Hurûf-ı Muqattaa and Speech Acts

Osman Muzaffer Fidan

Makale detayları

Hurûf-ı Muqattaa and Speech Acts

Yazarlar:

Osman Muzaffer Fidan

Yayıncı:

Mus Alparslan University

Ana Başlıklar:

Din Araştırmaları

Dergi:

Din ve Bilim - Muş Alparslan Üniversitesi İslami İlimler Fakültesi Dergisi Vol.6 Issue 1, pp.6-23

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

6/2023

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001295089

pISSN:

2667-7717

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 The Quran invites people to accept a certain belief and live the belief requested to be accepted as a certain way of life. Therefore, basically, the Quran is a book that can be read and understood by people. Along with the fact that the Quran is a book that can be understood, it has been discussed in the traditions of tafsir and kalam whether the letters at the beginning of the twenty-nine chapters known as al-ḥurūf al-muqaṭṭaʿa are meaningful expressions. While some Muslim scholars have said that the letters in question have no meaning, others stated that the letters in question are meaningful expressions, considering that there is no meaninglessness in the Book of Allah. The Quran, which invites its addressees to accept a certain way of life and gives orders and advice to its interlocutors in this direction, performs an abundance and variety of speech acts. In addition to discussing whether al-ḥurūf al-muqaṭṭaʿa has a meaning or not, it should also be determined whether they have made any verbal action towards their addressees. Speech acts are the verbs that the speaker performs or aims to bring through hisher expressions during a speech. The reason for the verbal verbs that the speaker performsaims to fulfill in his speech is to do some work and actions for the addresseelistener of the speaker or to make him do it. These verbal actions are performed by the speaker in a speaking environment, primarily to inform the speaker about some propositional situations as the initiator of the conversation, to ensure that the addressee fulfills some orders and stays away from some prohibitions, and to prevent the speaker from some internal situations that he or she has during the speech to inform the addressee and to attract the attention of the addressee, to wait for what he said to be accepted as true by the addressee, to explain to the addressee the situations that he will assume certain responsibilities in the future, and to take the necessary responsibilities. Speech act theory is a theory that explains what the speakers verbal performances are, how an oral performance can be successful, what the conditions of success are, and what conditions are violated by possible unsuccessful performances in the twentieth century. Although the speech act theory was first developed in the twentieth century by J. L. Austin, it is a theory of everyday language that has been criticized and developed from various aspects, especially by his student J. R. Searle and other philosophers and linguists. Since the last century, when the theory of speech acts was put forward, it has been intensively studied and developed by philosophy, religious sciences, linguistics, and other sciences. The application studies of the theory of speech acts in the language of religion are also the subject of many studies in the West, although it is only recently known in our country. This article shall try to determine whether the letters in question perform any speech acts, considering the data of speech acts; if they are performing a verbal act, it is aimed to show which of them are. Whether the letters have a speech act or not, if they contain a speech act, what these acts are has been examined within the framework of J. L. Austin and J. R. Searles understandings of speech act.

 The Quran invites people to accept a certain belief and live the belief requested to be accepted as a certain way of life. Therefore, basically, the Quran is a book that can be read and understood by people. Along with the fact that the Quran is a book that can be understood, it has been discussed in the traditions of tafsir and kalam whether the letters at the beginning of the twenty-nine chapters known as al-ḥurūf al-muqaṭṭaʿa are meaningful expressions. While some Muslim scholars have said that the letters in question have no meaning, others stated that the letters in question are meaningful expressions, considering that there is no meaninglessness in the Book of Allah. The Quran, which invites its addressees to accept a certain way of life and gives orders and advice to its interlocutors in this direction, performs an abundance and variety of speech acts. In addition to discussing whether al-ḥurūf al-muqaṭṭaʿa has a meaning or not, it should also be determined whether they have made any verbal action towards their addressees. Speech acts are the verbs that the speaker performs or aims to bring through hisher expressions during a speech. The reason for the verbal verbs that the speaker performsaims to fulfill in his speech is to do some work and actions for the addresseelistener of the speaker or to make him do it. These verbal actions are performed by the speaker in a speaking environment, primarily to inform the speaker about some propositional situations as the initiator of the conversation, to ensure that the addressee fulfills some orders and stays away from some prohibitions, and to prevent the speaker from some internal situations that he or she has during the speech to inform the addressee and to attract the attention of the addressee, to wait for what he said to be accepted as true by the addressee, to explain to the addressee the situations that he will assume certain responsibilities in the future, and to take the necessary responsibilities. Speech act theory is a theory that explains what the speakers verbal performances are, how an oral performance can be successful, what the conditions of success are, and what conditions are violated by possible unsuccessful performances in the twentieth century. Although the speech act theory was first developed in the twentieth century by J. L. Austin, it is a theory of everyday language that has been criticized and developed from various aspects, especially by his student J. R. Searle and other philosophers and linguists. Since the last century, when the theory of speech acts was put forward, it has been intensively studied and developed by philosophy, religious sciences, linguistics, and other sciences. The application studies of the theory of speech acts in the language of religion are also the subject of many studies in the West, although it is only recently known in our country. This article shall try to determine whether the letters in question perform any speech acts, considering the data of speech acts; if they are performing a verbal act, it is aimed to show which of them are. Whether the letters have a speech act or not, if they contain a speech act, what these acts are has been examined within the framework of J. L. Austin and J. R. Searles understandings of speech act.

