Reflections on Phenomenon of the Damnatio Memoriae in Anatolian Seljuk Architecture

Alper Altın

Makale detayları

Reflections on Phenomenon of the Damnatio Memoriae in Anatolian Seljuk Architecture

Yazarlar:

Alper Altın

Yayıncı:

Ege University

Ana Başlıklar:

Sanat Tarihi

Dergi:

Sanat Tarihi Dergisi Vol.32 Issue 2, pp.671-709

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

12/2023

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001310264

pISSN:

1300-5707

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 The phenomenon known as the damnatio memoriae or revenge on memories is known as the destruction of their works by their successors or opponents when the architectural patronages lose their office, position or die. This phenomenon occurs in a wide variety of fields, from monuments to handicrafts, from sculptures to paintings, from literary works to coins. Within the scope of the damnatio memoriae, objects that will remind the person have been deliberately destroyed, erased or changed. The reflections of this phenomenon can sometimes be seen among the successor predecessor rulers within the same state, and sometimes between the successor predecessor states with the same religious or political view. In some cases, revenge is not only taken from people, but they have succumbed to their ambitions by damaging their memories that will remind them. Architectural works built as religious, social, commercial or charitable structures have become works that reflect the power and propaganda of their patronages, in addition to these purposes. It has prevented the name of the person who left a work in the world, and has been instrumental in making its patrons people who are remembered with respect even after centuries. For this reason, every great person in history has signed works that will keep his name alive. While creating a work ensures that the name of its patron is remembered and not forgotten in the material world, it ensures that it is remembered and prayed for in the spiritual world. Therefore, every person who has financial power has made it his duty to create a work. Seljuk sultans, their wives, family members and relatives, as well as respected commanders, religious leaders and wealthy people undertook the patronage of the artifacts. People have conflicted with each other for various reasons during the process they have lived, and they wanted to make them pay the price by harming the person or persons they hold responsible for the harm that has happened to them. The phenomenon of taking revenge on the memories damnatio memoriae encountered in almost every period is also encountered in the Anatolian Seljuks. In our study, the phenomenon of the damnatio memoriae has been examined within the framework of Anatolian Seljuk history. The monuments or the inscriptions of the monuments that were deliberately destroyed by people themselves in order to take revenge during the period of Anatolian Seljuks were emphasized. When we look at the architectural perspective, it has been tried to point out the destruction in the works of six patrons in the Anatolian Seljuks with the clues given to us by the sources of the period and architectural works. In general, the destruction during the period of Anatolian Seljuks was limited to the name of the building in its inscription. One of the benefactors where the phenomenon of revenge is seen is Izzeddin Keykâvus, the Seljuk Sultan, and the other is Rükneddin Cihanşah, who is kin to the Seljuk ruler. The other four patrons were emirs who held various positions in the Seljuk period.

 The phenomenon known as the damnatio memoriae or revenge on memories is known as the destruction of their works by their successors or opponents when the architectural patronages lose their office, position or die. This phenomenon occurs in a wide variety of fields, from monuments to handicrafts, from sculptures to paintings, from literary works to coins. Within the scope of the damnatio memoriae, objects that will remind the person have been deliberately destroyed, erased or changed. The reflections of this phenomenon can sometimes be seen among the successor predecessor rulers within the same state, and sometimes between the successor predecessor states with the same religious or political view. In some cases, revenge is not only taken from people, but they have succumbed to their ambitions by damaging their memories that will remind them. Architectural works built as religious, social, commercial or charitable structures have become works that reflect the power and propaganda of their patronages, in addition to these purposes. It has prevented the name of the person who left a work in the world, and has been instrumental in making its patrons people who are remembered with respect even after centuries. For this reason, every great person in history has signed works that will keep his name alive. While creating a work ensures that the name of its patron is remembered and not forgotten in the material world, it ensures that it is remembered and prayed for in the spiritual world. Therefore, every person who has financial power has made it his duty to create a work. Seljuk sultans, their wives, family members and relatives, as well as respected commanders, religious leaders and wealthy people undertook the patronage of the artifacts. People have conflicted with each other for various reasons during the process they have lived, and they wanted to make them pay the price by harming the person or persons they hold responsible for the harm that has happened to them. The phenomenon of taking revenge on the memories damnatio memoriae encountered in almost every period is also encountered in the Anatolian Seljuks. In our study, the phenomenon of the damnatio memoriae has been examined within the framework of Anatolian Seljuk history. The monuments or the inscriptions of the monuments that were deliberately destroyed by people themselves in order to take revenge during the period of Anatolian Seljuks were emphasized. When we look at the architectural perspective, it has been tried to point out the destruction in the works of six patrons in the Anatolian Seljuks with the clues given to us by the sources of the period and architectural works. In general, the destruction during the period of Anatolian Seljuks was limited to the name of the building in its inscription. One of the benefactors where the phenomenon of revenge is seen is Izzeddin Keykâvus, the Seljuk Sultan, and the other is Rükneddin Cihanşah, who is kin to the Seljuk ruler. The other four patrons were emirs who held various positions in the Seljuk period.

