Evaluation of Diesel-Hazelnut Oil Biodiesel-Butanol Triple Fuel Blends as a Potential Alternative Fuel in an Unmodified Diesel Engine

Ümit Yüce; Melih Can Saydam; Batuhan Altundağ; Zeki Yılbaşı; Hayri Yaman

Makale detayları

Evaluation of Diesel-Hazelnut Oil Biodiesel-Butanol Triple Fuel Blends as a Potential Alternative Fuel in an Unmodified Diesel Engine

Yazarlar:

Ümit Yüce | Melih Can Saydam | Batuhan Altundağ | Zeki Yılbaşı | Hayri Yaman

Yayıncı:

Kirikkale University

Ana Başlıklar:

Mechanical Engineering (Other)

Dergi:

International Journal of Engineering Research and Development Vol.17 Issue 2, pp.330-348

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

7/2025

Belge Dili:

İngilizce

Document ID (Org No.):

2001341536

pISSN:

1308-5506

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 This study evaluated diesel-hazelnut oil biodiesel-butanol triple fuel blends as a potential alternative fuel for diesel engines. Hazelnut oil was converted to biodiesel using transesterification and blended with diesel fuel and butanol at various ratios. Engine performance parameters like brake-specific fuel consumption BSFC, brake thermal efficiency BTE and exhaust gas temperature EGT were analyzed. Emissions of NOx, smoke-opacity, HC, CO2, and CO were also measured. Fuel consumption increased slightly with butanol content due to the lower energy density. However, BTE was largely unaffected by oxygen-enhanced combustion. Exhaust gas temperature decreased for blends containing butanol due to factors like latent heat and oxygen content. CO and HC emissions were significantly reduced by up to 32 and 23, respectively, for the highest butanol blend due to increased oxygen. NOx emissions were also reduced in comparison to diesel, with reductions up to 21, likely due to lower combustion temperatures. Smoke opacity decreased between 13 and 69 for blends versus diesel. Overall, study demonstrated that these triple-blends can be utilized as an alternative fuel in unmodified diesel engines. The blends performed comparably to diesel efficiency while lowering most exhaust emissions. However, further testing under different operating conditions is needed to validate the long-term impacts.

 This study evaluated diesel-hazelnut oil biodiesel-butanol triple fuel blends as a potential alternative fuel for diesel engines. Hazelnut oil was converted to biodiesel using transesterification and blended with diesel fuel and butanol at various ratios. Engine performance parameters like brake-specific fuel consumption BSFC, brake thermal efficiency BTE and exhaust gas temperature EGT were analyzed. Emissions of NOx, smoke-opacity, HC, CO2, and CO were also measured. Fuel consumption increased slightly with butanol content due to the lower energy density. However, BTE was largely unaffected by oxygen-enhanced combustion. Exhaust gas temperature decreased for blends containing butanol due to factors like latent heat and oxygen content. CO and HC emissions were significantly reduced by up to 32 and 23, respectively, for the highest butanol blend due to increased oxygen. NOx emissions were also reduced in comparison to diesel, with reductions up to 21, likely due to lower combustion temperatures. Smoke opacity decreased between 13 and 69 for blends versus diesel. Overall, study demonstrated that these triple-blends can be utilized as an alternative fuel in unmodified diesel engines. The blends performed comparably to diesel efficiency while lowering most exhaust emissions. However, further testing under different operating conditions is needed to validate the long-term impacts.

 This study evaluated diesel-hazelnut oil biodiesel-butanol triple fuel blends as a potential alternative fuel for diesel engines. Hazelnut oil was converted to biodiesel using transesterification and blended with diesel fuel and butanol at various ratios. Engine performance parameters like brake-specific fuel consumption BSFC, brake thermal efficiency BTE and exhaust gas temperature EGT were analyzed. Emissions of NOx, smoke-opacity, HC, CO2, and CO were also measured. Fuel consumption increased slightly with butanol content due to the lower energy density. However, BTE was largely unaffected by oxygen-enhanced combustion. Exhaust gas temperature decreased for blends containing butanol due to factors like latent heat and oxygen content. CO and HC emissions were significantly reduced by up to 32 and 23, respectively, for the highest butanol blend due to increased oxygen. NOx emissions were also reduced in comparison to diesel, with reductions up to 21, likely due to lower combustion temperatures. Smoke opacity decreased between 13 and 69 for blends versus diesel. Overall, study demonstrated that these triple-blends can be utilized as an alternative fuel in unmodified diesel engines. The blends performed comparably to diesel efficiency while lowering most exhaust emissions. However, further testing under different operating conditions is needed to validate the long-term impacts.