 The Quran invites people to accept a certain belief and live the belief requested to be accepted as a certain way of life. Therefore, basically, the Quran is a book that can be read and understood by people. Along with the fact that the Quran is a book that can be understood, it has been discussed in the traditions of tafsir and kalam whether the letters at the beginning of the twenty-nine chapters known as al-ḥurūf al-muqaṭṭaʿa are meaningful expressions. While some Muslim scholars have said that the letters in question have no meaning, others stated that the letters in question are meaningful expressions, considering that there is no meaninglessness in the Book of Allah. The Quran, which invites its addressees to accept a certain way of life and gives orders and advice to its interlocutors in this direction, performs an abundance and variety of speech acts. In addition to discussing whether al-ḥurūf al-muqaṭṭaʿa has a meaning or not, it should also be determined whether they have made any verbal action towards their addressees. Speech acts are the verbs that the speaker performs or aims to bring through hisher expressions during a speech. The reason for the verbal verbs that the speaker performsaims to fulfill in his speech is to do some work and actions for the addresseelistener of the speaker or to make him do it. These verbal actions are performed by the speaker in a speaking environment, primarily to inform the speaker about some propositional situations as the initiator of the conversation, to ensure that the addressee fulfills some orders and stays away from some prohibitions, and to prevent the speaker from some internal situations that he or she has during the speech to inform the addressee and to attract the attention of the addressee, to wait for what he said to be accepted as true by the addressee, to explain to the addressee the situations that he will assume certain responsibilities in the future, and to take the necessary responsibilities. Speech act theory is a theory that explains what the speakers verbal performances are, how an oral performance can be successful, what the conditions of success are, and what conditions are violated by possible unsuccessful performances in the twentieth century. Although the speech act theory was first developed in the twentieth century by J. L. Austin, it is a theory of everyday language that has been criticized and developed from various aspects, especially by his student J. R. Searle and other philosophers and linguists. Since the last century, when the theory of speech acts was put forward, it has been intensively studied and developed by philosophy, religious sciences, linguistics, and other sciences. The application studies of the theory of speech acts in the language of religion are also the subject of many studies in the West, although it is only recently known in our country. This article shall try to determine whether the letters in question perform any speech acts, considering the data of speech acts; if they are performing a verbal act, it is aimed to show which of them are. Whether the letters have a speech act or not, if they contain a speech act, what these acts are has been examined within the framework of J. L. Austin and J. R. Searles understandings of speech act.

