Judiciary, Office of Qadi al-qudat and the Place of Sunnis in Fatimid State of Egypt

İrfan İnce

Makale detayları

Judiciary, Office of Qadi al-qudat and the Place of Sunnis in Fatimid State of Egypt

Yazarlar:

İrfan İnce

Yayıncı:

Karabuk University

Ana Başlıklar:

Türk İslam Sanatları (Diğer)

Dergi:

MUTALAA Vol.3 Issue 2, pp.84-105

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

6/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001322187

pISSN:

2791-8025

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 Judiciary in the Fatimid State has been discussed from different angles and at different levels in previous studies. Although the place of Sunni scholars in this judicial order has not been examined independently the topic was discussed occasionally through some examples. In his article about the appointment of four judges in 5251131, Allouche defines the change that occurred in the judicial institution with establishment of the Fatimid rule in Egypt as ismalization. Lev examines in a recent study the question of the position of Fatimid law and the extent to which it was applied from the beginning of the state in Egypt until the end of the Fatimid State and of the Ismaili judiciary was proclaimed by Salahuddin, in the context of the relationship of the judicial institution with political developments and the office of wazir, the practice of al-madhhab al-dārij, which allowed the application of Sunni law in inheritance for the Sunnis, the appointment of four qadis in 5251131 and some examples of Sunni ulema serving in the judiciary. In this article, we first summarized the history of the institution of Qadi al-qudat, which represented the head of the judicial institution from the foundation of the Fatimid State until its collapse, within the framework of the Sunni ulema who served as nāʾib or Qadi al-qudat, without aiming for an uninterrupted narrative, and the place of the institution between the persons and groups in their struggle for political power. We tried to show how its bureaucratic character became evident over time, and we analyzed the symbolic and political meaning of the inheritance law in the judiciary for the Fatimids, which differed significantly from the Sunni doctrine, and its relationship to the uncompromising attitude that the Fatimids displayed at the beginning. Similarly, we showed that the most important change brought about by the Fatimid judicial system for Sunnis was in the issue of inheritance insofar as it can be identified in the sources.

 Judiciary in the Fatimid State has been discussed from different angles and at different levels in previous studies. Although the place of Sunni scholars in this judicial order has not been examined independently the topic was discussed occasionally through some examples. In his article about the appointment of four judges in 5251131, Allouche defines the change that occurred in the judicial institution with establishment of the Fatimid rule in Egypt as ismalization. Lev examines in a recent study the question of the position of Fatimid law and the extent to which it was applied from the beginning of the state in Egypt until the end of the Fatimid State and of the Ismaili judiciary was proclaimed by Salahuddin, in the context of the relationship of the judicial institution with political developments and the office of wazir, the practice of al-madhhab al-dārij, which allowed the application of Sunni law in inheritance for the Sunnis, the appointment of four qadis in 5251131 and some examples of Sunni ulema serving in the judiciary. In this article, we first summarized the history of the institution of Qadi al-qudat, which represented the head of the judicial institution from the foundation of the Fatimid State until its collapse, within the framework of the Sunni ulema who served as nāʾib or Qadi al-qudat, without aiming for an uninterrupted narrative, and the place of the institution between the persons and groups in their struggle for political power. We tried to show how its bureaucratic character became evident over time, and we analyzed the symbolic and political meaning of the inheritance law in the judiciary for the Fatimids, which differed significantly from the Sunni doctrine, and its relationship to the uncompromising attitude that the Fatimids displayed at the beginning. Similarly, we showed that the most important change brought about by the Fatimid judicial system for Sunnis was in the issue of inheritance insofar as it can be identified in the sources.

 Judiciary in the Fatimid State has been discussed from different angles and at different levels in previous studies. Although the place of Sunni scholars in this judicial order has not been examined independently the topic was discussed occasionally through some examples. In his article about the appointment of four judges in 5251131, Allouche defines the change that occurred in the judicial institution with establishment of the Fatimid rule in Egypt as ismalization. Lev examines in a recent study the question of the position of Fatimid law and the extent to which it was applied from the beginning of the state in Egypt until the end of the Fatimid State and of the Ismaili judiciary was proclaimed by Salahuddin, in the context of the relationship of the judicial institution with political developments and the office of wazir, the practice of al-madhhab al-dārij, which allowed the application of Sunni law in inheritance for the Sunnis, the appointment of four qadis in 5251131 and some examples of Sunni ulema serving in the judiciary. In this article, we first summarized the history of the institution of Qadi al-qudat, which represented the head of the judicial institution from the foundation of the Fatimid State until its collapse, within the framework of the Sunni ulema who served as nāʾib or Qadi al-qudat, without aiming for an uninterrupted narrative, and the place of the institution between the persons and groups in their struggle for political power. We tried to show how its bureaucratic character became evident over time, and we analyzed the symbolic and political meaning of the inheritance law in the judiciary for the Fatimids, which differed significantly from the Sunni doctrine, and its relationship to the uncompromising attitude that the Fatimids displayed at the beginning. Similarly, we showed that the most important change brought about by the Fatimid judicial system for Sunnis was in the issue of inheritance insofar as it can be identified in the sources.

