BOOTSTRAP PANEL CAUSALITY TESTING OF TOURISM AND GDP NEXUS FOR UPPER-MIDDLE INCOME COUNTRIES

Mustafa KOÇOĞLU; Bayram Veli DOYAR

doi:https://doi.org/10.21076/vizyoner.722021

Makale detayları

BOOTSTRAP PANEL CAUSALITY TESTING OF TOURISM AND GDP NEXUS FOR UPPER-MIDDLE INCOME COUNTRIES

Yazarlar:

Mustafa KOÇOĞLU | Bayram Veli DOYAR

Yayıncı:

Süleyman Demirel University

Ana Başlıklar:

Ekonomi ve Maliye

Dergi:

Süleyman Demirel University Visionary Journal 2020 Vol.11 Issue Ek, pp.80-89

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

12/2020

Belge Dili:

İngilizce

Document ID (Org No.):

2000598148

Sıklık:

Üç Aylık

eISSN:

1308-9552

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.21076/vizyoner.722021

Özet:

 

One of the sources that increases the income of the countries is tourism. Many studies show that there are causal associations between GDP and tourism in various countries and country groups. In this respect, the purpose of current paper is to explore the causal relationship between tourism and GDP in 33 upper-middle income countries. Therefore, bootstrap panel causality test of Emirmahmutoğlu and Köse (2011) to annual data from 1995 to 2018. This test is powerful both under cross-section dependency and independency, also when the number of observations is small. The findings reveal that a unidirectional causality from tourism to GDP for Grenada and South Africa; a unidirectional causality from tourism to GDP in Albania, Bulgaria, Dominic Republic, Ecuador, Jamaica, Peru and Sri Lanka; bidirectional causality between tourism and GDP in Armenia, Mauritius and North Macedonia; and no causality for remaining 21 countries.

Makale detayları

BOOTSTRAP PANEL CAUSALITY TESTING OF TOURISM AND GDP NEXUS FOR UPPER-MIDDLE INCOME COUNTRIES

Yazarlar: Mustafa KOÇOĞLU | Bayram Veli DOYAR

Yayıncı: Süleyman Demirel University

Ana Başlıklar: Ekonomi ve Maliye

Dergi: Süleyman Demirel University Visionary Journal 2020 Vol.11 Issue Ek, pp.80-89

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 12/2020

Belge Dili: İngilizce

Document ID (Org No.): 2000598148

Sıklık: Üç Aylık

eISSN: 1308-9552

DOI: https://doi.org/10.21076/vizyoner.722021

Sayı

Yazarlar:

Mustafa KOÇOĞLU | Bayram Veli DOYAR

Yayıncı:

Süleyman Demirel University

Ana Başlıklar:

Ekonomi ve Maliye

Dergi:

Süleyman Demirel University Visionary Journal 2020 Vol.11 Issue Ek, pp.80-89

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

12/2020

Belge Dili:

İngilizce

Document ID (Org No.):

2000598148

Sıklık:

Üç Aylık

eISSN:

1308-9552

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.21076/vizyoner.722021