Evaluation of Environmental Damage Caused by Administrative Activities Through “Accidents (Cas Fortuit)”

Zeynep Çelik Gülseven

Makale detayları

Evaluation of Environmental Damage Caused by Administrative Activities Through “Accidents (Cas Fortuit)”

Yazarlar:

Zeynep Çelik Gülseven

Yayıncı:

Balıkesir University

Ana Başlıklar:

Hukuk (Diğer)

Dergi:

Balıkesir Üniversitesi Hukuk Dergisi Vol.2 Issue 1, pp.22-44

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

6/2025

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001343712

pISSN:

3061-9858

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 Natural disasters are severe natural events such as earthquakes, floods, volcanic eruptions, avalanches, and storms that harm the environment and cannot be prevented by human intervention. It can be said that the occurrence of natural disasters is often unpredictable, unforeseen, and cannot be anticipated despite all technological and scientific advancements. On the other hand, there are also many human activities that, even if known, are preventable and cause harm to the environment. In these events, if there is no fault on the section of the administration, the concept of accident comes into play. An accident is referred to by different names and is often called an unexpected situation, a coincidental situation, or an unforeseen circumstance. In terms of content, an accident is an extraordinary event arising from the administrations activities, which is unforeseen, could be prevented if known, but cannot be prevented because it is not known. This extraordinariness is not related to nature as in natural disasters but stems from the events in which the administration is involved, either in terms of its duties or activities. After all, the Administration has an obligation to protect the environment and remedy any damage caused. Indeed, Article 56 emphasizes that everyone has the right to live in a healthy and balanced environment. To uphold this right, the Administration has been entrusted with the duty to get better the environment, protect environmental health, and prevent environmental pollution. In carrying out this duty, the Administration must also consider the damage arising from its own activities and actions, and it should be held responsible even in cases where there is no fault on its piece. For an incident to be considered an accident for the Administration, it must be within the Administration or related to the Administration. In addition, the accident considered an accident must be unforeseeable and unavoidable. Within this scope, there must be no fault in the administrations activities, actions, and operations regarding the damage caused to the environment. Despite the absence of fault, the administrations strict liability regarding the compensation of the incident should be evaluated. This evaluation should be made by taking into account the possibility that the accident in question may narrow under the current conditions.

 Natural disasters are severe natural events such as earthquakes, floods, volcanic eruptions, avalanches, and storms that harm the environment and cannot be prevented by human intervention. It can be said that the occurrence of natural disasters is often unpredictable, unforeseen, and cannot be anticipated despite all technological and scientific advancements. On the other hand, there are also many human activities that, even if known, are preventable and cause harm to the environment. In these events, if there is no fault on the section of the administration, the concept of accident comes into play. An accident is referred to by different names and is often called an unexpected situation, a coincidental situation, or an unforeseen circumstance. In terms of content, an accident is an extraordinary event arising from the administrations activities, which is unforeseen, could be prevented if known, but cannot be prevented because it is not known. This extraordinariness is not related to nature as in natural disasters but stems from the events in which the administration is involved, either in terms of its duties or activities. After all, the Administration has an obligation to protect the environment and remedy any damage caused. Indeed, Article 56 emphasizes that everyone has the right to live in a healthy and balanced environment. To uphold this right, the Administration has been entrusted with the duty to get better the environment, protect environmental health, and prevent environmental pollution. In carrying out this duty, the Administration must also consider the damage arising from its own activities and actions, and it should be held responsible even in cases where there is no fault on its piece. For an incident to be considered an accident for the Administration, it must be within the Administration or related to the Administration. In addition, the accident considered an accident must be unforeseeable and unavoidable. Within this scope, there must be no fault in the administrations activities, actions, and operations regarding the damage caused to the environment. Despite the absence of fault, the administrations strict liability regarding the compensation of the incident should be evaluated. This evaluation should be made by taking into account the possibility that the accident in question may narrow under the current conditions.

 Natural disasters are severe natural events such as earthquakes, floods, volcanic eruptions, avalanches, and storms that harm the environment and cannot be prevented by human intervention. It can be said that the occurrence of natural disasters is often unpredictable, unforeseen, and cannot be anticipated despite all technological and scientific advancements. On the other hand, there are also many human activities that, even if known, are preventable and cause harm to the environment. In these events, if there is no fault on the section of the administration, the concept of accident comes into play. An accident is referred to by different names and is often called an unexpected situation, a coincidental situation, or an unforeseen circumstance. In terms of content, an accident is an extraordinary event arising from the administrations activities, which is unforeseen, could be prevented if known, but cannot be prevented because it is not known. This extraordinariness is not related to nature as in natural disasters but stems from the events in which the administration is involved, either in terms of its duties or activities. After all, the Administration has an obligation to protect the environment and remedy any damage caused. Indeed, Article 56 emphasizes that everyone has the right to live in a healthy and balanced environment. To uphold this right, the Administration has been entrusted with the duty to get better the environment, protect environmental health, and prevent environmental pollution. In carrying out this duty, the Administration must also consider the damage arising from its own activities and actions, and it should be held responsible even in cases where there is no fault on its piece. For an incident to be considered an accident for the Administration, it must be within the Administration or related to the Administration. In addition, the accident considered an accident must be unforeseeable and unavoidable. Within this scope, there must be no fault in the administrations activities, actions, and operations regarding the damage caused to the environment. Despite the absence of fault, the administrations strict liability regarding the compensation of the incident should be evaluated. This evaluation should be made by taking into account the possibility that the accident in question may narrow under the current conditions.