 Fâtımî Devletinde yargı daha önceki çalışmalarda farklı açılardan ve değişik düzeyde ele alınmıştır. Bu çalışmalarda her ne kadar Sünnî ulemanın Fâtımî yargı düzenindeki yeri müstakil olarak incelenmemişse de bazı örnekler üzerinden buna yer yer temas edilmiştir. Allouche 5251131 yılında gerçekleşen dört kadı atamasını konu edindiği makalesinde Fâtımîlerin Mısır hakimiyetiyle birlikte yargı kurumunda gerçekleşen değişikliği ismâilileşme ismalisation şeklinde tanımlar. Lev, Salâhuddînnin Fâtımî Devleti ve İsmâilî yargıyı sonlandırdığı döneme kadar geçen sürede Fâtîmî hukukunun konumu ve hangi kapsamda uygulandığı sorusunu yargı kurumunun siyasi gelişmeler ve vezirlik kurumuyla ilişkisi, Sünnî hukukun uygulanmasına imkân tanıyan el-meẕhebüd-dāric uygulaması, 5251131 yılında gerçekleşen dört kadı ataması ve yargıda görev alan bazı Sünnî ulema örnekleri bağlamında inceler. Biz bu yazıda öncelikle Fâtımî Devletinin kuruluşundan yıkılışına dek yargı kurumunun başını temsil eden Kādılkudâtlık kurumunun tarihini kesintisiz bir anlatım amaçlamaksızın asaleten veya nâib olarak Kādılkudâtlık görevi yapan Sünnî ulema çerçevesinde ana hatlarıyla özetledik. Ayrıca kurumun Fâtımî Devletinde nüfuz çatışmaları içindeki yerini, zaman içinde bürokratik karakterinin belirgin hale geldiğini göstermeye çalıştık. Bu bağlamda Sünnî öğretiden belirgin bir şekilde farklılaşan miras konusunun Fâtımîler açısından ifade ettiği politik anlamı ve Fâtımîlerin başlangıçta sergiledikleri katı tutumun bununla ilişkisini analiz ettik. Fâtımî yargı düzeninin Sünnîler için getirdiği en önemli değişikliğin miras hükümleri konusunda olduğunu kaynaklarda tespit edilebilen örnekler üzerinden gösterdik.

Makale detayları

Judiciary, Office of Qadi al-qudat and the Place of Sunnis in Fatimid State of Egypt

Yazarlar:

İrfan İnce

Yayıncı:

Karabuk University

Ana Başlıklar:

Türk İslam Sanatları (Diğer)

Dergi:

MUTALAA Vol.3 Issue 2, pp.84-105

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

6/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001322187

pISSN:

2791-8025

Islamic Law

History of Islamic Law

Judiciary

Chief Qadi

Ismailism

Sunnism

Legal Pluralism

Inheritance lawİslam Hukuku

İslam Hukuku Tarihi

Yargı

Kādılkudât

İsmâilîlik

Sünnîlik

Hukuki Çoğulculuk

Miras Hukuku

Sayı

Makale detayları

Yazarlar: İrfan İnce

Yayıncı: Karabuk University

Ana Başlıklar: Türk İslam Sanatları (Diğer)

Dergi: MUTALAA Vol.3 Issue 2, pp.84-105

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 6/2024

Belge Dili: Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.): 2001322187

pISSN: 2791-8025

Sayı

Yazarlar:

İrfan İnce

Yayıncı:

Karabuk University

Ana Başlıklar:

Türk İslam Sanatları (Diğer)

Dergi:

MUTALAA Vol.3 Issue 2, pp.84-105

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

6/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001322187

pISSN:

2791-8025