 Bu çalışmada, dizel motorlar için potansiyel alternatif yakıt olarak dizel-fındık yağı biyodizel-bütanol üçlü yakıt karışımları değerlendirilmiştir. Fındık yağı, transesterifikasyon yöntemiyle biyodizele dönüştürülmüş ve çeşitli oranlarda dizel yakıt ve bütanol ile harmanlanmıştır. Fren özgül yakıt tüketimi FÖYT, fren termal verimliliği FTV, ve egzoz gazı sıcaklığı EGS gibi motor performans parametreleri analiz edilmiştir. NOx emisyonları, duman opaklığı, HC, CO2 ve CO da ölçülmüştür. Yakıt tüketimi, düşük enerji yoğunluğu nedeniyle bütanol içeriğiyle birlikte biraz artmıştır. Bununla birlikte, FTV, oksijenle güçlendirilmiş yanmadan büyük ölçüde etkilenmemiştir. Gizli buharlaşma ısısı ve oksijen içeriği gibi faktörlerden dolayı bütanol içeren karışımlarda egzoz gazı sıcaklığı düşmüştür. Artan oksijen nedeniyle en yüksek bütanol karışımı için CO ve HC emisyonları sırasıyla 32 ve 23e kadar önemli ölçüde azaltılmıştır. NOx emisyonları da dizele kıyasla, muhtemelen daha düşük yanma sıcaklıklarından dolayı 21e varan oranlarla azaltılmıştır. Karışımlarda duman opaklığı dizele göre 13 ile 69 arasında azalmıştır. Genel olarak çalışma, dizel-fındık yağı biyodizel-bütanol üçlü karışımlarının, modifiye edilmemiş dizel motorlarda alternatif yakıt olarak potansiyel olarak kullanılabileceğini göstermektedir. Karışımlar, egzoz emisyonlarının çoğunu azaltırken verimlilik açısından dizelle karşılaştırılabilir performans göstermiştir. Ancak uzun vadeli etkileri doğrulamak için farklı çalışma koşulları altında daha fazla test yapılmasına ihtiyaç vardır.

Makale detayları

Evaluation of Diesel-Hazelnut Oil Biodiesel-Butanol Triple Fuel Blends as a Potential Alternative Fuel in an Unmodified Diesel Engine

Yazarlar:

Ümit Yüce | Melih Can Saydam | Batuhan Altundağ | Zeki Yılbaşı | Hayri Yaman

Yayıncı:

Kirikkale University

Ana Başlıklar:

Mechanical Engineering (Other)

Dergi:

International Journal of Engineering Research and Development Vol.17 Issue 2, pp.330-348

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

7/2025

Belge Dili:

İngilizce

Document ID (Org No.):

2001341536

pISSN:

1308-5506

Hazelnut oil

biodiesel

butanol

performance

emission characteristicsFındık yağı

biyodizel

bütanol

performans

emisyon özellikleri

Sayı

Makale detayları

Yazarlar: Ümit Yüce | Melih Can Saydam | Batuhan Altundağ | Zeki Yılbaşı | Hayri Yaman

Yayıncı: Kirikkale University

Ana Başlıklar: Mechanical Engineering (Other)

Dergi: International Journal of Engineering Research and Development Vol.17 Issue 2, pp.330-348

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 7/2025

Belge Dili: İngilizce

Document ID (Org No.): 2001341536

pISSN: 1308-5506

Sayı

Yazarlar:

Ümit Yüce | Melih Can Saydam | Batuhan Altundağ | Zeki Yılbaşı | Hayri Yaman

Yayıncı:

Kirikkale University

Ana Başlıklar:

Mechanical Engineering (Other)

Dergi:

International Journal of Engineering Research and Development Vol.17 Issue 2, pp.330-348

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

7/2025

Belge Dili:

İngilizce

Document ID (Org No.):

2001341536

pISSN:

1308-5506