir. Çalışmada Orta Doğu-İslam dünyasında Suudi Arabistan ve İran devlet yönetimlerinin siyasal, hukuki veya toplumsal açıdan din ve dinî kimlikleri bir meşruiyet aracı olarak kullandıkları anlaşılmaktadır. Ayrıca Suudi Arabistanın monarşik ve teokratik yapısıyla modern devlet hüviyeti kazanmaya çalıştığı, İranın ise modern dünyada dini teamüllere dayalı alternatif bir demokratik ve teokratik devlet modeli oluşturmak istediği sonucuna varılmıştır.

Makale detayları

Religion and State Relations in the Middle East-Islamic World: An Evaluation on Saudi Arabia and Iran

Yazarlar:

Fatih Baş

Yayıncı:

Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University

Ana Başlıklar:

Dini Araştırmalar (Diğer)

Dergi:

Rize İlahiyat Dergisi Issue 27, pp.83-97

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

10/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001329971

pISSN:

2980-0331

Religion

Society

State

Middle Eastern-Islamıc World

Saudi Arabia

IranDin

Toplum

Devlet

Orta Doğu-İslam Dünyası

Suudi Arabistan

İran

Sayı

Makale detayları

Yazarlar: Fatih Baş

Yayıncı: Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University

Ana Başlıklar: Dini Araştırmalar (Diğer)

Dergi: Rize İlahiyat Dergisi Issue 27, pp.83-97

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 10/2024

Belge Dili: Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.): 2001329971

pISSN: 2980-0331

Sayı

Yazarlar:

Fatih Baş

Yayıncı:

Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University

Ana Başlıklar:

Dini Araştırmalar (Diğer)

Dergi:

Rize İlahiyat Dergisi Issue 27, pp.83-97

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

10/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001329971

pISSN:

2980-0331