 Kuran, öncelikli olarak insanları belli bir inancı kabul etmeye ve kabul edilmesi istenen söz konusu inancı belli bir hayat biçimi olarak yaşamaya davet etmektedir. Bu nedenle temel olarak Kuran, insanlar tarafından okunabilen ve anlaşılabilen bir kitaptır. Buna karşılık yirmi dokuz surenin başında yer alan ve hurûf-ı mukattaa olarak bilinen harflerin birer anlamlı birer ifade olup olmadığı tefsir ve kelâm geleneğinde tartışılagelmiştir. İslam âlimlerinin bir kısmı söz konusu harflerin herhangi bir anlamı olmadığını söylerken, diğer bir kısmı da Allahın kitabında herhangi bir anlamsızlık bulunmadığı düşüncesinden hareketle söz konusu harflerin anlamlı birer ifade olduğunu belirtmişlerdir. Muhataplarını belli bir hayat biçimini kabule çağıran ve bu yönde muhataplarına yönelik emirler veren, öğütlerde, bulunan Kuran; bol miktarda ve çeşitlilikte söz edimi icrasında bulunmaktadır. Bu manada hurûf-ı mukattaanın bir anlama sahip olup olmamalarının tartışılmasının yanında muhataplarına yönelik herhangi bir sözlü edimde bulunup bulunmadıklarının da tespit edilmesi gerekmektedir. Söz edimleri bir konuşma sırasında konuşanın ifadeleri aracılığı ile yerine getirdiği ya da getirmeyi amaçladığı sözlü fiillere denir. Konuşanın konuşmasında yerine getirdiğigetirmeyi amaçladığı sözlü fiillerin nedenine gelince; bu neden, konuşanın muhatabınadinleyenine yönelik olarak birtakım iş ve eylemleri yapmaktır ya da ona yaptırmaktır. Bir konuşma ortamında konuşan tarafından yerine getirilen bu sözlü eylemler, öncelikle konuşan konuşmayı başlatan olarak muhatabına birtakım önermesel durumlar ile ilgili bilgiler vermek, muhatabının birtakım emirleri yerine getirip birtakım yasaklardan uzak durmasını sağlamak, konuşanın konuşma esnasında sahip olduğu birtakım içsel durumlarından muhatabını haberdar etmek ve buna yönelik olarak muhatabının dikkatini çekmek, söylediklerinin muhatap tarafından doğru olarak kabul edilmesini beklemek, ileride birtakım sorumluluklar üstleneceği durumları muhatabına açıklamak ve gerekli sorumlulukları üstlenmektir. Söz edimleri teorisi yirminci yüzyılda konuşanın sözlü icraların neler olduğunu, bir sözlü icranın nasıl başarılı olabileceğini, başarı koşullarının neler olduğunu, olası başarısız icra durumlarının hangi koşulları ihlal ettiğini açıklayan bir teoridir. Söz edimleri teorisi ilk olarak yirminci yüzyılda J. L. Austin tarafından ileri sürülse de daha sonra özellikle öğrencisi J. R. Searle ve diğer filozoflar ve dilbilimciler tarafından çeşitli yönlerden eleştirilen ve geliştirilen bir gündelik dil teorisidir. Söz edimleri teorisinin ileri sürüldüğü geçen asırdan bu tarafa gerek felsefe gerek din bilimleri gerek dil bilimleri gerekse de diğer bilimler tarafından çok yoğun bir şekilde çalışılmaya ve geliştirilmeye devam etmektedir. Söz edimleri teorisinin din dilindeki uygulama çalışmaları da her ne kadar ülkemizde yeni yeni biliniyor olsa da batıda pek çok çalışmaya konu edilmektedir. Bu makalede söz konusu harflerin herhangi bir söz edimi icra edip etmedikleri, söz edimlerinin verileri dikkate alınarak belirlenmeye çalışılmış; eğer bir sözlü edim icra ediyorlarsa bunların hangileri olduğunun gösterilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Söz konusu harflerin söz edimsel icraya sahip olup olmadıkları eğer bir söz edimi içeriyorlarsa bu edimlerin neler oldukları J. L. Austin ve J. R. Searleün söz edimi anlayışları çerçevesinde incelenmiştir.

Makale detayları

Hurûf-ı Muqattaa and Speech Acts

Yazarlar:

Osman Muzaffer Fidan

Yayıncı:

Mus Alparslan University

Ana Başlıklar:

Din Araştırmaları

Dergi:

Din ve Bilim - Muş Alparslan Üniversitesi İslami İlimler Fakültesi Dergisi Vol.6 Issue 1, pp.6-23

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

6/2023

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001295089

pISSN:

2667-7717

Philosophy of Religion

Religious Language

Al-ḥurūf al-muqaṭṭaʿa

Speech Acts

Indirect Speech Acts

Locutionary Acts

Illocutionary ActsDin Felsefesi

Din Dili

Hurûf-ı Mukattaa

Söz Edimleri

Dolaylı Söz Edimleri

Düzsöz Edimleri

Edimsöz Edimleri

Sayı

Makale detayları

Yazarlar: Osman Muzaffer Fidan

Yayıncı: Mus Alparslan University

Ana Başlıklar: Din Araştırmaları

Dergi: Din ve Bilim - Muş Alparslan Üniversitesi İslami İlimler Fakültesi Dergisi Vol.6 Issue 1, pp.6-23

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 6/2023

Belge Dili: Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.): 2001295089

pISSN: 2667-7717

Sayı

Yazarlar:

Osman Muzaffer Fidan

Yayıncı:

Mus Alparslan University

Ana Başlıklar:

Din Araştırmaları

Dergi:

Din ve Bilim - Muş Alparslan Üniversitesi İslami İlimler Fakültesi Dergisi Vol.6 Issue 1, pp.6-23

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

6/2023

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001295089

pISSN:

2667-7717