LORD CURZON, ARNOLD JOSEPH TOYNBEE AND THREE ISSUES ON THE FUTURE OF ISTANBUL

Ferdi Ertekin

Makale detayları

LORD CURZON, ARNOLD JOSEPH TOYNBEE AND THREE ISSUES ON THE FUTURE OF ISTANBUL

Yazarlar:

Ferdi Ertekin

Yayıncı:

Ayla KAŞOĞLU

Ana Başlıklar:

Yakınçağ Osmanlı Tarihi

Dergi:

Avrasya Uluslararası Araştırmalar Dergisi Vol.12 Issue 39, pp.194-215

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

5/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001319163

pISSN:

2147-2610

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 Britain fought against Russia as an ally of the Ottoman Empire in the Crimean War and secured the independence and territorial integrity of the Ottoman Empire in the Paris Peace Treaty signed after the war. However, the defeat of the Ottoman army in the Russo-Turkish War of 1877-78 marked the first major turning point in relations between the two states, and after the border dispute of 1906, Britain came close to implementing its plans to capture Istanbul by occupying Gallipoli. The relations between the Ottoman Empire and Britain turned into open enmity with the outbreak of World War I. In 1918, towards the end of World War I, British decision-makers established two important units, the Political Intelligence Department and the Eastern Committee. These units influenced British decision-making from the occupation of Istanbul to the Lausanne Conference. This article analyses the content of the strategic reports on Istanbul and the Straits prepared by the Political Intelligence Division, which included the famous historian Arnold J. Toynbee, and the Eastern Committee, headed by Lord Curzon, during the First World War. In 1915, when the British and French allied navies were badly defeated at Gallipoli, a secret treaty was signed between Britain, France and Russia, giving Istanbul and the Straits to Russia as a reward for victory. However, when a socialist revolution broke out in Russia in February 1917, all plans were thwarted and the question of the future of Istanbul became the main British agenda. This article analyses the British plans for the future of Constantinople, the status of the Straits and the Caliph-Sultan through the reports of Lord Curzon and Arnold J. Toynbee.

 Britain fought against Russia as an ally of the Ottoman Empire in the Crimean War and secured the independence and territorial integrity of the Ottoman Empire in the Paris Peace Treaty signed after the war. However, the defeat of the Ottoman army in the Russo-Turkish War of 1877-78 marked the first major turning point in relations between the two states, and after the border dispute of 1906, Britain came close to implementing its plans to capture Istanbul by occupying Gallipoli. The relations between the Ottoman Empire and Britain turned into open enmity with the outbreak of World War I. In 1918, towards the end of World War I, British decision-makers established two important units, the Political Intelligence Department and the Eastern Committee. These units influenced British decision-making from the occupation of Istanbul to the Lausanne Conference. This article analyses the content of the strategic reports on Istanbul and the Straits prepared by the Political Intelligence Division, which included the famous historian Arnold J. Toynbee, and the Eastern Committee, headed by Lord Curzon, during the First World War. In 1915, when the British and French allied navies were badly defeated at Gallipoli, a secret treaty was signed between Britain, France and Russia, giving Istanbul and the Straits to Russia as a reward for victory. However, when a socialist revolution broke out in Russia in February 1917, all plans were thwarted and the question of the future of Istanbul became the main British agenda. This article analyses the British plans for the future of Constantinople, the status of the Straits and the Caliph-Sultan through the reports of Lord Curzon and Arnold J. Toynbee.

 Britain fought against Russia as an ally of the Ottoman Empire in the Crimean War and secured the independence and territorial integrity of the Ottoman Empire in the Paris Peace Treaty signed after the war. However, the defeat of the Ottoman army in the Russo-Turkish War of 1877-78 marked the first major turning point in relations between the two states, and after the border dispute of 1906, Britain came close to implementing its plans to capture Istanbul by occupying Gallipoli. The relations between the Ottoman Empire and Britain turned into open enmity with the outbreak of World War I. In 1918, towards the end of World War I, British decision-makers established two important units, the Political Intelligence Department and the Eastern Committee. These units influenced British decision-making from the occupation of Istanbul to the Lausanne Conference. This article analyses the content of the strategic reports on Istanbul and the Straits prepared by the Political Intelligence Division, which included the famous historian Arnold J. Toynbee, and the Eastern Committee, headed by Lord Curzon, during the First World War. In 1915, when the British and French allied navies were badly defeated at Gallipoli, a secret treaty was signed between Britain, France and Russia, giving Istanbul and the Straits to Russia as a reward for victory. However, when a socialist revolution broke out in Russia in February 1917, all plans were thwarted and the question of the future of Istanbul became the main British agenda. This article analyses the British plans for the future of Constantinople, the status of the Straits and the Caliph-Sultan through the reports of Lord Curzon and Arnold J. Toynbee.

