The First Balkan War in The Foreign Press: Greek Occupations and The Situation of Turkish Prisoners (1912-1913)

Mahmut Akkor

Makale detayları

The First Balkan War in The Foreign Press: Greek Occupations and The Situation of Turkish Prisoners (1912-1913)

Yazarlar:

Mahmut Akkor

Yayıncı:

Tekirdag Namik Kemal University

Ana Başlıklar:

Avrupa Siyasi Tarihi

Dergi:

Anadolu ve Balkan Araştırmaları Dergisi Vol.8 Issue 15, pp.47-73

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

5/2025

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001349491

pISSN:

2618-6004

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 The nationalist movement that emerged from the French Revolution of 1789 was a significant factor leading the Ottoman Empire, which had already suffered defeat in the Russo-Turkish War of 1877-78 93 Harbi, to the Balkan War that erupted in 1912. Among the allied Balkan States, Montenegro declared war on the Ottoman Empire on October 7, followed by Bulgaria and Serbia on October 17, and Greece on October 18. Greeces primary objectives in the war were to capture Thessaloniki, annex Ioannina, and expand its dominance in the Aegean Sea. Greek forces captured Thessaloniki on November 8, 1912, and after approximately five months of siege, they were able to enter Ioannina on March 6, 1913. During the ongoing land operations, taking advantage of the Ottoman Empires weakened naval power, Greece occupied several Aegean islands including Thasos, Samothrace, Imbros Gökçeada, Tenedos Bozcaada, Lemnos, Lesbos Midilli, Chios Sakız, and Crete. In the conflicts, Greece captured approximately 80,000 Turkish soldiers as prisoners. These prisoners, held in various regions, endured extremely difficult conditions regarding accommodation, healthcare, and nutrition. The violence and oppression inflicted by Greece on Turkish prisoners and local populations during the occupation process were frequently reported in foreign press and even in Greek newspapers. As the condition of prisoners became a topic of international media attention, the Greek Ministry of War was compelled to issue an explanation claiming that prisoners were being treated well. This study examines the Greek occupations and the conditions of captured prisoners based on articles published in the foreign press. When necessary, domestic and foreign sources have also been utilized to maintain thematic coherence.

 The nationalist movement that emerged from the French Revolution of 1789 was a significant factor leading the Ottoman Empire, which had already suffered defeat in the Russo-Turkish War of 1877-78 93 Harbi, to the Balkan War that erupted in 1912. Among the allied Balkan States, Montenegro declared war on the Ottoman Empire on October 7, followed by Bulgaria and Serbia on October 17, and Greece on October 18. Greeces primary objectives in the war were to capture Thessaloniki, annex Ioannina, and expand its dominance in the Aegean Sea. Greek forces captured Thessaloniki on November 8, 1912, and after approximately five months of siege, they were able to enter Ioannina on March 6, 1913. During the ongoing land operations, taking advantage of the Ottoman Empires weakened naval power, Greece occupied several Aegean islands including Thasos, Samothrace, Imbros Gökçeada, Tenedos Bozcaada, Lemnos, Lesbos Midilli, Chios Sakız, and Crete. In the conflicts, Greece captured approximately 80,000 Turkish soldiers as prisoners. These prisoners, held in various regions, endured extremely difficult conditions regarding accommodation, healthcare, and nutrition. The violence and oppression inflicted by Greece on Turkish prisoners and local populations during the occupation process were frequently reported in foreign press and even in Greek newspapers. As the condition of prisoners became a topic of international media attention, the Greek Ministry of War was compelled to issue an explanation claiming that prisoners were being treated well. This study examines the Greek occupations and the conditions of captured prisoners based on articles published in the foreign press. When necessary, domestic and foreign sources have also been utilized to maintain thematic coherence.

