URBAN ATTACKS ON THE HAJ ROADS AND THE MEASURES TAKEN BY THE OTTOMAN STATE

Hasan Yavuz

Makale detayları

URBAN ATTACKS ON THE HAJ ROADS AND THE MEASURES TAKEN BY THE OTTOMAN STATE

Yazarlar:

Hasan Yavuz

Yayıncı:

Bitlis Eren University

Ana Başlıklar:

İslam Tarihi ve Medeniyeti

Dergi:

Bitlis İslamiyat Dergisi Vol.5 Issue 1, pp.40-53

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

6/2023

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001290912

pISSN:

2687-2102

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 In this article, the works of the Ottoman Empire to ensure the safety of the pilgrimage routes are discussed. In particular, the measures taken by the state against the urban, which keeps the pilgrimage routes under constant pressure, were examined. Urban tribes have kept the pilgrimage routes under pressure throughout the history of Islam. The Islamic states, which dominate the pilgrimage routes, have done a lot of work to protect the pilgrims from urban attacks. The Ottoman Empire, which kept the long-term pilgrimage routes under its dominance, carried out different practices to prevent the attacks of the urban tribes. In order to deter the urban, security forces were present in the pilgrimage convoys and military fortresses were built to provide security on the pilgrimage route. In addition, private security forces were formed on this route. Some urban tribes were assigned different tasks and they even served in private security units. Some urban tribes also carried out the transportation of supplies and goods sent to the Hejaz. Also, the hearts of the cities were taken by giving a share from the surre. It has been seen that the urbans attacked the pilgrimage routes due to reasons such as not giving the surre on time or giving it less. Although they were given their share of the surre for some years, they also attacked the pilgrimage routes with different excuses. The Ottoman Empire took measures to prevent such events from occurring.

 In this article, the works of the Ottoman Empire to ensure the safety of the pilgrimage routes are discussed. In particular, the measures taken by the state against the urban, which keeps the pilgrimage routes under constant pressure, were examined. Urban tribes have kept the pilgrimage routes under pressure throughout the history of Islam. The Islamic states, which dominate the pilgrimage routes, have done a lot of work to protect the pilgrims from urban attacks. The Ottoman Empire, which kept the long-term pilgrimage routes under its dominance, carried out different practices to prevent the attacks of the urban tribes. In order to deter the urban, security forces were present in the pilgrimage convoys and military fortresses were built to provide security on the pilgrimage route. In addition, private security forces were formed on this route. Some urban tribes were assigned different tasks and they even served in private security units. Some urban tribes also carried out the transportation of supplies and goods sent to the Hejaz. Also, the hearts of the cities were taken by giving a share from the surre. It has been seen that the urbans attacked the pilgrimage routes due to reasons such as not giving the surre on time or giving it less. Although they were given their share of the surre for some years, they also attacked the pilgrimage routes with different excuses. The Ottoman Empire took measures to prevent such events from occurring.

 In this article, the works of the Ottoman Empire to ensure the safety of the pilgrimage routes are discussed. In particular, the measures taken by the state against the urban, which keeps the pilgrimage routes under constant pressure, were examined. Urban tribes have kept the pilgrimage routes under pressure throughout the history of Islam. The Islamic states, which dominate the pilgrimage routes, have done a lot of work to protect the pilgrims from urban attacks. The Ottoman Empire, which kept the long-term pilgrimage routes under its dominance, carried out different practices to prevent the attacks of the urban tribes. In order to deter the urban, security forces were present in the pilgrimage convoys and military fortresses were built to provide security on the pilgrimage route. In addition, private security forces were formed on this route. Some urban tribes were assigned different tasks and they even served in private security units. Some urban tribes also carried out the transportation of supplies and goods sent to the Hejaz. Also, the hearts of the cities were taken by giving a share from the surre. It has been seen that the urbans attacked the pilgrimage routes due to reasons such as not giving the surre on time or giving it less. Although they were given their share of the surre for some years, they also attacked the pilgrimage routes with different excuses. The Ottoman Empire took measures to prevent such events from occurring.

 Bu makalede Osmanlı Devletinin hac yollarının güvenliğini sağlamak için yaptığı çalışmalar ele alınmıştır. Özellikle hac yollarını devamlı baskı altında tutan urbana karşı devlet tarafından alınan tedbirler incelenmiştir. Urban kabileleri İslâm tarihi boyunca hac yollarını baskı altında tutmuşlardır. Hac yollarını hâkimiyetinde bulunduran İslâm devletleri urban saldırılarından hacıları korumak için pek çok çalışma yapmıştır. Özellikle uzun dönem hac güzergâhlarını hâkimiyeti altında tutan Osmanlı Devleti, urban kabilelerinin saldırılarını engellemek için farklı uygulamalar gerçekleştirmiştir. Urbanı caydırmak için hac kafilelerinde güvenlik güçleri bulundurulmuş ve hac güzergâhında güvenliği sağlayacak askeri kaleler inşa edilmiştir. Ayrıca bu güzergâhta özel güvenlik güçleri de oluşturulmuştur. Bazı urban kabilelerine farklı görevler verilmiş ve onlar özel güvenlik birimlerinde dahi görev almıştır. Bazı urban kabileleri de Hicaza gönderilen erzak ve eşyaların nakliye işini yapmışlardır. Ayrıca urbana surreden pay verilerek onların gönülleri alınmıştır. Surrenin zamanında verilmemesi veya az verilmesi gibi sebeplerle urbanın hac yollarına saldırdığı görülmüştür. Bazı seneler surreden payları verilmesine rağmen farklı bahanelerle hac yollarına saldırdıkları da olmuştur. Osmanlı Devleti, bu tür olayların meydana gelmemesi için önlemler almıştır.

Makale detayları

URBAN ATTACKS ON THE HAJ ROADS AND THE MEASURES TAKEN BY THE OTTOMAN STATE

Yazarlar:

Hasan Yavuz

Yayıncı:

Bitlis Eren University

Ana Başlıklar:

İslam Tarihi ve Medeniyeti

Dergi:

Bitlis İslamiyat Dergisi Vol.5 Issue 1, pp.40-53

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

6/2023

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001290912

pISSN:

2687-2102

Ottoman

urban

haj

haj route

surreOsmanlı

urban

hac

hac yolu

surre

Sayı

Makale detayları

Yazarlar: Hasan Yavuz

Yayıncı: Bitlis Eren University

Ana Başlıklar: İslam Tarihi ve Medeniyeti

Dergi: Bitlis İslamiyat Dergisi Vol.5 Issue 1, pp.40-53

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 6/2023

Belge Dili: Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.): 2001290912

pISSN: 2687-2102

Sayı

Yazarlar:

Hasan Yavuz

Yayıncı:

Bitlis Eren University

Ana Başlıklar:

İslam Tarihi ve Medeniyeti

Dergi:

Bitlis İslamiyat Dergisi Vol.5 Issue 1, pp.40-53

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

6/2023

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001290912

pISSN:

2687-2102