 İngiltere, Kırım Harbinde Osmanlının müttefiki olarak Rusyaya karşı savaşmış, harp sonrası imzalanan Paris Barış Antlaşmasında Osmanlı Devletinin bağımsızlık ve toprak bütünlüğünü güvenceye almıştır. Ancak 1877-78 Osmanlı-Rus Harbinde Osmanlı ordusunun aldığı mağlubiyet iki devlet arasındaki ilişkiler açısından ilk önemli dönüm noktasını oluşturmuş ardından 1906daki sınır anlaşmazlığı sonrası İngiltere, Geliboluyu işgal ederek İstanbulu ele geçirme planlarını uygulamaya koymanın eşiğine kadar gelmiştir. Osmanlı Devleti ile İngiltere arasındaki ilişkiler I. Dünya Savaşının başlamasıyla aleni düşmanlığa dönüşmüş ve İngiliz karar alıcılar, I. Dünya Savaşının sonralarına doğru, 1918de, Politik İstihbarat Dairesi ve Şark Komitesi isimleriyle iki önemli birim oluşturmuştur. Bahsi geçen birimler, İstanbulun işgalinden Lozan Konferansına kadar İngilterenin karar alma süreçlerine etki etmiştir. Bu makalede, I. Dünya Savaşı devam ederken, ünlü tarihçi Arnold Joseph Toynbeenin de aralarında bulunduğu Politik İstihbarat Dairesi ve Lord Curzon başkanlığındaki Şark Komitesinin İstanbul ve Boğazlar hakkında oluşturduğu stratejik raporların içeri ortaya konulmaktadır. İngiliz ve Fransız müttefik donanması 1915te Çanakkalede ağır hezimete uğradığı esnada, İngiltere, Fransa ve Rusya arasında, İstanbul ve boğazları, zafer ödülü olarak Rusyaya bırakan gizli bir antlaşma imzalanmıştır. Fakat Şubat 1917de Rusyada sosyalist bir devrim patlak verince bütün planlar suya düşmüş, İstanbulun geleceğinin ne olacağı sorunu İngilizlerin ana gündemi halini almıştır. Bu makalede Lord Curzon ve Arnold J. Toynbeenin raporları üzerinden İngilizlerin Payitaht İstanbulun geleceği, boğazların durumu ve Halife-Sultan hakkındaki planları masaya yatırılmaktadır.

Makale detayları

LORD CURZON, ARNOLD JOSEPH TOYNBEE AND THREE ISSUES ON THE FUTURE OF ISTANBUL

Yazarlar:

Ferdi Ertekin

Yayıncı:

Ayla KAŞOĞLU

Ana Başlıklar:

Yakınçağ Osmanlı Tarihi

Dergi:

Avrasya Uluslararası Araştırmalar Dergisi Vol.12 Issue 39, pp.194-215

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

5/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001319163

pISSN:

2147-2610

Lord Curzon

Arnold Joseph Toynbee

Istanbul

Political Intelligence Department

Eastern Committee.Lord Curzon

Arnold Joseph Toynbee

İstanbul

Politik İstihbarat Dairesi

Şark Komitesi.

Sayı

Makale detayları

Yazarlar: Ferdi Ertekin

Yayıncı: Ayla KAŞOĞLU

Ana Başlıklar: Yakınçağ Osmanlı Tarihi

Dergi: Avrasya Uluslararası Araştırmalar Dergisi Vol.12 Issue 39, pp.194-215

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 5/2024

Belge Dili: Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.): 2001319163

pISSN: 2147-2610

Sayı

Yazarlar:

Ferdi Ertekin

Yayıncı:

Ayla KAŞOĞLU

Ana Başlıklar:

Yakınçağ Osmanlı Tarihi

Dergi:

Avrasya Uluslararası Araştırmalar Dergisi Vol.12 Issue 39, pp.194-215

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

5/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001319163

pISSN:

2147-2610