 Çevreye zarar veren ve insan eliyle önlenemeyen deprem, sel, volkan, çığ, fırtına gibi şiddetli tabiat olaylarına, doğal afet denilmektedir. Doğal afetlerin meydana gelişinin çoğu zaman, tüm teknolojik ve bilimsel gelişmelere rağmen öngörülemez, önceden bilinemez ve tahmin edilemez oldukları söylenebilir. Buna karşın bilinse de önlenebilir, insan eliyle meydana gelip çevreye zarar veren faaliyetler de oldukça fazladır. Bu olaylarda, İdarenin kusuru olmaması halinde kaza kavramı karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Kaza, farklı isimlendirmelerle kullanılmakta olup, sıklıkla beklenmeyen durum, tesadüfi durum, beklenmeyen hal olarak anılmaktadır. İçerik olarak ise kaza, İdarenin faaliyetlerinden kaynaklanan, önceden bilinemeyen, bilinse önlenebilir ama bilinmediği için önlenemeyen olağan dışı olaylardır. Bu olağandışılık doğal afetteki gibi tabiatla alakalı olmayıp İdarenin gerek görev gerekse faaliyetleri açısından, içerisinde olduğu olaylardan kaynaklanmaktadır. Öte yandan İdarenin çevreyi koruma ve verilen zararları giderme yükümlülüğü mevcuttur. Nitekim Anayasa madde 56 ile, sağlıklı ve dengeli bir çevrede kişilerin yaşama hakkına sahip olduğu hususu vurgulanarak bu hakkın yaşatılması için İdareye çevreyi geliştirmek, çevre sağlığını korumak ve çevrenin kirlenmesini önlemek görevi yüklenmiştir. İdare bu görevini yerine getirirken kendi faaliyet ve eylemlerinden doğan zararları da dikkate almalı, kusurunun olmaması hallerinde dahi sorumlu olmalıdır. İdare için bir olayın kaza olması, İdare bünyesinde kalmasına veya İdare ile ilişkili olmasına bağlıdır. Ayrıca kaza kabul edilen olayın öngörülemez ve önlenemez olması gerekir. Bu kapsamda İdarenin faaliyet, eylem ve işlemleri ile çevreye verdiği zararda kusur bulunmaması gerekmektedir. Kusursuzluğa rağmen kaza konusu olayların tazmini hususunda ise İdarenin kusursuz sorumluluğu değerlendirilmelidir. Bu değerlendirme, kazaya konu olayların günümüz koşullarında daralabileceği ihtimali dikkate alınarak yapılmalıdır.

Makale detayları

Evaluation of Environmental Damage Caused by Administrative Activities Through “Accidents (Cas Fortuit)”

Yazarlar:

Zeynep Çelik Gülseven

Yayıncı:

Balıkesir University

Ana Başlıklar:

Hukuk (Diğer)

Dergi:

Balıkesir Üniversitesi Hukuk Dergisi Vol.2 Issue 1, pp.22-44

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

6/2025

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001343712

pISSN:

3061-9858

The Administration's Activities

accident/coincidence

Environmental Damage

the strict of the administrationİdarenin Faaliyetleri

Kaza

Çevresel Zarar

İdarenin Kusursuz Sorumluluğu

Sayı

Makale detayları

Yazarlar: Zeynep Çelik Gülseven

Yayıncı: Balıkesir University

Ana Başlıklar: Hukuk (Diğer)

Dergi: Balıkesir Üniversitesi Hukuk Dergisi Vol.2 Issue 1, pp.22-44

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 6/2025

Belge Dili: Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.): 2001343712

pISSN: 3061-9858

Sayı

Yazarlar:

Zeynep Çelik Gülseven

Yayıncı:

Balıkesir University

Ana Başlıklar:

Hukuk (Diğer)

Dergi:

Balıkesir Üniversitesi Hukuk Dergisi Vol.2 Issue 1, pp.22-44

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

6/2025

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001343712

pISSN:

3061-9858