 The nationalist movement that emerged from the French Revolution of 1789 was a significant factor leading the Ottoman Empire, which had already suffered defeat in the Russo-Turkish War of 1877-78 93 Harbi, to the Balkan War that erupted in 1912. Among the allied Balkan States, Montenegro declared war on the Ottoman Empire on October 7, followed by Bulgaria and Serbia on October 17, and Greece on October 18. Greeces primary objectives in the war were to capture Thessaloniki, annex Ioannina, and expand its dominance in the Aegean Sea. Greek forces captured Thessaloniki on November 8, 1912, and after approximately five months of siege, they were able to enter Ioannina on March 6, 1913. During the ongoing land operations, taking advantage of the Ottoman Empires weakened naval power, Greece occupied several Aegean islands including Thasos, Samothrace, Imbros Gökçeada, Tenedos Bozcaada, Lemnos, Lesbos Midilli, Chios Sakız, and Crete. In the conflicts, Greece captured approximately 80,000 Turkish soldiers as prisoners. These prisoners, held in various regions, endured extremely difficult conditions regarding accommodation, healthcare, and nutrition. The violence and oppression inflicted by Greece on Turkish prisoners and local populations during the occupation process were frequently reported in foreign press and even in Greek newspapers. As the condition of prisoners became a topic of international media attention, the Greek Ministry of War was compelled to issue an explanation claiming that prisoners were being treated well. This study examines the Greek occupations and the conditions of captured prisoners based on articles published in the foreign press. When necessary, domestic and foreign sources have also been utilized to maintain thematic coherence.

 1789 Fransız İhtilalinin ortaya çıkardığı milliyetçilik akımı, 93 Harbinde mağlubiyet yaşayan Osmanlı Devletini 1912 yılında patlak veren Balkan Harbine götüren önemli bir etkendi. İttifak yapan Balkan Devletlerinden 7 Ekimde Karadağ, 17 Ekimde Bulgaristan ve Sırbistan, 18 Ekimde de Yunanistan, Osmanlı Devletine savaş ilan etti. Yunanistanın savaştaki temel hedefi; Selaniki ele geçirmek, Yanyayı topraklarına katmak ve Ege Denizindeki hakimiyetini genişletmekti. 8 Kasım 1912de Selaniki ele geçiren Yunan kuvvetleri, yaklaşık 5 aylık kuşatmanın ardından Yanyaya 6 Mart 1913 tarihinde girebildiler. Kara harekatının devam ettiği dönemde donanma gücü zayıf olan Osmanlı Devletinin durumundan istifade ederek Ege Denizinde Taşoz, Semadirek, Gökçeada, Bozcaada, Limni, Midilli, Sakız ve Girit adaları Yunanistan tarafından işgal edildi. Yaşanan çatışmalarda Yunanistan, 80.000 civarında Türk askerini esir aldı. Farklı bölgelerde tutuğu esirler; barınma, sağlık ve beslenme açısından son derece zor şartlar altında yaşadılar. Yunanistanın işgal süreci ile Türk esirlerine ve yerel halka uyguladığı şiddet ve zulümler, yabancı basında ve hatta Yunan basınında da sıkça yer aldı. Dünya medyasında esirlerin durumunun gündeme gelmesiyle Yunanistan Savaş Bakanlığı, esirlere iyi muamele yapıldığına dair bir izahat yapmak zorunda kaldı. Bu çalışmada Yunan işgalleri ve ele geçirilen esirlerin durumu, yabancı basında çıkan makaleler temelinde incelenmiştir. Gerekli görülen hallerde konu bütünlüğünü sağlamak adına yerli ve yabancı kaynaklardan da istifade edilmiştir.

Makale detayları

The First Balkan War in The Foreign Press: Greek Occupations and The Situation of Turkish Prisoners (1912-1913)

Yazarlar:

Mahmut Akkor

Yayıncı:

Tekirdag Namik Kemal University

Ana Başlıklar:

Avrupa Siyasi Tarihi

Dergi:

Anadolu ve Balkan Araştırmaları Dergisi Vol.8 Issue 15, pp.47-73

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

5/2025

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001349491

pISSN:

2618-6004

Foreign Press

First Balkan War

Ottoman Empire

Greece

Turkish PrisonersYabancı Basın

I. Balkan Savaşı

Osmanlı Devleti

Yunanistan

Türk Esirler

Sayı

Makale detayları

Yazarlar: Mahmut Akkor

Yayıncı: Tekirdag Namik Kemal University

Ana Başlıklar: Avrupa Siyasi Tarihi

Dergi: Anadolu ve Balkan Araştırmaları Dergisi Vol.8 Issue 15, pp.47-73

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 5/2025

Belge Dili: Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.): 2001349491

pISSN: 2618-6004

Sayı

Yazarlar:

Mahmut Akkor

Yayıncı:

Tekirdag Namik Kemal University

Ana Başlıklar:

Avrupa Siyasi Tarihi

Dergi:

Anadolu ve Balkan Araştırmaları Dergisi Vol.8 Issue 15, pp.47-73

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

5/2025

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001349491

pISSN:

2618-6004