 The phenomenon known as the damnatio memoriae or revenge on memories is known as the destruction of their works by their successors or opponents when the architectural patronages lose their office, position or die. This phenomenon occurs in a wide variety of fields, from monuments to handicrafts, from sculptures to paintings, from literary works to coins. Within the scope of the damnatio memoriae, objects that will remind the person have been deliberately destroyed, erased or changed. The reflections of this phenomenon can sometimes be seen among the successor predecessor rulers within the same state, and sometimes between the successor predecessor states with the same religious or political view. In some cases, revenge is not only taken from people, but they have succumbed to their ambitions by damaging their memories that will remind them. Architectural works built as religious, social, commercial or charitable structures have become works that reflect the power and propaganda of their patronages, in addition to these purposes. It has prevented the name of the person who left a work in the world, and has been instrumental in making its patrons people who are remembered with respect even after centuries. For this reason, every great person in history has signed works that will keep his name alive. While creating a work ensures that the name of its patron is remembered and not forgotten in the material world, it ensures that it is remembered and prayed for in the spiritual world. Therefore, every person who has financial power has made it his duty to create a work. Seljuk sultans, their wives, family members and relatives, as well as respected commanders, religious leaders and wealthy people undertook the patronage of the artifacts. People have conflicted with each other for various reasons during the process they have lived, and they wanted to make them pay the price by harming the person or persons they hold responsible for the harm that has happened to them. The phenomenon of taking revenge on the memories damnatio memoriae encountered in almost every period is also encountered in the Anatolian Seljuks. In our study, the phenomenon of the damnatio memoriae has been examined within the framework of Anatolian Seljuk history. The monuments or the inscriptions of the monuments that were deliberately destroyed by people themselves in order to take revenge during the period of Anatolian Seljuks were emphasized. When we look at the architectural perspective, it has been tried to point out the destruction in the works of six patrons in the Anatolian Seljuks with the clues given to us by the sources of the period and architectural works. In general, the destruction during the period of Anatolian Seljuks was limited to the name of the building in its inscription. One of the benefactors where the phenomenon of revenge is seen is Izzeddin Keykâvus, the Seljuk Sultan, and the other is Rükneddin Cihanşah, who is kin to the Seljuk ruler. The other four patrons were emirs who held various positions in the Seljuk period.

 Anıların lanetlenmesi veya hatıralardan intikam almak olarak bilinen fenomen, bânîlerin makamını, mevkisini kaybettiğinde ya da öldüğünde ardılları veya karşıtları tarafından eserlerinde tahribatlar gerçekleştirilmesi olarak bilinmektedir. Bu fenomen, anıtlardan el sanatlarına, heykellerden resimlere, edebi eserlerden sikkelere kadar çok çeşitli alanlarda karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Anıların lanetlenmesi kapsamında kişiyi hatırlatacak nesneler kasıtlı bir şekilde yok edilmiş, silinmiş veya değiştirilmiştir. Kimi zaman aynı devlet içerisindeki halef selef hükümdarlar arasında, kimi zaman ise aynı dini veya siyâsî görüşe sahip halef selef devletler arasında bu fenomenin yansımaları görülmektedir. Çalışmamızda anılardan intikam alma fenomenine Anadolu Selçuklu tarihi çerçevesinde bakılmıştır. Selçuklu döneminde intikam almak amacıyla bilinçli olarak insan eliyle tahrif edilen anıtlar veya anıtların kitabeleri üzerinde durulmuştur. Yapı ölçeğinde baktığımızda dönem kaynaklarının ve mimari eserlerin bizlere verdiği ipuçları ile Anadolu Selçuklularında altı bânînin eserlerindeki tahrifat belirtilmeye çalışılmıştır. Genelde Selçuklu dönemindeki tahrifat yapının kitabesinde geçen ismi ile sınırlı kalmıştır. İntikam alma fenomeninin görüldüğü bânîlerden biri Selçuklu sultanı İzzeddin Keykâvus diğeri ise Selçuklu hükümdarı ile kan bağı olan Rükneddin Cihanşahtır. Diğer dört bânî ise Selçuklu devrinde çeşitli görevlerde bulunmuş emirlerdir.

Makale detayları

Reflections on Phenomenon of the Damnatio Memoriae in Anatolian Seljuk Architecture

Yazarlar:

Alper Altın

Yayıncı:

Ege University

Ana Başlıklar:

Sanat Tarihi

Dergi:

Sanat Tarihi Dergisi Vol.32 Issue 2, pp.671-709

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

12/2023

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001310264

pISSN:

1300-5707

Art History

Anatolian Seljuks

Architecture

Inscription

Damnatio MemoriaeSanat Tarihi

Anadolu Selçuklu

Mimari

Kitabe

İntikam Alma

Sayı

Makale detayları

Yazarlar: Alper Altın

Yayıncı: Ege University

Ana Başlıklar: Sanat Tarihi

Dergi: Sanat Tarihi Dergisi Vol.32 Issue 2, pp.671-709

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 12/2023

Belge Dili: Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.): 2001310264

pISSN: 1300-5707

Sayı

Yazarlar:

Alper Altın

Yayıncı:

Ege University

Ana Başlıklar:

Sanat Tarihi

Dergi:

Sanat Tarihi Dergisi Vol.32 Issue 2, pp.671-709

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

12/2023

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001310264

pISSN:

1300-5707